Background：The location of facial port-wine stain （PWS） may be helpful for predicting some associated anomalies;high glaucoma incidence is found in patients with eyes close to PWS-affected areas （V1,ophthalmic bra...Background：The location of facial port-wine stain （PWS） may be helpful for predicting some associated anomalies;high glaucoma incidence is found in patients with eyes close to PWS-affected areas （V1,ophthalmic branch area of the trigeminal nerve）.This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of glaucoma in V1-affected PWS.Methods：A total of 569 patients with V1 area-affected PWS were reviewed in the study.The large series was based on the referral system between the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Ophthalmology.All patients were screened for glaucoma with assessments of intraocular pressure,cup-to-disc ratio,comeal diameter （only for infants）,and axial length.Results：Of the 569 patients,110 （19.3%） patients had glaucoma.Among the patients,18.1% （76/420） had early-onset glaucoma （under 4-year-old group）.In the 4 to 18-year-old age group,29.3% （29/99） of the patients had glaucoma.Compared with right lateral and bilateral PWS,left-sided PWS had a lower risk of glaucoma in this study （odds ratio =0.432 [95% confidence interval,0.264-0.706],P =0.01）.The under 4-year-old group showed a slight predominance of males （61.8%） in glaucoma.Conclusions：High glaucoma incidence was observed in patients with eyes close to PWS.More attention should be paid to glaucoma screening for right lateral and bilateral PWS patients.The predominance of males in Sturge-Weber syndrome （SWS） early-onset glaucoma patients might be due to the limitation of the case number;however,it might also provide us a new clue of potential relationship between SWS and PCG.展开更多
Sturge–Weber syndrome(SWS)is a rare congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the simultaneous presence of both cutaneous and extracutaneous capillary malformations.SWS usually presents as a facial port-win...Sturge–Weber syndrome(SWS)is a rare congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the simultaneous presence of both cutaneous and extracutaneous capillary malformations.SWS usually presents as a facial port-wine birthmark,with a varying presence of leptomeningeal capillary malformations and ocular vascular abnormalities.The latter may lead to significant neurological and ocular morbidity such as epilepsy and glaucoma.SWS is most often caused by a somatic mutation involving the G protein subunit alpha Q or G protein subunit alpha 11 gene causing various alterations in downstream signaling pathways.We specifically conducted a comprehensive review focusing on the current knowledge of clinical practices,the latest pathophysiological insights,and the potential novel therapeutic avenues they provide.Data sources A narrative,non-systematic review of the literature was conducted,combining expert opinion with a balanced review of the available literature.A search of PubMed,Google Scholar and Embase was conducted,using keywords“Sturge–Weber Syndrome”OR“SWS”,“Capillary malformations”,“G protein subunit alpha 11”OR“G protein subunit alpha Q”.Results One of the hallmark features of SWS is the presence of a port-wine birthmark at birth,and forehead involvement is most indicative for SWS.The most common ocular manifestations of SWS are glaucoma and choroidal hemangioma.Glaucoma presents in either in infancy(0–3 years of age)or later in life.Neurological complications are common in SWS,occurring in about 70%–80%of patients,with seizures being the most common one.SWS significantly impacts the quality of life for patients and their families,and requires a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and treatment.Currently,no disease-modifying therapies exist,and treatment is mostly focused on symptoms or complications as they arise.Conclusions SWS remains a complex and heterogeneous disorder.Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies,and to translate insights from mo展开更多
Repackaging brings serious threats to Android ecosystem.Software birthmark techniques are typically applied to detect repackaged apps.Birthmarks based on apps'runtime graphical user interfaces(GUI)are effective,es...Repackaging brings serious threats to Android ecosystem.Software birthmark techniques are typically applied to detect repackaged apps.Birthmarks based on apps'runtime graphical user interfaces(GUI)are effective,especially for obfuscated or encrypted apps.However,existing studies are time-consuming and not suitable for handling apps in large scale.In this paper,we propose an effective yet efficient dynamic GUI birthmark for Android apps.Briefly,we run an app with automatically generated GUI events and dump its layout after each event.We divide each dumped layout into a grid,count in each grid cell the vertices of boundary rectangles corresponding to widgets within the layout,and generate a feature vector to encode the layout.Similar layouts are merged at runtime,and finally we obtain a graph as the birthmark of the app.Given a pair of apps to be compared,we build a weighted bipartite graph from their birthmarks and apply a modified version of the maximum-weight-bipartite-matching algorithm to determine whether they form a repackaging pair(RP)or not.We implement the proposed technique in a prototype,GridDroid,and apply it to detect RPs in three datasets involving 527 apks.GridDroid reports only six false negatives and seven false positives,and it takes GridDroid merely 20 microseconds on average to compare a pair of birthmarks.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation （No. 81670845） and the Research Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee （No. 14411960600）.
