The influence of the tensor interaction of nucleons on the characteristics of neutron-rich silicon and nickel isotopes was studied in this work.Tensor forces are considered within the framework of the Hartree-Fock app...The influence of the tensor interaction of nucleons on the characteristics of neutron-rich silicon and nickel isotopes was studied in this work.Tensor forces are considered within the framework of the Hartree-Fock approach with the Skyrme interaction.The addition of a tensor component of interaction is shown to improve the description of the splittings between different single-particle states and decrease nucleon-nucleon pairing correlations in silicon and nickel nuclei.Special attention was directed toward the role of isovector tensor forces relevant to the interaction of like nucleons.展开更多
The dynamics of two confined colloidal particles is studied by means of Brownian dynamics simulation. The autocorrelation function and cross-correlation function of the two colloidal spheres are computed by utilizing ...The dynamics of two confined colloidal particles is studied by means of Brownian dynamics simulation. The autocorrelation function and cross-correlation function of the two colloidal spheres are computed by utilizing the formulae of hydrodynamic diffusion matrix expanded to different orders, as well as the accurate tensor through numerical algorithm. Furthermore, the numerical results are compared with the experimental results and the theoretical approximation. It is found that the relatively simple theoretical approximation gives good predictions when two spheres are far away from each other, but fails when the two spheres are very close.展开更多
In the framework of the Hartree-Fock approach the proton spin-orbital splittings of the 1p orbits and the shell gaps in the oxygen isotopes are investigated with the interactions SLy5+T,SLy5+Tw,SGII+Te1,SGII+Te2,SGII+...In the framework of the Hartree-Fock approach the proton spin-orbital splittings of the 1p orbits and the shell gaps in the oxygen isotopes are investigated with the interactions SLy5+T,SLy5+Tw,SGII+Te1,SGII+Te2,SGII+Te3 and many sets of the TIJ interactions.All of the interactions are the Skyrme interactions and contain a tensor component(tensor force).It is shown that the evolution of the single-proton levels for the oxygen isotopes is sensitive to a parameterβTwhich is associated with the tensor force strength of the Skyrme interactions.To understand this phenomenon,we systematically analyze the dependence of the spin-orbit splittings and shell gaps on the parameterβTin terms of the spin-orbit potential and the corresponding wave function.We find that the Skyrme interactions can be classified into two groups:(a)T21,T32,T43,T54,SLy5+T,SLy5+Tw,SGII+Te1 and SGII+Te2,which can roughly reproduce the experimental shell gaps of the oxygen isotopes;(b)T1J and SGII+Te3,which can not reproduce the experimental shell gaps.展开更多
We investigate the relativistic equation for particles with spin 1/2 in the q-parameter modified P5schl- Teller potential, including Coulomb-like tensor interaction with spatially-dependent mass for the D-dimension. W...We investigate the relativistic equation for particles with spin 1/2 in the q-parameter modified P5schl- Teller potential, including Coulomb-like tensor interaction with spatially-dependent mass for the D-dimension. We present approximate solutions of the Dirac equation with these potentials for any spin-orbit quantum number k under spin symmetry. The normalized wave functions are expressed in terms of the hyper-geometric series of the scattering states on the k/2π scale. We also give the formula for the phase shifts, and use the Nikiforov-Uvarov method to obtain the energy eigen-values equation.展开更多
The spatially-dependent mass Dirac equation is solved exactly for attractive scalar and repulsive vector Coulomb potentials,including a tensor interaction under the spin and pseudospin symmetric limits.Closed forms of...The spatially-dependent mass Dirac equation is solved exactly for attractive scalar and repulsive vector Coulomb potentials,including a tensor interaction under the spin and pseudospin symmetric limits.Closed forms of the energy eigenvalue equation and wave functions are obtained for arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number κ.Some numerical results are also given,and the effect of tensor interaction on the bound states is presented.It is shown that tensor interaction removes the degeneracy between two states in the spin doublets.We also investigate the effects of the spatially-dependent mass on the bound states under spin symmetric limit conditions in the absence of tensor interaction.展开更多
Using Skyrme’s density dependent interaction the evolution of nuclear shells has been studied in Hartree-Fock formalism. Optimization of the strength of tensor interaction has been done in reproducing the observed sp...Using Skyrme’s density dependent interaction the evolution of nuclear shells has been studied in Hartree-Fock formalism. Optimization of the strength of tensor interaction has been done in reproducing the observed splitting of shell model states of 40,48Ca, 56Ni and 208Pb. Spin-orbit splitting in Ca-isotopes, 56Ni, 90Zr, N = 82 isotones, Sn-isotopes and evolution of gaps in Z, N=8, 20 have been reanalyzed with the inclusion of tensor interaction. For doubly shell closed nuclei it has been observed that tensor interaction is sensitive to spin saturation of nuclear shells.展开更多
