目的:通过对热毒宁注射液在真实世界中的具体用药情况进行分析,了解其临床用药特征及可能存在的风险,为规范热毒宁注射液的儿科临床应用提供参考。方法:选取江苏省3家大型三甲儿童专科医院信息系统(hospital information system,HIS)中...目的:通过对热毒宁注射液在真实世界中的具体用药情况进行分析,了解其临床用药特征及可能存在的风险,为规范热毒宁注射液的儿科临床应用提供参考。方法:选取江苏省3家大型三甲儿童专科医院信息系统(hospital information system,HIS)中使用过热毒宁注射液的患者信息,采用基本数据描述方法及关联规则对患者住院一般信息、诊断信息、临床用药信息、合并用药信息及药品不良反应(ADR)情况进行统计分析。结果:用药患者多为1～3岁儿童,平均年龄为1.89岁,主要分布在感染性疾病科、呼吸科、神经内科;临床多用于手足口病(中医诊断为湿温)、呼吸道感染(中医诊断为外感高热)、抽搐癫痫等疾病的治疗;给药途径主要为静脉滴注,单次用药剂量集中在4～10 mL,占93.58%;用药疗程多集中在4～7 d;溶媒选择符合药品说明书者为94.73%;临床使用多与外用喷剂、营养神经药物、支气管扩张剂、抗菌药物等合并用药;ADR多发生于4岁以下儿童,在用药30 min内发生的占68.54%;临床表现以皮肤及附件损害(39.27%)、全身性损害(29.45%)为主。结论:热毒宁注射液在儿童群体中临床应用普遍,其治疗疾病及使用方法基本符合药品说明书要求,但仍存在超说明书用药情况,临床医生应及时评估患者的受益与风险,规范其临床应用,保障儿童用药安全。展开更多
The Ponseti method has become the gold standard for the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. Its safety and efficacy has been demonstrated extensively in the literature, leading to increased use around the world over the...The Ponseti method has become the gold standard for the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. Its safety and efficacy has been demonstrated extensively in the literature, leading to increased use around the world over the last two decades. This has been demonstrated by the increase in Ponseti related Pub Med publications from many countries. We found evidence of Ponseti activity in 113 of 193 United Nations members. The contribution of many organizations which provide resources to healthcare practitioners in low and middle income countries, as well as Ponseti champions and modern communication technology, have helped to spread the Ponseti method around the world. Despite this, there are many countries where the Ponseti method is not being used, as well as many large countries in which the extent of activity is unknown. With its low rate of complication, low cost, and high effectiveness,this method has unlimited potential to treat clubfoot in both developed and undeveloped countries. Our listing of countries who have not yet shown presence of Ponseti activity will help non-governmental organizations to target those countries which still need the most help.展开更多
目的评价利妥昔单抗(RTX)在真实世界中治疗儿童难治性肾病综合征(RNS)的有效性和安全性。方法系统检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library以及CINAHL数据库,筛选文献、评价质量并提取资料后,...目的评价利妥昔单抗(RTX)在真实世界中治疗儿童难治性肾病综合征(RNS)的有效性和安全性。方法系统检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library以及CINAHL数据库,筛选文献、评价质量并提取资料后,使用R 4.2.2和RStudio软件对提取的文献数据进行Meta分析。使用逐一剔除法进行敏感性分析来评估合并结果的稳健性。绘制漏斗图和Egger检验检测纳入文献是否存在发表偏倚。结果本研究共纳入26篇真实世界研究,涉及激素依赖型肾病综合征/频繁复发型肾病综合征(SDNS/FRNS)患儿996例,激素耐药型肾病综合征(SRNS)患儿205例。Meta分析结果表明,RTX治疗RNS的完全缓解(CR)率为46%(95%CI为37%~56%)、部分缓解(PR)率为22%(95%CI为14%~31%)、停药率为35%(95%CI为25%~44%)。亚组分析结果显示,RTX治疗SDNS/FRNS患儿的CR率为49%(95%CI为37%~62%)、PR率为25%(95%CI为0~50%)、停药率为41%(95%CI为29%~52%),治疗SRNS患儿的CR率为42%(95%CI为27%~56%)、PR率为22%(95%CI为12%~32%)、停药率为21%(95%CI为4%~38%)。使用RTX治疗SDNS/FRNS患儿1年及以内的复发率为39%(95%CI为21%~57%),2年及以上的复发率为18%(95%CI为18%~98%)。安全性方面,不良反应以轻微输液反应为主,发生率为13%(95%CI为8%~22%)。敏感性分析提示本研究结果稳健。轻微输液反应发生率存在发表偏倚。结论RTX治疗儿童RNS有效且安全。展开更多
Background: EPI is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions that have already been identified. Mass vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies that lead to a dramatic reduction...Background: EPI is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions that have already been identified. Mass vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies that lead to a dramatic reduction in the incidence of many infectious diseases. This is a descriptive study (eco-logical exploratory) where data about the status of routine immunization of children under 6 years in 6 selected countries in terms of the routine immunization programs in each country, the coverage and reported cases of vaccine-preventable diseases from 2006 to 2008 were collected assuming that each country is a representative of a Continent;data about the status of Iran were also collected and a comparative study was performed in the next step. It is worth mentioning that selecting these countries was according to health experts to consolidate the data. Collection tools are data of international (WHO and UNICEF) and national organizations of the above countries. In all countries surveyed, triple vaccine, vaccines of polio, hepatitis B, measles, rubella and mumps are part of the routine immunization program for children under the age of 6 years, with the explanation that in South Africa only measles vaccine is injected instead of measles, rubella and mumps vaccines. The coverage rate of the vaccine and other vaccines in Iran was the best compared to other countries. This represents the widespread activity of health care systems of the country in the field of vaccination and tireless efforts of healthcare workers and health centers.展开更多
From February 18-21, 2014, a panel of experts, which was established by a resolution of the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draft exemplary strategies and implementation measures for eradicating violence...From February 18-21, 2014, a panel of experts, which was established by a resolution of the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draft exemplary strategies and implementation measures for eradicating violence against children in crime prevention and criminal judicature, convened in Bangkok, Thailand, for an intergovernmental experts meeting mainly to discuss the draft. After general discussion, delib- eration by the presidium and detailed negotiations, the meeting produced the report, ＂Exemplary Strategies and Implementation Measures for Eradicating Violence Against Children in Crime Prevention and Criminal Judicature.＂展开更多
