以CNKI数据库收录的1 382篇高校健美操相关文献和美国科学情报所(ISI)的Web of Science数据库所收录的63篇高校健美操相关文献为样本,通过使用网络引文分析工具CiteSpaceⅡ对其进行可视化分析,绘制出高校健美操研究的知识图谱,对国内外...以CNKI数据库收录的1 382篇高校健美操相关文献和美国科学情报所(ISI)的Web of Science数据库所收录的63篇高校健美操相关文献为样本,通过使用网络引文分析工具CiteSpaceⅡ对其进行可视化分析,绘制出高校健美操研究的知识图谱,对国内外高校健美操的研究领域、思路、热点等进行了分析。分析表明,高校健美操研究领域蓬勃发展,理论来源广泛;研究路径朝着多元融合的方向发展;研究热点集中体现在教学模式改革、多媒体技术应用、对女大学生的影响、生理机能、运动训练等方面。展开更多
As one of the largest Phanerozoic orogens in the world,the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is a natural laboratory for studies of continental dynamics and metallogenesis.This paper summarizes the research progresses ...As one of the largest Phanerozoic orogens in the world,the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is a natural laboratory for studies of continental dynamics and metallogenesis.This paper summarizes the research progresses of the accretionary processes and metallogenesis of the CAOB since the Peopled Republic of China was founded,and puts forward the prospect for future research.During the early period(1950s-1970s),several geological theories were applied to explain the geological evolution of Central Asia.In the early period of China's reform and opening-up,the plate tectonics theory was applied to explain the evolution of the northern Xinjiang and Xingmeng regions,and the opinion of subduction-collision between Siberian Kazakhstan and China-North Korea-Tarim plates was proposed.The idea of the Solonker-Yanbian suture zone was established.In the 1990s,the study of the CAOB entered a period of rapid development.One school of scholars including geologists from the former Soviet Union proposed a multi-block collision model for the assemblage of the CAOB.In contrast,another school of scholars,led by a Turkish geologist,Celal Sengor,proposed that the Altaids was formed through the growth and strike-slip duplicates of a single island arc,and pointed out that the Altaids is a special type of collisional orogen.During this period,Chinese geologists carried out a lot of pioneering researches on ophiolites and high-pressure metamorphic rocks in northern China,and confirmed the main suture zones accordingly.In 1999,the concept of"Central Asian metallogenic domain"was proposed,and it became one of the three major metallogenic domains in the world.Since the 21st century,given the importance for understanding continental accretion and metallogenic mechanism,the CAOB has become the international academic forefront.China has laid out a series of scientific research projects in Central Asia.A large number of important scientific research achievements have been spawned,including the tectonic attribution of micro-continents,timing and t展开更多
为全面了解国际图书情报学数据挖掘领域的研究热点和前沿趋势,以Web of Science数据库收录的2007-2016年数据领域的文献数据为研究对象,通过CiteSpace软件,结合文献计量学和可视化方法,从年度分布、期刊分布、研究力量分布、重要文献、...为全面了解国际图书情报学数据挖掘领域的研究热点和前沿趋势,以Web of Science数据库收录的2007-2016年数据领域的文献数据为研究对象,通过CiteSpace软件,结合文献计量学和可视化方法,从年度分布、期刊分布、研究力量分布、重要文献、研究热点以及前沿等方面进行分析。研究发现,国际数据挖掘研究出现了网络与计算机技术、数据挖掘方法、数据挖掘与管理、数据挖掘与应用四大聚类。研究前沿探测出3个发展时期,每个时期的热点都有特色。根据上述研究绘制该领域知识图谱,对国际数据挖掘的研究现状和发展趋势进行分析和总结,为我国数据挖掘研究提供参考。展开更多
We give definitions on increasing, constant and decreasing returns to scale under the generalized data envelopment analysis (GDEA) model. The GDEA model prossesses cone structures for describing evaluators’ preferenc...We give definitions on increasing, constant and decreasing returns to scale under the generalized data envelopment analysis (GDEA) model. The GDEA model prossesses cone structures for describing evaluators’ preferences toward different decision making units (DMU) and toward different input / output categories. The GDEA model contains many important DEA models as its subclasses. Based upon the definition, we discuss and rigorously prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for a DMU to have increasing, constant and decreasing returns to scale under a GDEA model, and discuss and clarify the differences and relationships of these conditions under different subclasses of the GDEA model. Furthermore, we describe a method based on a two-stage linear program to test returns to scale properties.展开更多
This review highlights recent progresses in seed germination and dormancy research.Research on the weakening of the endosperm during germination,which is almost a classic theme in seed biology,was resumed byα-xylosid...This review highlights recent progresses in seed germination and dormancy research.Research on the weakening of the endosperm during germination,which is almost a classic theme in seed biology,was resumed byα-xylosidase studies.Strong genetic evidence was presented to suggest that the quality control of xyloglucan biosynthesis in the endosperm(and the embryo)plays a critical role in germination.Further analyses on the endosperm and the adjace nt layers have suggested that the cutin coat in the endosperm-testa interphase negatively affects germination while the en dosperm-embryo in terphase produces a sheath that facilitates germination.These progresses significantly advanced our understanding of seed germination mechanisms.A breakthrough in dormancy research,on the other hand,revealed the unique abscisic acid signaling pathway that is regulated by DELAY OF GERMINATION1(DOG1).The detailed analysis of DOC1 expression uncovered the intriguing story of reciprocal regulation of the sensean tisense pair,which gen erated new questions.Recent studies also suggested that the DOG1 function is not limited to dormancy but extended through general seed maturation,which provokes questions about the evolution of DOG1 family proteins.Seed biology is becoming more exciting with the classic stories being revitalized and new puzzles emerging from the frontier.展开更多
