Hydrogen has been regarded as a promising renewable and green energy source to meet energy needs and attain net-zero carbon emissions.The electrolysis of seawater to make hydrogen is one of the fascinating development...Hydrogen has been regarded as a promising renewable and green energy source to meet energy needs and attain net-zero carbon emissions.The electrolysis of seawater to make hydrogen is one of the fascinating developments of the twenty-first century.This method uses abundant and relatively inexpensive seawater,as opposed to freshwater,which is rare and can be prohibitively expensive.In recent years,significant research and advancements have been made in direct seawater electrolysis technology for hydrogen production.However,producing highly effective and efficient electrocatalysts with long-term viability under harsh corrosive conditions remains a challenging and severe topic for large-scale seawater electrolysis technology.There is still a large accomplishment gap in understanding how to improve seawater electrolysis to increase hydrogen yields and prolong stability.It is,therefore,crucial to have a condensed knowledge of the tunable and inherent interactions between various electrocatalysts,covering electrolyzer types and paying particular attention to those with high efficiency,chemical stability,and conductivity.The extensive discussion is structured into a progression from noble metals to base metal compounds such as oxides,alloys,phosphides,chalcogenides,hydroxides,and nitrides,MXene-based complexes with a concise examination of hybrid electrocatalysts.In addition,proton exchange membranes,anion exchange membranes,alkaline water electrolyzers,and high-temperature water electrolyzers were potential contributors to seawater’s electrolysis.An extensive assessment of the techno-feasibility,economic insights,and future suggestions was done to commercialize the most efficient electrocatalytic systems for hydrogen production.This review is anticipated to provide academics,environmentalists,and industrial researchers with valuable ideas for constructing and modifying seawater-based electrocatalysts.展开更多
With the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, it is feared that the world will soon run out of its energy resources. This is a matter of concern for developing countries whose economy heavily leans on its use of e...With the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, it is feared that the world will soon run out of its energy resources. This is a matter of concern for developing countries whose economy heavily leans on its use of energy. Under the circums-tances it is highly desirable that renewable energy resources should be utilized with maximum conversion efficiency to cope with the ever increasing energy demand. Furthermore, the global economic and political conditions that tend to make countries more dependent on their own energy resources have caused growing interest in the development and use of renewable energy based technologies. In terms of its environmental advantages, renewable energy sources generate electricity with insignificant contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) or other greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere and they produce no pollutant discharge on water or soil and hence power generation from renewable becomes very important. Major types of renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydro and biomass, all of which have huge potential to meet future energy challenges. Solar photovoltaic technology in one of the first among several renewable energy technologies that have been adopted worldwide for meeting the basic needs of electricity particularly in remote areas. In this paper literature review pertaining to techno-economic feasibility analysis of solar photovoltaic power generation is discussed. The literature is basically classified into the following three main category design methods, techno-economic feasibility of solar photovoltaic power generation, performance evaluations of various systems.展开更多
基金the support provided by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University,P.O.Box 66,Majmaah 11952,Saudi Arabia under Project No.R-2023-6Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals,Research Institute,King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals(KFUPM),Saudi Arabia。
文摘Hydrogen has been regarded as a promising renewable and green energy source to meet energy needs and attain net-zero carbon emissions.The electrolysis of seawater to make hydrogen is one of the fascinating developments of the twenty-first century.This method uses abundant and relatively inexpensive seawater,as opposed to freshwater,which is rare and can be prohibitively expensive.In recent years,significant research and advancements have been made in direct seawater electrolysis technology for hydrogen production.However,producing highly effective and efficient electrocatalysts with long-term viability under harsh corrosive conditions remains a challenging and severe topic for large-scale seawater electrolysis technology.There is still a large accomplishment gap in understanding how to improve seawater electrolysis to increase hydrogen yields and prolong stability.It is,therefore,crucial to have a condensed knowledge of the tunable and inherent interactions between various electrocatalysts,covering electrolyzer types and paying particular attention to those with high efficiency,chemical stability,and conductivity.The extensive discussion is structured into a progression from noble metals to base metal compounds such as oxides,alloys,phosphides,chalcogenides,hydroxides,and nitrides,MXene-based complexes with a concise examination of hybrid electrocatalysts.In addition,proton exchange membranes,anion exchange membranes,alkaline water electrolyzers,and high-temperature water electrolyzers were potential contributors to seawater’s electrolysis.An extensive assessment of the techno-feasibility,economic insights,and future suggestions was done to commercialize the most efficient electrocatalytic systems for hydrogen production.This review is anticipated to provide academics,environmentalists,and industrial researchers with valuable ideas for constructing and modifying seawater-based electrocatalysts.
文摘With the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, it is feared that the world will soon run out of its energy resources. This is a matter of concern for developing countries whose economy heavily leans on its use of energy. Under the circums-tances it is highly desirable that renewable energy resources should be utilized with maximum conversion efficiency to cope with the ever increasing energy demand. Furthermore, the global economic and political conditions that tend to make countries more dependent on their own energy resources have caused growing interest in the development and use of renewable energy based technologies. In terms of its environmental advantages, renewable energy sources generate electricity with insignificant contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) or other greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere and they produce no pollutant discharge on water or soil and hence power generation from renewable becomes very important. Major types of renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydro and biomass, all of which have huge potential to meet future energy challenges. Solar photovoltaic technology in one of the first among several renewable energy technologies that have been adopted worldwide for meeting the basic needs of electricity particularly in remote areas. In this paper literature review pertaining to techno-economic feasibility analysis of solar photovoltaic power generation is discussed. The literature is basically classified into the following three main category design methods, techno-economic feasibility of solar photovoltaic power generation, performance evaluations of various systems.