Preface The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognised as a major threat to global health. The United Nations' Sustain-able Development Goals (SDG) do not explicitly address AMR, but many of the targets ...Preface The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognised as a major threat to global health. The United Nations' Sustain-able Development Goals (SDG) do not explicitly address AMR, but many of the targets within the goals depend on effective therapy for infectious diseases. Notably, these include targets 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.8, relating to the reduc-tion of early life mortality, eradicating ongoing epidemics including AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, and achieving universal health coverage, as well as targets relating to pov-erty, malnourishment, and education (1)The World Health Organization (WHO) recognised the outstanding importance of AMR by passing a Global Action Plan in 2015 and declar-ing AMR a global priority (2)However, the WHO Global Action Plan on AMR mentions children only twice and to date includes no specific objectives or action points focusing on child health.展开更多
文摘The Ponseti method has become the gold standard for the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. Its safety and efficacy has been demonstrated extensively in the literature, leading to increased use around the world over the last two decades. This has been demonstrated by the increase in Ponseti related Pub Med publications from many countries. We found evidence of Ponseti activity in 113 of 193 United Nations members. The contribution of many organizations which provide resources to healthcare practitioners in low and middle income countries, as well as Ponseti champions and modern communication technology, have helped to spread the Ponseti method around the world. Despite this, there are many countries where the Ponseti method is not being used, as well as many large countries in which the extent of activity is unknown. With its low rate of complication, low cost, and high effectiveness,this method has unlimited potential to treat clubfoot in both developed and undeveloped countries. Our listing of countries who have not yet shown presence of Ponseti activity will help non-governmental organizations to target those countries which still need the most help.
文摘Background: EPI is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions that have already been identified. Mass vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies that lead to a dramatic reduction in the incidence of many infectious diseases. This is a descriptive study (eco-logical exploratory) where data about the status of routine immunization of children under 6 years in 6 selected countries in terms of the routine immunization programs in each country, the coverage and reported cases of vaccine-preventable diseases from 2006 to 2008 were collected assuming that each country is a representative of a Continent;data about the status of Iran were also collected and a comparative study was performed in the next step. It is worth mentioning that selecting these countries was according to health experts to consolidate the data. Collection tools are data of international (WHO and UNICEF) and national organizations of the above countries. In all countries surveyed, triple vaccine, vaccines of polio, hepatitis B, measles, rubella and mumps are part of the routine immunization program for children under the age of 6 years, with the explanation that in South Africa only measles vaccine is injected instead of measles, rubella and mumps vaccines. The coverage rate of the vaccine and other vaccines in Iran was the best compared to other countries. This represents the widespread activity of health care systems of the country in the field of vaccination and tireless efforts of healthcare workers and health centers.
文摘From February 18-21, 2014, a panel of experts, which was established by a resolution of the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draft exemplary strategies and implementation measures for eradicating violence against children in crime prevention and criminal judicature, convened in Bangkok, Thailand, for an intergovernmental experts meeting mainly to discuss the draft. After general discussion, delib- eration by the presidium and detailed negotiations, the meeting produced the report, ＂Exemplary Strategies and Implementation Measures for Eradicating Violence Against Children in Crime Prevention and Criminal Judicature.＂
文摘Preface The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognised as a major threat to global health. The United Nations' Sustain-able Development Goals (SDG) do not explicitly address AMR, but many of the targets within the goals depend on effective therapy for infectious diseases. Notably, these include targets 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.8, relating to the reduc-tion of early life mortality, eradicating ongoing epidemics including AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, and achieving universal health coverage, as well as targets relating to pov-erty, malnourishment, and education (1)The World Health Organization (WHO) recognised the outstanding importance of AMR by passing a Global Action Plan in 2015 and declar-ing AMR a global priority (2)However, the WHO Global Action Plan on AMR mentions children only twice and to date includes no specific objectives or action points focusing on child health.
