本文提出了一种数值求解人体生物热方程时边界条件的处理方法,该方法以生物传热学理论为基础,通过引入“当量皮肤温度”T_(tb),对皮肤层内的生物热方程作了适当修改,并且推导出了采用交替变换方向法(Alternating direction implicit met...本文提出了一种数值求解人体生物热方程时边界条件的处理方法,该方法以生物传热学理论为基础,通过引入“当量皮肤温度”T_(tb),对皮肤层内的生物热方程作了适当修改,并且推导出了采用交替变换方向法(Alternating direction implicit method)求解人体温度场时,边界节点的离散方程。展开更多
Global warming threatens food security.Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a vital food crop,is vulnerable to heat stress,especially at the reproductive stage.Here we summarize putative mechanisms of high-temperature perception(via...Global warming threatens food security.Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a vital food crop,is vulnerable to heat stress,especially at the reproductive stage.Here we summarize putative mechanisms of high-temperature perception(via RNA secondary structure,the phyB gene,and phase separation)and response(membrane fluidity,heat shock factors,heat shock proteins,and ROS(reactive oxygen species)scavenging)in plants.We describe how rice responds to heat stress at different cell-component levels(membrane,endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplasts,and mitochondria)and functional levels(denatured protein elimination,ROS scavenging,stabilization of DNA and RNA,translation,and metabolic flux changes).We list temperature-sensitive genetic male sterility loci available for use in rice hybrid breeding and explain the regulatory mechanisms associated with some of them.Breeding thermotolerant rice species without yield penalties via natural alleles mining and transgenic editing should be the focus of future work.展开更多
Multifunctionalization is the development direction of personal thermal energy regulation equipment in the future.However,it is still a huge challenge to effectively integrate multiple functionalities into one materia...Multifunctionalization is the development direction of personal thermal energy regulation equipment in the future.However,it is still a huge challenge to effectively integrate multiple functionalities into one material.In this study,a simple thermochemical process was used to prepare a multifunctional SiC nanofiber aerogel spring(SiC NFAS),which exhibited ultralow density(9 mg/cm3),ultralow thermal conductivity(0.029 W/(m·K)at 20℃),excellent ablation and oxidation resistance,and a stable three-dimensional(3D)structure that composed of a large number of interlacing 3C-SiC nanofibers with diameters of 300–500 nm and lengths in tens to hundreds of microns.Furthermore,the as-prepared SiC NFAS displayed excellent mechanical properties,with a permanent deformation of only 1.3%at 20℃after 1000 cycles.Remarkably,the SiC NFAS exhibited robust hyperelasticity and cyclic fatigue resistance at both low(~-196℃)and high(~700℃)temperatures.Due to its exceptional thermal insulation performance,the SiC NFAS can be used for personal thermal energy regulation.The results of the study conclusively show that the SiC NFAS is a multifunctional material and has potential insulation applications in both low-and high-temperature environments.展开更多
文摘本文提出了一种数值求解人体生物热方程时边界条件的处理方法,该方法以生物传热学理论为基础,通过引入“当量皮肤温度”T_(tb),对皮肤层内的生物热方程作了适当修改,并且推导出了采用交替变换方向法(Alternating direction implicit method)求解人体温度场时,边界节点的离散方程。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630052,31788103)Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB27010104,QYZDYSSW-SMC023,159231KYSB20200008)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100604)the Shanghai Science and Technology Development(18JC1415000)。
文摘Global warming threatens food security.Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a vital food crop,is vulnerable to heat stress,especially at the reproductive stage.Here we summarize putative mechanisms of high-temperature perception(via RNA secondary structure,the phyB gene,and phase separation)and response(membrane fluidity,heat shock factors,heat shock proteins,and ROS(reactive oxygen species)scavenging)in plants.We describe how rice responds to heat stress at different cell-component levels(membrane,endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplasts,and mitochondria)and functional levels(denatured protein elimination,ROS scavenging,stabilization of DNA and RNA,translation,and metabolic flux changes).We list temperature-sensitive genetic male sterility loci available for use in rice hybrid breeding and explain the regulatory mechanisms associated with some of them.Breeding thermotolerant rice species without yield penalties via natural alleles mining and transgenic editing should be the focus of future work.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2004177 and U21A2064)Outstanding Youth Fund of the National Science Fundation of Henan Province(No.212300410081).
文摘Multifunctionalization is the development direction of personal thermal energy regulation equipment in the future.However,it is still a huge challenge to effectively integrate multiple functionalities into one material.In this study,a simple thermochemical process was used to prepare a multifunctional SiC nanofiber aerogel spring(SiC NFAS),which exhibited ultralow density(9 mg/cm3),ultralow thermal conductivity(0.029 W/(m·K)at 20℃),excellent ablation and oxidation resistance,and a stable three-dimensional(3D)structure that composed of a large number of interlacing 3C-SiC nanofibers with diameters of 300–500 nm and lengths in tens to hundreds of microns.Furthermore,the as-prepared SiC NFAS displayed excellent mechanical properties,with a permanent deformation of only 1.3%at 20℃after 1000 cycles.Remarkably,the SiC NFAS exhibited robust hyperelasticity and cyclic fatigue resistance at both low(~-196℃)and high(~700℃)temperatures.Due to its exceptional thermal insulation performance,the SiC NFAS can be used for personal thermal energy regulation.The results of the study conclusively show that the SiC NFAS is a multifunctional material and has potential insulation applications in both low-and high-temperature environments.