Plants have evolved multiple defense strategies to cope with pathogens, among which plant immune signaling that relies on cell-surface localized and intracellular receptors takes fundamental roles. Exciting breakthrou...Plants have evolved multiple defense strategies to cope with pathogens, among which plant immune signaling that relies on cell-surface localized and intracellular receptors takes fundamental roles. Exciting breakthroughs were made recently on the signaling mechanisms of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding site(NBS) and leucine-rich repeat(LRR)domain receptors(NLRs). This review summarizes the current view of PRRs activation, emphasizing the most recent discoveries about PRRs’ dynamic regulation and signaling mechanisms directly leading to downstream molecular events including mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) activation and calcium(Ca2+) burst. Plants also have evolved intracellular NLRs to perceive the presence of specific pathogen effectors and trigger more robust immune responses. We also discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms of NLR activation, which has been greatly advanced by recent breakthroughs including structures of the first full-length plant NLR complex, findings of NLR sensor-helper pairs and novel biochemical activity of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor(TIR) domain.展开更多
This review introduces the history and present status of data envelopment analysis (DEA) research, particularly the evaluation process. And extensions of some DEA models are also described. It is pointed out thatmathe...This review introduces the history and present status of data envelopment analysis (DEA) research, particularly the evaluation process. And extensions of some DEA models are also described. It is pointed out thatmathematics, economics and management science are themain forces in the DEA development, optimization provides the fundamental method for the DEA research, and the wide range of applications enforces the rapid development ofDEA.展开更多
The Materials Genome Initiative(MGI)advanced a new paradigm for materials discovery and design,namely that the pace of new materials deployment could be accelerated through complementary efforts in theory,computation,...The Materials Genome Initiative(MGI)advanced a new paradigm for materials discovery and design,namely that the pace of new materials deployment could be accelerated through complementary efforts in theory,computation,and experiment.Along with numerous successes,new challenges are inviting researchers to refocus the efforts and approaches that were originally inspired by the MGI.In May 2017,the National Science Foundation sponsored the workshop“Advancing and Accelerating Materials Innovation Through the Synergistic Interaction among Computation,Experiment,and Theory:Opening New Frontiers”to review accomplishments that emerged from investments in science and infrastructure under the MGI,identify scientific opportunities in this new environment,examine how to effectively utilize new materials innovation infrastructure,and discuss challenges in achieving accelerated materials research through the seamless integration of experiment,computation,and theory.This article summarizes key findings from the workshop and provides perspectives that aim to guide the direction of future materials research and its translation into societal impacts.展开更多
文摘以CNKI数据库收录的1 382篇高校健美操相关文献和美国科学情报所(ISI)的Web of Science数据库所收录的63篇高校健美操相关文献为样本,通过使用网络引文分析工具CiteSpaceⅡ对其进行可视化分析,绘制出高校健美操研究的知识图谱,对国内外高校健美操的研究领域、思路、热点等进行了分析。分析表明,高校健美操研究领域蓬勃发展,理论来源广泛;研究路径朝着多元融合的方向发展;研究热点集中体现在教学模式改革、多媒体技术应用、对女大学生的影响、生理机能、运动训练等方面。
基金supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0601201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41888101, 41730210, 41672219)the IGCP662 Project
文摘As one of the largest Phanerozoic orogens in the world,the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is a natural laboratory for studies of continental dynamics and metallogenesis.This paper summarizes the research progresses of the accretionary processes and metallogenesis of the CAOB since the Peopled Republic of China was founded,and puts forward the prospect for future research.During the early period(1950s-1970s),several geological theories were applied to explain the geological evolution of Central Asia.In the early period of China's reform and opening-up,the plate tectonics theory was applied to explain the evolution of the northern Xinjiang and Xingmeng regions,and the opinion of subduction-collision between Siberian Kazakhstan and China-North Korea-Tarim plates was proposed.The idea of the Solonker-Yanbian suture zone was established.In the 1990s,the study of the CAOB entered a period of rapid development.One school of scholars including geologists from the former Soviet Union proposed a multi-block collision model for the assemblage of the CAOB.In contrast,another school of scholars,led by a Turkish geologist,Celal Sengor,proposed that the Altaids was formed through the growth and strike-slip duplicates of a single island arc,and pointed out that the Altaids is a special type of collisional orogen.During this period,Chinese geologists carried out a lot of pioneering researches on ophiolites and high-pressure metamorphic rocks in northern China,and confirmed the main suture zones accordingly.In 1999,the concept of"Central Asian metallogenic domain"was proposed,and it became one of the three major metallogenic domains in the world.Since the 21st century,given the importance for understanding continental accretion and metallogenic mechanism,the CAOB has become the international academic forefront.China has laid out a series of scientific research projects in Central Asia.A large number of important scientific research achievements have been spawned,including the tectonic attribution of micro-continents,timing and t
