调节性 T 细胞(Tr)在诱导和维持移植免疫耐受过程中的作用越来越受到人们的重视。根据不同的细胞表型和功能已将 Tr 分为若干亚类,首先是胸腺内 T 细胞发育过程中自然产生的 CD4^+T细胞亚群,能够构成性表达 IL-2受体的α链(CD25)存在于...调节性 T 细胞(Tr)在诱导和维持移植免疫耐受过程中的作用越来越受到人们的重视。根据不同的细胞表型和功能已将 Tr 分为若干亚类,首先是胸腺内 T 细胞发育过程中自然产生的 CD4^+T细胞亚群,能够构成性表达 IL-2受体的α链(CD25)存在于外周,体内体外均可抑制效应性 T 细胞的增殖和功能;其次是产生于正常的免疫应答过程中的诱导性 Tr 亚群,包括 Tr1和 Th3通过分泌细胞因子如 IL-10和 TGF-β发挥抑制作用。除此之外,也有报道 CD8^+Tr、双阴性 T(DNT)细胞和 NK T 细胞在移植耐受的不同模型中亦发挥重要作用。因而研究各种 Tr 亚群的生物学特征、调节机制及其在移植耐受中的作用非常必要。展开更多
This paper investigates frequency limitations of calibration and de-embedding techniques for S parameter measurements. First, the TRL calibration methods are analysed and the error due to the probe movement when measu...This paper investigates frequency limitations of calibration and de-embedding techniques for S parameter measurements. First, the TRL calibration methods are analysed and the error due to the probe movement when measuring the different line lengths is quantified, next the coupling between the probe-heads and the wafer surface is investigated and finally an upper frequency validity limit for the standard Open-Short de-embedding method is given. The measured results have been confirmed thanks to the use of an electro-magnetic simulator.展开更多
An integration-centric approach is proposed to handle inadequate information in the system readiness level （SRL） assessment using the evidential reasoning （ER） algorithm. Current SRL assessment approaches cannot b...An integration-centric approach is proposed to handle inadequate information in the system readiness level （SRL） assessment using the evidential reasoning （ER） algorithm. Current SRL assessment approaches cannot be applied to handle inadequate information as the input. The ER-based approach is proposed to synthesize inadequate input information and an integration-centric perspective is applied to reduce the computational complexity. Two case studies are performed to validate the efficiency of the proposed approach. And these studies are also performed to study how the inadequate information will affect the assessment result. And the differences caused by the system＇s structure. The importance of the system＇s structure in the SRL assessment is demonstrated and the contributions made in this study are summarized as conclusions.展开更多
文摘调节性 T 细胞(Tr)在诱导和维持移植免疫耐受过程中的作用越来越受到人们的重视。根据不同的细胞表型和功能已将 Tr 分为若干亚类,首先是胸腺内 T 细胞发育过程中自然产生的 CD4^+T细胞亚群,能够构成性表达 IL-2受体的α链(CD25)存在于外周,体内体外均可抑制效应性 T 细胞的增殖和功能;其次是产生于正常的免疫应答过程中的诱导性 Tr 亚群,包括 Tr1和 Th3通过分泌细胞因子如 IL-10和 TGF-β发挥抑制作用。除此之外,也有报道 CD8^+Tr、双阴性 T(DNT)细胞和 NK T 细胞在移植耐受的不同模型中亦发挥重要作用。因而研究各种 Tr 亚群的生物学特征、调节机制及其在移植耐受中的作用非常必要。
文摘This paper investigates frequency limitations of calibration and de-embedding techniques for S parameter measurements. First, the TRL calibration methods are analysed and the error due to the probe movement when measuring the different line lengths is quantified, next the coupling between the probe-heads and the wafer surface is investigated and finally an upper frequency validity limit for the standard Open-Short de-embedding method is given. The measured results have been confirmed thanks to the use of an electro-magnetic simulator.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70901074 71001104)
文摘An integration-centric approach is proposed to handle inadequate information in the system readiness level （SRL） assessment using the evidential reasoning （ER） algorithm. Current SRL assessment approaches cannot be applied to handle inadequate information as the input. The ER-based approach is proposed to synthesize inadequate input information and an integration-centric perspective is applied to reduce the computational complexity. Two case studies are performed to validate the efficiency of the proposed approach. And these studies are also performed to study how the inadequate information will affect the assessment result. And the differences caused by the system＇s structure. The importance of the system＇s structure in the SRL assessment is demonstrated and the contributions made in this study are summarized as conclusions.
