With an increase in life expectancy and the popularity of highintensity exercise,the frequency of tendon and ligament injuries has also increased.Owing to the specificity of its tissue,the rapid restoration of injured...With an increase in life expectancy and the popularity of highintensity exercise,the frequency of tendon and ligament injuries has also increased.Owing to the specificity of its tissue,the rapid restoration of injured tendons and ligaments is challenging for treatment.This review summarizes the latest progress in cells,biomaterials,active molecules and construction technology in treating tendon/ligament injuries.The characteristics of supports made of different materials and the development and application of different manufacturing methods are discussed.The development of natural polymers,synthetic polymers and composite materials has boosted the use of scaffolds.In addition,the development of electrospinning and hydrogel technology has diversified the production and treatment of materials.First,this article briefly introduces the structure,function and biological characteristics of tendons/ligaments.Then,it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different materials,such as natural polymer scaffolds,synthetic polymer scaffolds,composite scaffolds and extracellular matrix(ECM)-derived biological scaffolds,in the application of tendon/ligament regeneration.We then discuss the latest applications of electrospun fiber scaffolds and hydrogels in regeneration engineering.Finally,we discuss the current problems and future directions in the development of biomaterials for restoring damaged tendons and ligaments.展开更多
Tendon/ligament-to-bone healing poses a formidable clinical challenge due to the complex structure,composition,cell population and mechanics of the interface.With rapid advances in tissue engineering,a variety of stra...Tendon/ligament-to-bone healing poses a formidable clinical challenge due to the complex structure,composition,cell population and mechanics of the interface.With rapid advances in tissue engineering,a variety of strategies including advanced biomaterials,bioactive growth factors and multiple stem cell lineages have been developed to facilitate the healing of this tissue interface.Given the important role of structure-function relationship,the review begins with a brief description of enthesis structure and composition.Next,the biomimetic biomaterials including decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds and synthetic-/natural-origin scaffolds are critically examined.Then,the key roles of the combination,concentration and location of various growth factors in biomimetic application are emphasized.After that,the various stem cell sources and culture systems are described.At last,we discuss unmet needs and existing challenges in the ideal strategies for tendon/ligament-to-bone regeneration and highlight emerging strategies in the field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908200).
文摘With an increase in life expectancy and the popularity of highintensity exercise,the frequency of tendon and ligament injuries has also increased.Owing to the specificity of its tissue,the rapid restoration of injured tendons and ligaments is challenging for treatment.This review summarizes the latest progress in cells,biomaterials,active molecules and construction technology in treating tendon/ligament injuries.The characteristics of supports made of different materials and the development and application of different manufacturing methods are discussed.The development of natural polymers,synthetic polymers and composite materials has boosted the use of scaffolds.In addition,the development of electrospinning and hydrogel technology has diversified the production and treatment of materials.First,this article briefly introduces the structure,function and biological characteristics of tendons/ligaments.Then,it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different materials,such as natural polymer scaffolds,synthetic polymer scaffolds,composite scaffolds and extracellular matrix(ECM)-derived biological scaffolds,in the application of tendon/ligament regeneration.We then discuss the latest applications of electrospun fiber scaffolds and hydrogels in regeneration engineering.Finally,we discuss the current problems and future directions in the development of biomaterials for restoring damaged tendons and ligaments.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1105100)NSFC grants(81871764,82072463,81772418,81972099)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR20H060001).
文摘Tendon/ligament-to-bone healing poses a formidable clinical challenge due to the complex structure,composition,cell population and mechanics of the interface.With rapid advances in tissue engineering,a variety of strategies including advanced biomaterials,bioactive growth factors and multiple stem cell lineages have been developed to facilitate the healing of this tissue interface.Given the important role of structure-function relationship,the review begins with a brief description of enthesis structure and composition.Next,the biomimetic biomaterials including decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds and synthetic-/natural-origin scaffolds are critically examined.Then,the key roles of the combination,concentration and location of various growth factors in biomimetic application are emphasized.After that,the various stem cell sources and culture systems are described.At last,we discuss unmet needs and existing challenges in the ideal strategies for tendon/ligament-to-bone regeneration and highlight emerging strategies in the field.