The Dirac equation is solved to obtain its approximate bound states for a spin-1/2 particle in the presence of trigonometric Poeschl-Teller （tPT） potential including a Coulomb-like tensor interaction with arbitrary ...The Dirac equation is solved to obtain its approximate bound states for a spin-1/2 particle in the presence of trigonometric Poeschl-Teller （tPT） potential including a Coulomb-like tensor interaction with arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number κ using an approximation scheme to substitute the centrifugal terms κ（κ± i 1）r^-2. In view of spin and pseudo-spin （p-spin） symmetries, the relativistic energy eigenvalues and the corresponding two-component wave functions of a particle moving in the field of attractive and repulsive tPT potentials are obtained using the asymptotic iteration method （AIM）. We present numerical results in the absence and presence of tensor coupling A and for various values of spin and p-spin constants and quantum numbers n and κ. The non-relativistic limit is also obtained.展开更多
The relativistic Dirac equation under spin and pseudo-spin symmetries is investigated for Manning–Rosen plus quasi-Hellman potentials with tensor interaction. For the first time we consider the Hulthen plus Yukawa fo...The relativistic Dirac equation under spin and pseudo-spin symmetries is investigated for Manning–Rosen plus quasi-Hellman potentials with tensor interaction. For the first time we consider the Hulthen plus Yukawa for tensor interaction. The Formula method is used to obtain the energy eigen-values and wave functions. We also discuss about the energy eigen-values and the Dirac spinors for the Manning–Rosen plus quasi-Hellman potentials for the spin and pseudo-spin symmetry with Formula method. To show the accuracy of the present model, some numerical results are shown in both pseudo-spin and spin symmetry limits.展开更多
Approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation in the case of pseudospin and spin symmetry limits are inves- tigated under the Deng-Fan potential by applying the asymptotic iteration method for the arbitrary q...Approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation in the case of pseudospin and spin symmetry limits are inves- tigated under the Deng-Fan potential by applying the asymptotic iteration method for the arbitrary quantum numbers n and ~~. Some of the numerical results are also represented in both pseudospin symmetry and spin symmetry limits.展开更多
A relativistic Mie-type potential for spin-1/2 particles is studied. The Dirac Hamiltonian contains a scalar S（r） and a vector V（r） Mie-type potential in the radial coordinates, as well as a tensor potential U（r...A relativistic Mie-type potential for spin-1/2 particles is studied. The Dirac Hamiltonian contains a scalar S（r） and a vector V（r） Mie-type potential in the radial coordinates, as well as a tensor potential U（r） in the form of Coulomb potential. In the pseudospin（p-spin） symmetry setting Σ = Cps and Δ = V（r）, an analytical solution for exact bound states of the corresponding Dirac equation is found. The eigenenergies and normalized wave functions are presented and particular cases are discussed with any arbitrary spin–orbit coupling number κ. Special attention is devoted to the caseΣ = 0 for which p-spin symmetry is exact. The Laplace transform approach（LTA） is used in our calculations. Some numerical results are obtained and compared with those of other methods.展开更多
Using the Nikiforov-Uvarov （NU） method, pseudospin and spin symmetric solutions of the Dirac equation for the scalar and vector Hulthen potentials with the Yukawa-type tensor potential are obtained for an arbitrary ...Using the Nikiforov-Uvarov （NU） method, pseudospin and spin symmetric solutions of the Dirac equation for the scalar and vector Hulthen potentials with the Yukawa-type tensor potential are obtained for an arbitrary spin-orbit coupling quantum number K. We deduce the energy eigenvalue equations and corresponding upper- and lower-spinor wave functions in both the pseudospin and spin symmetry cases. Numerical results of the energy eigenvalue equations and the upper- and lower-spinor wave functions are presented to show the effects of the external potential and particle mass parameters as well as pseudospin and spin symmetric constants on the bound-state energies and wave functions in the absence and presence of the tensor interaction.展开更多