文摘为全面了解国际图书情报学数据挖掘领域的研究热点和前沿趋势,以Web of Science数据库收录的2007-2016年数据领域的文献数据为研究对象,通过CiteSpace软件,结合文献计量学和可视化方法,从年度分布、期刊分布、研究力量分布、重要文献、研究热点以及前沿等方面进行分析。研究发现,国际数据挖掘研究出现了网络与计算机技术、数据挖掘方法、数据挖掘与管理、数据挖掘与应用四大聚类。研究前沿探测出3个发展时期,每个时期的热点都有特色。根据上述研究绘制该领域知识图谱,对国际数据挖掘的研究现状和发展趋势进行分析和总结,为我国数据挖掘研究提供参考。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘We give definitions on increasing, constant and decreasing returns to scale under the generalized data envelopment analysis (GDEA) model. The GDEA model prossesses cone structures for describing evaluators’ preferences toward different decision making units (DMU) and toward different input / output categories. The GDEA model contains many important DEA models as its subclasses. Based upon the definition, we discuss and rigorously prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for a DMU to have increasing, constant and decreasing returns to scale under a GDEA model, and discuss and clarify the differences and relationships of these conditions under different subclasses of the GDEA model. Furthermore, we describe a method based on a two-stage linear program to test returns to scale properties.
文摘This review highlights recent progresses in seed germination and dormancy research.Research on the weakening of the endosperm during germination,which is almost a classic theme in seed biology,was resumed byα-xylosidase studies.Strong genetic evidence was presented to suggest that the quality control of xyloglucan biosynthesis in the endosperm(and the embryo)plays a critical role in germination.Further analyses on the endosperm and the adjace nt layers have suggested that the cutin coat in the endosperm-testa interphase negatively affects germination while the en dosperm-embryo in terphase produces a sheath that facilitates germination.These progresses significantly advanced our understanding of seed germination mechanisms.A breakthrough in dormancy research,on the other hand,revealed the unique abscisic acid signaling pathway that is regulated by DELAY OF GERMINATION1(DOG1).The detailed analysis of DOC1 expression uncovered the intriguing story of reciprocal regulation of the sensean tisense pair,which gen erated new questions.Recent studies also suggested that the DOG1 function is not limited to dormancy but extended through general seed maturation,which provokes questions about the evolution of DOG1 family proteins.Seed biology is becoming more exciting with the classic stories being revitalized and new puzzles emerging from the frontier.
基金supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31830077 and 31761133017) to D.T
文摘Plants have evolved multiple defense strategies to cope with pathogens, among which plant immune signaling that relies on cell-surface localized and intracellular receptors takes fundamental roles. Exciting breakthroughs were made recently on the signaling mechanisms of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding site(NBS) and leucine-rich repeat(LRR)domain receptors(NLRs). This review summarizes the current view of PRRs activation, emphasizing the most recent discoveries about PRRs’ dynamic regulation and signaling mechanisms directly leading to downstream molecular events including mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) activation and calcium(Ca2+) burst. Plants also have evolved intracellular NLRs to perceive the presence of specific pathogen effectors and trigger more robust immune responses. We also discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms of NLR activation, which has been greatly advanced by recent breakthroughs including structures of the first full-length plant NLR complex, findings of NLR sensor-helper pairs and novel biochemical activity of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor(TIR) domain.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19771087).
文摘This review introduces the history and present status of data envelopment analysis (DEA) research, particularly the evaluation process. And extensions of some DEA models are also described. It is pointed out thatmathematics, economics and management science are themain forces in the DEA development, optimization provides the fundamental method for the DEA research, and the wide range of applications enforces the rapid development ofDEA.
文摘The Materials Genome Initiative(MGI)advanced a new paradigm for materials discovery and design,namely that the pace of new materials deployment could be accelerated through complementary efforts in theory,computation,and experiment.Along with numerous successes,new challenges are inviting researchers to refocus the efforts and approaches that were originally inspired by the MGI.In May 2017,the National Science Foundation sponsored the workshop“Advancing and Accelerating Materials Innovation Through the Synergistic Interaction among Computation,Experiment,and Theory:Opening New Frontiers”to review accomplishments that emerged from investments in science and infrastructure under the MGI,identify scientific opportunities in this new environment,examine how to effectively utilize new materials innovation infrastructure,and discuss challenges in achieving accelerated materials research through the seamless integration of experiment,computation,and theory.This article summarizes key findings from the workshop and provides perspectives that aim to guide the direction of future materials research and its translation into societal impacts.
