Eco-compensation is an environmental economic instrument for internalization of external cost. Returning farmland to lake is one of the important parts of restoring wetland ecosystem function in the Yangtze River Vall...Eco-compensation is an environmental economic instrument for internalization of external cost. Returning farmland to lake is one of the important parts of restoring wetland ecosystem function in the Yangtze River Valley of China. Whether the project of lake recovery can be successful depends on the compensation to the farmers who have lost their original benefits and contributed to the wetland ecosystem recovery by returning farmland to lake. Aiming at the wetland recovery of the Dongting Lake, the practical implementation of pro- grams of the lake recovery and flood control in this area has been challenged by the heavy task of population resettlement, so it is an ideal area for case studies to reach the academic objectives proposed as the above. Based on field survey and experimentation, this research evaluated the benefit losses of the resettled farmers and the increased values of ecosystem service functions caused by wetland recovery, and furthermore, the value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers was calculated by considering the combination of the farmers＇ compensation appeal. The value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers in the Dongting Lake area was 6084.5 yuan per household by synthetic analysis of the effects on wetland ecosystem restoration. Moreover, this article took Dongting Lake area as a case to study and explore the basic issues of the eco-compensation by returning farmland to lake, that was who should pay, who should be paid, how much the payment was and what the payment means was, which sought the mechanisms of wetland restoration eco-compensation and prompted the people＇s enthusiasms for ecological restoration.展开更多
叶大小-叶脉密度的权衡关系是植物叶经济谱理论的基础,对理解资源竞争条件下植物叶片的物理构建与生理代谢的关系具有重要的意义。该文采用标准化主轴估计(standardized major axis estimation,SMA)的方法,按芨芨草(Achnatherum splende...叶大小-叶脉密度的权衡关系是植物叶经济谱理论的基础,对理解资源竞争条件下植物叶片的物理构建与生理代谢的关系具有重要的意义。该文采用标准化主轴估计(standardized major axis estimation,SMA)的方法,按芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)株丛密度设置I(>12丛·m^(–2))、II(8–12丛·m^(–2))、III(4–8丛·m^(–2))和IV(<4丛·m^(–2))4个密度梯度,以叶面积和叶干质量分别表示叶大小,对张掖洪泛平原湿地不同密度条件下芨芨草种群的叶大小和叶脉密度的关系进行研究。结果表明:随着芨芨草株丛密度的降低,湿地群落的土壤含水量逐渐减小、土壤电导率逐渐增加,芨芨草的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和分枝数呈先增大后减小的趋势,叶面积、叶干质量、比叶面积和株高呈逐渐减小趋势、光合有效辐射(PAR)和叶脉密度呈逐渐增加趋势;芨芨草叶大小和叶脉密度在高密度(I)和低密度(IV)样地均呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.01),中密度(II、III)样地二者呈显著负相关关系(p<0.05);叶大小和叶脉密度回归方程的SMA斜率在不同密度样地均显著小于–1(p<0.05),即芨芨草叶大小和叶脉密度呈"此消彼长"的权衡关系。在高密度湿地群落芨芨草倾向于大叶片低叶脉密度的叶片构建模式,在低密度湿地群落选择小叶片高叶脉密度的异速生长模式,体现了密度制约下湿地植物的生物量分配格局和资源利用对策。展开更多
基金Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province, No.09YBA003 Science ＆ Technology Research Project of Hunan Province, No.2009JT3005+2 种基金 Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-SW-415 Foundation of Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Wetland Project of WWF
文摘Eco-compensation is an environmental economic instrument for internalization of external cost. Returning farmland to lake is one of the important parts of restoring wetland ecosystem function in the Yangtze River Valley of China. Whether the project of lake recovery can be successful depends on the compensation to the farmers who have lost their original benefits and contributed to the wetland ecosystem recovery by returning farmland to lake. Aiming at the wetland recovery of the Dongting Lake, the practical implementation of pro- grams of the lake recovery and flood control in this area has been challenged by the heavy task of population resettlement, so it is an ideal area for case studies to reach the academic objectives proposed as the above. Based on field survey and experimentation, this research evaluated the benefit losses of the resettled farmers and the increased values of ecosystem service functions caused by wetland recovery, and furthermore, the value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers was calculated by considering the combination of the farmers＇ compensation appeal. The value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers in the Dongting Lake area was 6084.5 yuan per household by synthetic analysis of the effects on wetland ecosystem restoration. Moreover, this article took Dongting Lake area as a case to study and explore the basic issues of the eco-compensation by returning farmland to lake, that was who should pay, who should be paid, how much the payment was and what the payment means was, which sought the mechanisms of wetland restoration eco-compensation and prompted the people＇s enthusiasms for ecological restoration.
文摘叶大小-叶脉密度的权衡关系是植物叶经济谱理论的基础,对理解资源竞争条件下植物叶片的物理构建与生理代谢的关系具有重要的意义。该文采用标准化主轴估计(standardized major axis estimation,SMA)的方法,按芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)株丛密度设置I(>12丛·m^(–2))、II(8–12丛·m^(–2))、III(4–8丛·m^(–2))和IV(<4丛·m^(–2))4个密度梯度,以叶面积和叶干质量分别表示叶大小,对张掖洪泛平原湿地不同密度条件下芨芨草种群的叶大小和叶脉密度的关系进行研究。结果表明:随着芨芨草株丛密度的降低,湿地群落的土壤含水量逐渐减小、土壤电导率逐渐增加,芨芨草的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和分枝数呈先增大后减小的趋势,叶面积、叶干质量、比叶面积和株高呈逐渐减小趋势、光合有效辐射(PAR)和叶脉密度呈逐渐增加趋势;芨芨草叶大小和叶脉密度在高密度(I)和低密度(IV)样地均呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.01),中密度(II、III)样地二者呈显著负相关关系(p<0.05);叶大小和叶脉密度回归方程的SMA斜率在不同密度样地均显著小于–1(p<0.05),即芨芨草叶大小和叶脉密度呈"此消彼长"的权衡关系。在高密度湿地群落芨芨草倾向于大叶片低叶脉密度的叶片构建模式,在低密度湿地群落选择小叶片高叶脉密度的异速生长模式,体现了密度制约下湿地植物的生物量分配格局和资源利用对策。