Magnetic interaction between magnetic particles is of great significance in the fields of magnetic separation and functional materials.A good understanding of interaction mechanism of magnetic particles would further ...Magnetic interaction between magnetic particles is of great significance in the fields of magnetic separation and functional materials.A good understanding of interaction mechanism of magnetic particles would further boost its promising industrial applications.We hereby present our work which visualizes the movement behavior of magnetic spheres in magnetic fields employing high-speed imaging and simulates the dynamic behavior of spheres using an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)based on finite element method.In this paper,we investigated the stress tensor,magnetic force,and dynamic behavior of magnetic spheres in magnetic fields,especially magnetic energy density in different domains.Results show that there are four relatively independent regions of magnetic energy density distribution in external spatial domains of a single sphere system.Attractive force will generate when the energy density in the spatial region between two spheres is relatively high,while a repulsive force will generate when the energy density in the spatial region between two spheres is relatively low.Every magnetic sphere spontaneously moves towards the region with high energy density and stays away from the region with low energy density.The total magnetic energy in magnetic spheres’domains(V_(1))and external spatial domains(V_(2))increases,but the magnetic energy in the external spatial domain decreases over time during the aggregation process.The magnetic spheres ultimately arrange in chain-like structures oriented along magnetic field direction.We hereby proposed a novel and efficient approach to predict the movement trends and final state of magnetic particle swarm from the view of energy density.展开更多
The approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation under spin and pseudospin symmetries are examined using a suitable approximation scheme in the framework of parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method.Because a tenso...The approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation under spin and pseudospin symmetries are examined using a suitable approximation scheme in the framework of parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method.Because a tensor interaction in the Dirac equation removes the energy degeneracy in the spin and pseudospin doublets that leads to atomic stability,we study the Dirac equation with a Hellmann-like tensor potential newly proposed in this study.The newly proposed tensor potential removes the degeneracy from both the spin symmetry and pseudospin symmetry completely.The proposed tensor potential seems better than the Coulomb and Yukawa-like tensor potentials.展开更多
Considering of a tensor interaction in Dirac equation removes the degeneracy in spin and pseudospin doublets and consequently leads to results consistent with the experimental data. Here, instead of the commonly used ...Considering of a tensor interaction in Dirac equation removes the degeneracy in spin and pseudospin doublets and consequently leads to results consistent with the experimental data. Here, instead of the commonly used Coulomb or linear terms, we investigate a tensor interaction of Yukawa form. We obtain arbitrary state solutions of Dirac equation under vector, scalar and tensor Yukawa potentials via a physical approximation and the Nikiforov-Uvarov methodology. The solutions are discussed in detail.展开更多
The gluon and Goldstone boson induced tensor interaction effect on thedibaryon mass and the D-wave decay width has been studied in the quark delocalization, colorscreening model. The effective S-D wave transition inte...The gluon and Goldstone boson induced tensor interaction effect on thedibaryon mass and the D-wave decay width has been studied in the quark delocalization, colorscreening model. The effective S-D wave transition interactions induced by gluon and Goldstone bosonexchanges decrease quickly as the increasing of the channel strangeness. The K and η meson tensorcontribution is negligible in this model. No six-quark state in the light Savor world can become abound one by the help of these tensor interactions except the deuteron. The partial D-wave decaywidth of I J~p = (1/2) 2~+ NΩ state to spin 0, 1 ΛΞ final state is 20.7 keV and 63.1 keVrespectively. It is a very narrow dibaryon resonance and might be detected in the relativistic heavyion reaction by the existing RHIC detectors through the reconstruction of the ΛΞ vertex mass andthe future COMPAS detector at CERN and FAIR project in Germany.展开更多
It is well known that noncentral nuclear forces, such as the spin-orbital coupling and the tensor force, play important roles in understanding many interesting features of nuclear structures. However, their dynamical ...It is well known that noncentral nuclear forces, such as the spin-orbital coupling and the tensor force, play important roles in understanding many interesting features of nuclear structures. However, their dynamical effects in nuclear reactions are poorly known because only the spin-averaged observables are normally studied both experimentally and theoretically. Realizing that spin-sensitive observables in nuclear reactions may convey useful information about the in-medium properties of noncentral nuclear interactions, besides earlier studies using the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach to understand the effects of spin-orbital coupling on the threshold energy and spin polarization in fusion reactions, some