Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor with a poor prognosis.Most pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage or even metastasis due to its highly aggressive characteristics a...Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor with a poor prognosis.Most pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage or even metastasis due to its highly aggressive characteristics and lack of typical early symptoms.Thus,an early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is crucial for improving its prognosis.Currently,screening is often applied in high-risk individuals to achieve the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Fully understanding the risk factors of pancreatic cancer and pathogenesis could help us identify the high-risk population and achieve early diagnosis and timely treatment of pancreatic cancer.Notably,accumulating studies have been undertaken to improve the detection rate of different imaging methods and the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)which is the golden standard for pancreatic cancer diagnosis.In addition,there are currently no biomarkers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis ofpancreatic cancer to be applied in the clinic. As the only serum biomarkerapproved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, carbohydrateantigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is not recommended to be used in the early screeningof pancreatic cancer because of its limited specificity. Recently, increasingnumbers of studies focused on the discovering of novel serum biomarkersand exploring their combination with CA19-9 in the detection of pancreaticcancer. Besides, the application of liquid biopsy involving circulating tumor cells(CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomesin blood and biomarkers in urine, and saliva in pancreatic cancer diagnosis aredrawing more and more attention. Furthermore, many innovative technologiessuch as artificial intelligence, computer-aided diagnosis system, metabolomicstechnology, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) associated technologies, and novelnanomaterials have been tested for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer andhave shown promising prospects. Hence, this review 展开更多
AIM: To take fundus examination in the preterm neonates to observe the common diseases and report the outcomes in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Guangzhou between May 2008 and May 2011. METHODS: Fundus exami...AIM: To take fundus examination in the preterm neonates to observe the common diseases and report the outcomes in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Guangzhou between May 2008 and May 2011. METHODS: Fundus examinations were performed with Retcam II in 957 prematures. RESULTS: There were 957 prematures in this study, including 666 males and 291 females, 2 triple births, 152 twins and 803 singletons. During the three years, 86 infants with any stage retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (9.0%), 123 infants with retinal hemorrhage (12.9%), 10 infants with neonatal fundual jaundice (1.0%) and 3 babies with congenital choroidal coloboma (0.3%) were found. CONCLUSION: Early detection and prompt treatment of ocular disorders in neonates is important to avoid lifelong visual impairment. Examination of the eyes should be performed in the newborn period and at all well-child visits.展开更多
脊柱侧凸是青少年人群的常见病之一,在生长发育期容易快速进展,脊柱侧凸学校筛查(scoliosis school screening,SSS)是该疾病早发现早治疗的主要途径。SSS项目始于20世纪60年代,由美国逐渐向全世界推广,但在项目开展过程中也暴露了一些问...脊柱侧凸是青少年人群的常见病之一,在生长发育期容易快速进展,脊柱侧凸学校筛查(scoliosis school screening,SSS)是该疾病早发现早治疗的主要途径。SSS项目始于20世纪60年代,由美国逐渐向全世界推广,但在项目开展过程中也暴露了一些问题,如筛查方法的假阳性率较高、潜在的放射线损害、筛查效价比不确定和缺乏高等级保守治疗有效性的循证医学证据等,导致许多欧美国家停止了SSS。然而随着脊柱侧凸疾病筛查诊治相关研究的进展,基于最新循证医学证据评估,2018年美国预防医学工作小组又重新将SSS的推荐等级调整为"不推荐不反对"。近年来,SSS在国内逐步受到广泛关注与重视,国家教育部等五部门也于2021年发文将脊柱健康检查列入中小学生体检项目。项目开展应参照世界卫生组织推荐的疾病筛查有效性标准进行。未来随着脊柱侧凸筛查方法准确性的提高、人工智能等多模式筛查的进展、无辐射检测技术的出现以及轻中度脊柱侧凸保守治疗有效性的提高,SSS项目的长期、大规模开展和脊柱侧凸的早期防控将有可能实现。展开更多
基金This study was supported by Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2018PT32014)Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Science(2017-I2M-1-001).
文摘Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor with a poor prognosis.Most pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage or even metastasis due to its highly aggressive characteristics and lack of typical early symptoms.Thus,an early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is crucial for improving its prognosis.Currently,screening is often applied in high-risk individuals to achieve the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Fully understanding the risk factors of pancreatic cancer and pathogenesis could help us identify the high-risk population and achieve early diagnosis and timely treatment of pancreatic cancer.Notably,accumulating studies have been undertaken to improve the detection rate of different imaging methods and the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)which is the golden standard for pancreatic cancer diagnosis.In addition,there are currently no biomarkers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis ofpancreatic cancer to be applied in the clinic. As the only serum biomarkerapproved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, carbohydrateantigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is not recommended to be used in the early screeningof pancreatic cancer because of its limited specificity. Recently, increasingnumbers of studies focused on the discovering of novel serum biomarkersand exploring their combination with CA19-9 in the detection of pancreaticcancer. Besides, the application of liquid biopsy involving circulating tumor cells(CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomesin blood and biomarkers in urine, and saliva in pancreatic cancer diagnosis aredrawing more and more attention. Furthermore, many innovative technologiessuch as artificial intelligence, computer-aided diagnosis system, metabolomicstechnology, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) associated technologies, and novelnanomaterials have been tested for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer andhave shown promising prospects. Hence, this review
基金Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Projects,China(No.2011B031800105)
文摘AIM: To take fundus examination in the preterm neonates to observe the common diseases and report the outcomes in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Guangzhou between May 2008 and May 2011. METHODS: Fundus examinations were performed with Retcam II in 957 prematures. RESULTS: There were 957 prematures in this study, including 666 males and 291 females, 2 triple births, 152 twins and 803 singletons. During the three years, 86 infants with any stage retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (9.0%), 123 infants with retinal hemorrhage (12.9%), 10 infants with neonatal fundual jaundice (1.0%) and 3 babies with congenital choroidal coloboma (0.3%) were found. CONCLUSION: Early detection and prompt treatment of ocular disorders in neonates is important to avoid lifelong visual impairment. Examination of the eyes should be performed in the newborn period and at all well-child visits.
文摘脊柱侧凸是青少年人群的常见病之一,在生长发育期容易快速进展,脊柱侧凸学校筛查(scoliosis school screening,SSS)是该疾病早发现早治疗的主要途径。SSS项目始于20世纪60年代,由美国逐渐向全世界推广,但在项目开展过程中也暴露了一些问题,如筛查方法的假阳性率较高、潜在的放射线损害、筛查效价比不确定和缺乏高等级保守治疗有效性的循证医学证据等,导致许多欧美国家停止了SSS。然而随着脊柱侧凸疾病筛查诊治相关研究的进展,基于最新循证医学证据评估,2018年美国预防医学工作小组又重新将SSS的推荐等级调整为"不推荐不反对"。近年来,SSS在国内逐步受到广泛关注与重视,国家教育部等五部门也于2021年发文将脊柱健康检查列入中小学生体检项目。项目开展应参照世界卫生组织推荐的疾病筛查有效性标准进行。未来随着脊柱侧凸筛查方法准确性的提高、人工智能等多模式筛查的进展、无辐射检测技术的出现以及轻中度脊柱侧凸保守治疗有效性的提高,SSS项目的长期、大规模开展和脊柱侧凸的早期防控将有可能实现。