文摘Background：The location of facial port-wine stain （PWS） may be helpful for predicting some associated anomalies;high glaucoma incidence is found in patients with eyes close to PWS-affected areas （V1,ophthalmic branch area of the trigeminal nerve）.This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of glaucoma in V1-affected PWS.Methods：A total of 569 patients with V1 area-affected PWS were reviewed in the study.The large series was based on the referral system between the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Ophthalmology.All patients were screened for glaucoma with assessments of intraocular pressure,cup-to-disc ratio,comeal diameter （only for infants）,and axial length.Results：Of the 569 patients,110 （19.3%） patients had glaucoma.Among the patients,18.1% （76/420） had early-onset glaucoma （under 4-year-old group）.In the 4 to 18-year-old age group,29.3% （29/99） of the patients had glaucoma.Compared with right lateral and bilateral PWS,left-sided PWS had a lower risk of glaucoma in this study （odds ratio =0.432 [95% confidence interval,0.264-0.706],P =0.01）.The under 4-year-old group showed a slight predominance of males （61.8%） in glaucoma.Conclusions：High glaucoma incidence was observed in patients with eyes close to PWS.More attention should be paid to glaucoma screening for right lateral and bilateral PWS patients.The predominance of males in Sturge-Weber syndrome （SWS） early-onset glaucoma patients might be due to the limitation of the case number;however,it might also provide us a new clue of potential relationship between SWS and PCG.
文摘Sturge–Weber syndrome(SWS)is a rare congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the simultaneous presence of both cutaneous and extracutaneous capillary malformations.SWS usually presents as a facial port-wine birthmark,with a varying presence of leptomeningeal capillary malformations and ocular vascular abnormalities.The latter may lead to significant neurological and ocular morbidity such as epilepsy and glaucoma.SWS is most often caused by a somatic mutation involving the G protein subunit alpha Q or G protein subunit alpha 11 gene causing various alterations in downstream signaling pathways.We specifically conducted a comprehensive review focusing on the current knowledge of clinical practices,the latest pathophysiological insights,and the potential novel therapeutic avenues they provide.Data sources A narrative,non-systematic review of the literature was conducted,combining expert opinion with a balanced review of the available literature.A search of PubMed,Google Scholar and Embase was conducted,using keywords“Sturge–Weber Syndrome”OR“SWS”,“Capillary malformations”,“G protein subunit alpha 11”OR“G protein subunit alpha Q”.Results One of the hallmark features of SWS is the presence of a port-wine birthmark at birth,and forehead involvement is most indicative for SWS.The most common ocular manifestations of SWS are glaucoma and choroidal hemangioma.Glaucoma presents in either in infancy(0–3 years of age)or later in life.Neurological complications are common in SWS,occurring in about 70%–80%of patients,with seizures being the most common one.SWS significantly impacts the quality of life for patients and their families,and requires a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and treatment.Currently,no disease-modifying therapies exist,and treatment is mostly focused on symptoms or complications as they arise.Conclusions SWS remains a complex and heterogeneous disorder.Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies,and to translate insights from mo
基金supported by the Leading-Edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.BK20202001the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61932021.
文摘Repackaging brings serious threats to Android ecosystem.Software birthmark techniques are typically applied to detect repackaged apps.Birthmarks based on apps'runtime graphical user interfaces(GUI)are effective,especially for obfuscated or encrypted apps.However,existing studies are time-consuming and not suitable for handling apps in large scale.In this paper,we propose an effective yet efficient dynamic GUI birthmark for Android apps.Briefly,we run an app with automatically generated GUI events and dump its layout after each event.We divide each dumped layout into a grid,count in each grid cell the vertices of boundary rectangles corresponding to widgets within the layout,and generate a feature vector to encode the layout.Similar layouts are merged at runtime,and finally we obtain a graph as the birthmark of the app.Given a pair of apps to be compared,we build a weighted bipartite graph from their birthmarks and apply a modified version of the maximum-weight-bipartite-matching algorithm to determine whether they form a repackaging pair(RP)or not.We implement the proposed technique in a prototype,GridDroid,and apply it to detect RPs in three datasets involving 527 apks.GridDroid reports only six false negatives and seven false positives,and it takes GridDroid merely 20 microseconds on average to compare a pair of birthmarks.