efforts have been made recently to explore the dynamical effects of noncentral nuclear forces in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions using transport models. The focus of these studies has been on investigating signatures of the density and isospin dependence of the form factor in the spin-dependent single-nucleon potential. Interestingly, some useful probes were identified in the model studies but so far there are still no data to compare with. In this brief review, we summarize the main physics motivations as well as the recent progress in understanding the spin dynamics and identifying spin-sensitive observables in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies. We hope the interesting, important, and new physics potentials identified in the spin dynamics of heavy-ion collisions will stimulate more experimental work in this direction.展开更多
基金the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University's"Fundamental and Applied Space Research."Sidorov S.V.expresses his gratitude for the support provided by the Foundation for the Development of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics"BASIS."。
文摘The influence of the tensor interaction of nucleons on the characteristics of neutron-rich silicon and nickel isotopes was studied in this work.Tensor forces are considered within the framework of the Hartree-Fock approach with the Skyrme interaction.The addition of a tensor component of interaction is shown to improve the description of the splittings between different single-particle states and decrease nucleon-nucleon pairing correlations in silicon and nickel nuclei.Special attention was directed toward the role of isovector tensor forces relevant to the interaction of like nucleons.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10174041 and 10334020）.
文摘The dynamics of two confined colloidal particles is studied by means of Brownian dynamics simulation. The autocorrelation function and cross-correlation function of the two colloidal spheres are computed by utilizing the formulae of hydrodynamic diffusion matrix expanded to different orders, as well as the accurate tensor through numerical algorithm. Furthermore, the numerical results are compared with the experimental results and the theoretical approximation. It is found that the relatively simple theoretical approximation gives good predictions when two spheres are far away from each other, but fails when the two spheres are very close.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.13QN59)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11275271 and 11305109)+1 种基金the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(Grant No.11021504)the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province of China(Grant No.2013GZ62432)
文摘In the framework of the Hartree-Fock approach the proton spin-orbital splittings of the 1p orbits and the shell gaps in the oxygen isotopes are investigated with the interactions SLy5+T,SLy5+Tw,SGII+Te1,SGII+Te2,SGII+Te3 and many sets of the TIJ interactions.All of the interactions are the Skyrme interactions and contain a tensor component(tensor force).It is shown that the evolution of the single-proton levels for the oxygen isotopes is sensitive to a parameterβTwhich is associated with the tensor force strength of the Skyrme interactions.To understand this phenomenon,we systematically analyze the dependence of the spin-orbit splittings and shell gaps on the parameterβTin terms of the spin-orbit potential and the corresponding wave function.We find that the Skyrme interactions can be classified into two groups:(a)T21,T32,T43,T54,SLy5+T,SLy5+Tw,SGII+Te1 and SGII+Te2,which can roughly reproduce the experimental shell gaps of the oxygen isotopes;(b)T1J and SGII+Te3,which can not reproduce the experimental shell gaps.
文摘We investigate the relativistic equation for particles with spin 1/2 in the q-parameter modified P5schl- Teller potential, including Coulomb-like tensor interaction with spatially-dependent mass for the D-dimension. We present approximate solutions of the Dirac equation with these potentials for any spin-orbit quantum number k under spin symmetry. The normalized wave functions are expressed in terms of the hyper-geometric series of the scattering states on the k/2π scale. We also give the formula for the phase shifts, and use the Nikiforov-Uvarov method to obtain the energy eigen-values equation.
基金Project supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey
文摘The spatially-dependent mass Dirac equation is solved exactly for attractive scalar and repulsive vector Coulomb potentials,including a tensor interaction under the spin and pseudospin symmetric limits.Closed forms of the energy eigenvalue equation and wave functions are obtained for arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number κ.Some numerical results are also given,and the effect of tensor interaction on the bound states is presented.It is shown that tensor interaction removes the degeneracy between two states in the spin doublets.We also investigate the effects of the spatially-dependent mass on the bound states under spin symmetric limit conditions in the absence of tensor interaction.
