Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widely endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes (larval stage)of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm.E.granulosus are common parasites in certain parts of the w...Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widely endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes (larval stage)of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm.E.granulosus are common parasites in certain parts of the world,and are present on every continent with the exception of Antarctica.As a result,a large number of people are affected by CE.The increased emigration of populations from endemic areas where prevalence rates are as high as 5-10% and the relatively quiescent clinical course of CE pose challenges for accurate and timely diagnoses.Upon infection with CE,cyst formation mainly occurs in the liver (70%).Diagnosis involves serum serologic testing for antibodies against hydatid antigens,but preferably with imaging by ultrasound or CT/MRI.Treatment methods include chemotherapy with benzimidazole carbamates and/or surgical approaches,including percutaneous aspiration injection and reaspiration.The success of these methods is influenced by the stage and location of hepatic cysts.However,CE can be clinically silent,and has a high risk for recurrence.It is important to consider the echinococcal parasite in the differential diagnosis of liver cystic lesions,especially in patients of foreign origin,and to perform appropriate long-term follow-ups.The aim of this review is to highlight the epidemiology,natural history,diagnostic methods,and treatment of liver disease caused by E.granulosus.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common gastrointestinal condition often warranting acute surgical intervention. In human, tapeworm species can cause a parasitic infection by...<strong>Background:</strong> Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common gastrointestinal condition often warranting acute surgical intervention. In human, tapeworm species can cause a parasitic infection by ingestion of raw or under cooked beef (<em>T. saginata</em>) or pork (<em>T. solium</em> and <em>T. asiatica</em>). Taeniasis usually presents with vague symptoms or mild abdominal pain and discomfort. The intestinal complications are not commonly mentioned in the literatures.<strong> Case presentation:</strong> We present 65-year-old Egyptian woman who lives in Oman, who is known to have type two diabetes mellitus and hypertension. She presented to Emergency department with abdominal pain and constipation for a period of three days. On examination, she was dehydrated with tachycardia (pulse rate: 110/minute) blood pressure of 100/60 mmHg and patient was afebrile. Abdominal examination revealed, mildly distended abdomen and tense, no guarding or rigidity no palpable mass, exaggerated bowel sound and rectum is empty on per rectal examination. Emergency laparotomy was performed with intra-operative findings of large foreign body impacted in the distal jejunum about 8 × 3 cm, cylinder in shape completely obliterating the lumen, distal loops was collapsed. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although Taeniasis is a very rare infection, index of suspicion such as a potential in the differential diagnosis as cause of an acute abdomen with unusual surgical complications should be considered. The diagnosis of these rare circumstances is usually made intraoperatively, and surgery is recommended only for the treatment of complications.展开更多
In this report, genetic variation and phylogeny of B. acheilognathi were analyzed based on 96 samples collected from 20 fish host species in 29 different localities by using the rDNA internal transcribed spacer （ITS...In this report, genetic variation and phylogeny of B. acheilognathi were analyzed based on 96 samples collected from 20 fish host species in 29 different localities by using the rDNA internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequences. The ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of B. acheilognathi varied among 561-639 bp and 559-648 bp, and ten simple sequence repeat loci （microsatellites） were detected in the ITS regions, which contributed to significant sequence length variation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed 4 genetic clades （A, B, C, D） in samples with significantly different fish host spectra and geographic distribution. Clade A possessed a wide host range and geographic distribution, including all the samples ofB. acheilognathi determined in previous report. Clades B, C, and D only infected the small cyprinid fishes Opsariichthys bidens and Zacco platypus, and were limited to different locality. Interesting, Clades A and D were detected coexisting in same water body, and even in same fish host O. bidens in Danjiangkou Reservoir. The relatively higher genetic divergence and wide geographic distribution orB. acheilognathi parasitic in O. bidens indicated that O. bidens is likely to be the primary host. Sympatric occurrence of the two genetically distinct clades suggests the possibility of allopatric speciation and second encounter events.展开更多
Background:The frequency of Taenia solium,a zoonotic helminth,is increasing in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa,where the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is also high.However,little is known abo...Background:The frequency of Taenia solium,a zoonotic helminth,is increasing in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa,where the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is also high.However,little is known about how these two infections interact.The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of HIV positive(+)and negative(−)individuals who are infected with Taenia solium(TSOL)and who present with clinical and neurological manifestations of cysticercosis(CC).Methods:In northern Tanzania,170 HIV+individuals and 170 HIV–controls matched for gender,age and village of origin were recruited.HIV staging and serological tests for TSOL antibodies(Ab)and antigen(Ag)were performed.Neurocysticercosis(NCC)was determined by computed tomography(CT)using standard diagnostic criteria.Neurological manifestations were confirmed by a standard neurological examination.In addition,demographic,clinical and neuroimaging data were collected.Further,CD4^(+)cell counts as well as information on highly active antiretroviral treatment(HAART)were noted.Results:No significant differences between HIV+and HIV–individuals regarding the sero-prevalence of taeniosis-Ab(0.6%vs 1.2%),CC-Ab(2.4%vs 2.4%)and CC-Ag(0.6%vs 0.0%)were detected.A total of six NCC cases(3 HIV+and 3 HIV–)were detected in the group of matched participants.Two individuals(1 HIV+and 1 HIV–)presented with headaches as the main symptom for NCC,and four with asymptomatic NCC.Among the HIV+group,TSOL was not associated with CD4+cell counts,HAART duration or HIV stage.Conclusions:This study found lower prevalence of taeniosis,CC and NCC than had been reported in the region to date.This low level of infection may have resulted in an inability to find cross-sectional associations between HIV status and TSOL infection or NCC.Larger sample sizes will be required in future studies conducted in that area to conclude if HIV influences the way NCC manifests itself.展开更多
文摘Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widely endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes (larval stage)of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm.E.granulosus are common parasites in certain parts of the world,and are present on every continent with the exception of Antarctica.As a result,a large number of people are affected by CE.The increased emigration of populations from endemic areas where prevalence rates are as high as 5-10% and the relatively quiescent clinical course of CE pose challenges for accurate and timely diagnoses.Upon infection with CE,cyst formation mainly occurs in the liver (70%).Diagnosis involves serum serologic testing for antibodies against hydatid antigens,but preferably with imaging by ultrasound or CT/MRI.Treatment methods include chemotherapy with benzimidazole carbamates and/or surgical approaches,including percutaneous aspiration injection and reaspiration.The success of these methods is influenced by the stage and location of hepatic cysts.However,CE can be clinically silent,and has a high risk for recurrence.It is important to consider the echinococcal parasite in the differential diagnosis of liver cystic lesions,especially in patients of foreign origin,and to perform appropriate long-term follow-ups.The aim of this review is to highlight the epidemiology,natural history,diagnostic methods,and treatment of liver disease caused by E.granulosus.
