With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society...With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage: AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.展开更多
The Internet based cyber-physical world has profoundly changed the information environment for the development of artificial intelligence(AI), bringing a new wave of AI research and promoting it into the new era of AI...The Internet based cyber-physical world has profoundly changed the information environment for the development of artificial intelligence(AI), bringing a new wave of AI research and promoting it into the new era of AI 2.0. As one of the most prominent characteristics of research in AI 2.0 era, crowd intelligence has attracted much attention from both industry and research communities. Specifically, crowd intelligence provides a novel problem-solving paradigm through gathering the intelligence of crowds to address challenges. In particular, due to the rapid development of the sharing economy, crowd intelligence not only becomes a new approach to solving scientific challenges, but has also been integrated into all kinds of application scenarios in daily life, e.g., online-tooffline(O2O) application, real-time traffic monitoring, and logistics management. In this paper, we survey existing studies of crowd intelligence. First, we describe the concept of crowd intelligence, and explain its relationship to the existing related concepts, e.g., crowdsourcing and human computation. Then, we introduce four categories of representative crowd intelligence platforms. We summarize three core research problems and the state-of-the-art techniques of crowd intelligence. Finally, we discuss promising future research directions of crowd intelligence.展开更多
作为开放式创新范式中的研究路径之一,用户参与创新主要研究企业如何在开发新知识或新创意时与用户进行合作。随着国家战略与政策实施将大众创新驱动作为研究与实践的基本导向,创新管理演进系统进入创新2.0、创业民主化的大众创新模式...作为开放式创新范式中的研究路径之一,用户参与创新主要研究企业如何在开发新知识或新创意时与用户进行合作。随着国家战略与政策实施将大众创新驱动作为研究与实践的基本导向,创新管理演进系统进入创新2.0、创业民主化的大众创新模式时代。国内外的苹果、P&G、默克、海尔、腾讯等,越来越多的组织以众创模式帮助解决企业最棘手的创新及问题研究。本文先以Web of Knowledge的SSCI数据库为数据来源,进行众创式创新相关主题搜索,通过文献的阅读与梳理,系统归纳了众创式创新的源起、内涵与归因,然后以众创式创新的本质——知识创新为起点与核心,延伸到知识识别、知识创造与知识转化三个维度,建立关于众创式创新的认知性框架,并结合P&G和海尔的众创实践予以论证。使我们对众创式创新有一个系统性认识,为进一步的理论创新与实证研究奠定了基础。展开更多
文摘With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage: AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61532004)
文摘The Internet based cyber-physical world has profoundly changed the information environment for the development of artificial intelligence(AI), bringing a new wave of AI research and promoting it into the new era of AI 2.0. As one of the most prominent characteristics of research in AI 2.0 era, crowd intelligence has attracted much attention from both industry and research communities. Specifically, crowd intelligence provides a novel problem-solving paradigm through gathering the intelligence of crowds to address challenges. In particular, due to the rapid development of the sharing economy, crowd intelligence not only becomes a new approach to solving scientific challenges, but has also been integrated into all kinds of application scenarios in daily life, e.g., online-tooffline(O2O) application, real-time traffic monitoring, and logistics management. In this paper, we survey existing studies of crowd intelligence. First, we describe the concept of crowd intelligence, and explain its relationship to the existing related concepts, e.g., crowdsourcing and human computation. Then, we introduce four categories of representative crowd intelligence platforms. We summarize three core research problems and the state-of-the-art techniques of crowd intelligence. Finally, we discuss promising future research directions of crowd intelligence.
文摘作为开放式创新范式中的研究路径之一,用户参与创新主要研究企业如何在开发新知识或新创意时与用户进行合作。随着国家战略与政策实施将大众创新驱动作为研究与实践的基本导向,创新管理演进系统进入创新2.0、创业民主化的大众创新模式时代。国内外的苹果、P&G、默克、海尔、腾讯等,越来越多的组织以众创模式帮助解决企业最棘手的创新及问题研究。本文先以Web of Knowledge的SSCI数据库为数据来源,进行众创式创新相关主题搜索,通过文献的阅读与梳理,系统归纳了众创式创新的源起、内涵与归因,然后以众创式创新的本质——知识创新为起点与核心,延伸到知识识别、知识创造与知识转化三个维度,建立关于众创式创新的认知性框架,并结合P&G和海尔的众创实践予以论证。使我们对众创式创新有一个系统性认识,为进一步的理论创新与实证研究奠定了基础。