文摘Using Skyrme’s density dependent interaction the evolution of nuclear shells has been studied in Hartree-Fock formalism. Optimization of the strength of tensor interaction has been done in reproducing the observed splitting of shell model states of 40,48Ca, 56Ni and 208Pb. Spin-orbit splitting in Ca-isotopes, 56Ni, 90Zr, N = 82 isotones, Sn-isotopes and evolution of gaps in Z, N=8, 20 have been reanalyzed with the inclusion of tensor interaction. For doubly shell closed nuclei it has been observed that tensor interaction is sensitive to spin saturation of nuclear shells.
文摘The Dirac equation is solved to obtain its approximate bound states for a spin-1/2 particle in the presence of trigonometric Poeschl-Teller （tPT） potential including a Coulomb-like tensor interaction with arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number κ using an approximation scheme to substitute the centrifugal terms κ（κ± i 1）r^-2. In view of spin and pseudo-spin （p-spin） symmetries, the relativistic energy eigenvalues and the corresponding two-component wave functions of a particle moving in the field of attractive and repulsive tPT potentials are obtained using the asymptotic iteration method （AIM）. We present numerical results in the absence and presence of tensor coupling A and for various values of spin and p-spin constants and quantum numbers n and κ. The non-relativistic limit is also obtained.
文摘The relativistic Dirac equation under spin and pseudo-spin symmetries is investigated for Manning–Rosen plus quasi-Hellman potentials with tensor interaction. For the first time we consider the Hulthen plus Yukawa for tensor interaction. The Formula method is used to obtain the energy eigen-values and wave functions. We also discuss about the energy eigen-values and the Dirac spinors for the Manning–Rosen plus quasi-Hellman potentials for the spin and pseudo-spin symmetry with Formula method. To show the accuracy of the present model, some numerical results are shown in both pseudo-spin and spin symmetry limits.
文摘Approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation in the case of pseudospin and spin symmetry limits are inves- tigated under the Deng-Fan potential by applying the asymptotic iteration method for the arbitrary quantum numbers n and ~~. Some of the numerical results are also represented in both pseudospin symmetry and spin symmetry limits.
文摘A relativistic Mie-type potential for spin-1/2 particles is studied. The Dirac Hamiltonian contains a scalar S（r） and a vector V（r） Mie-type potential in the radial coordinates, as well as a tensor potential U（r） in the form of Coulomb potential. In the pseudospin（p-spin） symmetry setting Σ = Cps and Δ = V（r）, an analytical solution for exact bound states of the corresponding Dirac equation is found. The eigenenergies and normalized wave functions are presented and particular cases are discussed with any arbitrary spin–orbit coupling number κ. Special attention is devoted to the caseΣ = 0 for which p-spin symmetry is exact. The Laplace transform approach（LTA） is used in our calculations. Some numerical results are obtained and compared with those of other methods.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
文摘Using the Nikiforov-Uvarov （NU） method, pseudospin and spin symmetric solutions of the Dirac equation for the scalar and vector Hulthen potentials with the Yukawa-type tensor potential are obtained for an arbitrary spin-orbit coupling quantum number K. We deduce the energy eigenvalue equations and corresponding upper- and lower-spinor wave functions in both the pseudospin and spin symmetry cases. Numerical results of the energy eigenvalue equations and the upper- and lower-spinor wave functions are presented to show the effects of the external potential and particle mass parameters as well as pseudospin and spin symmetric constants on the bound-state energies and wave functions in the absence and presence of the tensor interaction.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 5217040329 and 51674091)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2021J01640)the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing (Nos. BGRIMM-KJSKL-2021-02 and BGRIMM-KJSKL2022-03)。
文摘Magnetic interaction between magnetic particles is of great significance in the fields of magnetic separation and functional materials.A good understanding of interaction mechanism of magnetic particles would further boost its promising industrial applications.We hereby present our work which visualizes the movement behavior of magnetic spheres in magnetic fields employing high-speed imaging and simulates the dynamic behavior of spheres using an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)based on finite element method.In this paper,we investigated the stress tensor,magnetic force,and dynamic behavior of magnetic spheres in magnetic fields,especially magnetic energy density in different domains.Results show that there are four relatively independent regions of magnetic energy density distribution in external spatial domains of a single sphere system.Attractive force will generate when the energy density in the spatial region between two spheres is relatively high,while a repulsive force will generate when the energy density in the spatial region between two spheres is relatively low.Every magnetic sphere spontaneously moves towards the region with high energy density and stays away from the region with low energy density.The total magnetic energy in magnetic spheres’domains(V_(1))and external spatial domains(V_(2))increases,but the magnetic energy in the external spatial domain decreases over time during the aggregation process.The magnetic spheres ultimately arrange in chain-like structures oriented along magnetic field direction.We hereby proposed a novel and efficient approach to predict the movement trends and final state of magnetic particle swarm from the view of energy density.