基金The authors acknowledge the US National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation for support through researchgrant TWO1565-02all co-workers who contributed to this research
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common gastrointestinal condition often warranting acute surgical intervention. In human, tapeworm species can cause a parasitic infection by ingestion of raw or under cooked beef (<em>T. saginata</em>) or pork (<em>T. solium</em> and <em>T. asiatica</em>). Taeniasis usually presents with vague symptoms or mild abdominal pain and discomfort. The intestinal complications are not commonly mentioned in the literatures.<strong> Case presentation:</strong> We present 65-year-old Egyptian woman who lives in Oman, who is known to have type two diabetes mellitus and hypertension. She presented to Emergency department with abdominal pain and constipation for a period of three days. On examination, she was dehydrated with tachycardia (pulse rate: 110/minute) blood pressure of 100/60 mmHg and patient was afebrile. Abdominal examination revealed, mildly distended abdomen and tense, no guarding or rigidity no palpable mass, exaggerated bowel sound and rectum is empty on per rectal examination. Emergency laparotomy was performed with intra-operative findings of large foreign body impacted in the distal jejunum about 8 × 3 cm, cylinder in shape completely obliterating the lumen, distal loops was collapsed. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although Taeniasis is a very rare infection, index of suspicion such as a potential in the differential diagnosis as cause of an acute abdomen with unusual surgical complications should be considered. The diagnosis of these rare circumstances is usually made intraoperatively, and surgery is recommended only for the treatment of complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31302222)the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,CAFS Grant(2013JBFM10)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46)
文摘In this report, genetic variation and phylogeny of B. acheilognathi were analyzed based on 96 samples collected from 20 fish host species in 29 different localities by using the rDNA internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequences. The ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of B. acheilognathi varied among 561-639 bp and 559-648 bp, and ten simple sequence repeat loci （microsatellites） were detected in the ITS regions, which contributed to significant sequence length variation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed 4 genetic clades （A, B, C, D） in samples with significantly different fish host spectra and geographic distribution. Clade A possessed a wide host range and geographic distribution, including all the samples ofB. acheilognathi determined in previous report. Clades B, C, and D only infected the small cyprinid fishes Opsariichthys bidens and Zacco platypus, and were limited to different locality. Interesting, Clades A and D were detected coexisting in same water body, and even in same fish host O. bidens in Danjiangkou Reservoir. The relatively higher genetic divergence and wide geographic distribution orB. acheilognathi parasitic in O. bidens indicated that O. bidens is likely to be the primary host. Sympatric occurrence of the two genetically distinct clades suggests the possibility of allopatric speciation and second encounter events.
基金This study was funded by the DFG(German Research Foundation)within the research grant(BR3752/1-1)“Neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa”.
文摘Background:The frequency of Taenia solium,a zoonotic helminth,is increasing in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa,where the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is also high.However,little is known about how these two infections interact.The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of HIV positive(+)and negative(−)individuals who are infected with Taenia solium(TSOL)and who present with clinical and neurological manifestations of cysticercosis(CC).Methods:In northern Tanzania,170 HIV+individuals and 170 HIV–controls matched for gender,age and village of origin were recruited.HIV staging and serological tests for TSOL antibodies(Ab)and antigen(Ag)were performed.Neurocysticercosis(NCC)was determined by computed tomography(CT)using standard diagnostic criteria.Neurological manifestations were confirmed by a standard neurological examination.In addition,demographic,clinical and neuroimaging data were collected.Further,CD4^(+)cell counts as well as information on highly active antiretroviral treatment(HAART)were noted.Results:No significant differences between HIV+and HIV–individuals regarding the sero-prevalence of taeniosis-Ab(0.6%vs 1.2%),CC-Ab(2.4%vs 2.4%)and CC-Ag(0.6%vs 0.0%)were detected.A total of six NCC cases(3 HIV+and 3 HIV–)were detected in the group of matched participants.Two individuals(1 HIV+and 1 HIV–)presented with headaches as the main symptom for NCC,and four with asymptomatic NCC.Among the HIV+group,TSOL was not associated with CD4+cell counts,HAART duration or HIV stage.Conclusions:This study found lower prevalence of taeniosis,CC and NCC than had been reported in the region to date.This low level of infection may have resulted in an inability to find cross-sectional associations between HIV status and TSOL infection or NCC.Larger sample sizes will be required in future studies conducted in that area to conclude if HIV influences the way NCC manifests itself.