文摘The approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation under spin and pseudospin symmetries are examined using a suitable approximation scheme in the framework of parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method.Because a tensor interaction in the Dirac equation removes the energy degeneracy in the spin and pseudospin doublets that leads to atomic stability,we study the Dirac equation with a Hellmann-like tensor potential newly proposed in this study.The newly proposed tensor potential removes the degeneracy from both the spin symmetry and pseudospin symmetry completely.The proposed tensor potential seems better than the Coulomb and Yukawa-like tensor potentials.
文摘Considering of a tensor interaction in Dirac equation removes the degeneracy in spin and pseudospin doublets and consequently leads to results consistent with the experimental data. Here, instead of the commonly used Coulomb or linear terms, we investigate a tensor interaction of Yukawa form. We obtain arbitrary state solutions of Dirac equation under vector, scalar and tensor Yukawa potentials via a physical approximation and the Nikiforov-Uvarov methodology. The solutions are discussed in detail.
文摘The gluon and Goldstone boson induced tensor interaction effect on thedibaryon mass and the D-wave decay width has been studied in the quark delocalization, colorscreening model. The effective S-D wave transition interactions induced by gluon and Goldstone bosonexchanges decrease quickly as the increasing of the channel strangeness. The K and η meson tensorcontribution is negligible in this model. No six-quark state in the light Savor world can become abound one by the help of these tensor interactions except the deuteron. The partial D-wave decaywidth of I J~p = (1/2) 2~+ NΩ state to spin 0, 1 ΛΞ final state is 20.7 keV and 63.1 keVrespectively. It is a very narrow dibaryon resonance and might be detected in the relativistic heavyion reaction by the existing RHIC detectors through the reconstruction of the ΛΞ vertex mass andthe future COMPAS detector at CERN and FAIR project in Germany.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program （973 Program） of China under Contract Nos. 2015CB856904 and 2014CB845401, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11320101004, 11475243, and 11421505, the ＂100-Talent Plan＂ of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics under Grant Nos. Y290061011 and Y526011011 from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the ＂Shanghai Pujiang Program＂ under Grant No. 13PJ1410600, the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1068022, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Award No. DE-SC0013702, and the CUSTIPEN （China- U.S. Theory Institute for Physics with Exotic Nuclei） under the U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-13ER42025.
文摘It is well known that noncentral nuclear forces, such as the spin-orbital coupling and the tensor force, play important roles in understanding many interesting features of nuclear structures. However, their dynamical effects in nuclear reactions are poorly known because only the spin-averaged observables are normally studied both experimentally and theoretically. Realizing that spin-sensitive observables in nuclear reactions may convey useful information about the in-medium properties of noncentral nuclear interactions, besides earlier studies using the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach to understand the effects of spin-orbital coupling on the threshold energy and spin polarization in fusion reactions, some efforts have been made recently to explore the dynamical effects of noncentral nuclear forces in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions using transport models. The focus of these studies has been on investigating signatures of the density and isospin dependence of the form factor in the spin-dependent single-nucleon potential. Interestingly, some useful probes were identified in the model studies but so far there are still no data to compare with. In this brief review, we summarize the main physics motivations as well as the recent progress in understanding the spin dynamics and identifying spin-sensitive observables in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies. We hope the interesting, important, and new physics potentials identified in the spin dynamics of heavy-ion collisions will stimulate more experimental work in this direction.
