The main objective of this paper is to present the current status of the improvement technology for tropical cyclones alerting and warning in Thailand.In 2017,Thai Meteorological Department upgraded Weather Forecastin...The main objective of this paper is to present the current status of the improvement technology for tropical cyclones alerting and warning in Thailand.In 2017,Thai Meteorological Department upgraded Weather Forecasting system with Geogrid data for TMD domain with a High Performance Computer.The use of Himawari satellite data with receiving and analysis facilities provided by the Japan Government leads to timely monitoring of tropical storm events.The Typhoon Committee’s project on the network of weather radar plays supporting roles in storms’analysis and their impacts.Currently,TMD actively makes use of internet social-media,including Google Map and Facebook as an alternative to release information to the public.展开更多
Protein biogenesis is a complex process,and complexity is greatly increased in eukaryotic cells through specific targeting of proteins to different organelles.To direct targeting,organellar proteins carry an organelle...Protein biogenesis is a complex process,and complexity is greatly increased in eukaryotic cells through specific targeting of proteins to different organelles.To direct targeting,organellar proteins carry an organelle-specific targeting signal for recognition by organelle-specific import machinery.However,the situation is confusing for transmembrane domain(TMD)-containing signalanchored(SA)proteins of various organelles because TMDs function as an endoplasmic reticulum(ER)targeting signal.Although ER targeting of SA proteins is well understood,how they are targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts remains elusive.Here,we investigated how the targeting specificity of SA proteins is determined for specific targeting to mitochondria and chloroplasts.Mitochondrial targeting requires multiple motifs around and within TMDs:a basic residue and an arginine-rich region flanking the N-and C-termini of TMDs,respectively,and an aromatic residue in the C-terminal side of the TMD that specify mitochondrial targeting in an additive manner.These motifs play a role in slowing down the elongation speed during translation,thereby ensuring mitochondrial targeting in a cotranslational manner.By contrast,the absence of any of these motifs individually or together causes at varying degrees chloroplast targeting that occurs in a post-translational manner.展开更多
文摘The main objective of this paper is to present the current status of the improvement technology for tropical cyclones alerting and warning in Thailand.In 2017,Thai Meteorological Department upgraded Weather Forecasting system with Geogrid data for TMD domain with a High Performance Computer.The use of Himawari satellite data with receiving and analysis facilities provided by the Japan Government leads to timely monitoring of tropical storm events.The Typhoon Committee’s project on the network of weather radar plays supporting roles in storms’analysis and their impacts.Currently,TMD actively makes use of internet social-media,including Google Map and Facebook as an alternative to release information to the public.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2022R1A2C1091844)。
文摘Protein biogenesis is a complex process,and complexity is greatly increased in eukaryotic cells through specific targeting of proteins to different organelles.To direct targeting,organellar proteins carry an organelle-specific targeting signal for recognition by organelle-specific import machinery.However,the situation is confusing for transmembrane domain(TMD)-containing signalanchored(SA)proteins of various organelles because TMDs function as an endoplasmic reticulum(ER)targeting signal.Although ER targeting of SA proteins is well understood,how they are targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts remains elusive.Here,we investigated how the targeting specificity of SA proteins is determined for specific targeting to mitochondria and chloroplasts.Mitochondrial targeting requires multiple motifs around and within TMDs:a basic residue and an arginine-rich region flanking the N-and C-termini of TMDs,respectively,and an aromatic residue in the C-terminal side of the TMD that specify mitochondrial targeting in an additive manner.These motifs play a role in slowing down the elongation speed during translation,thereby ensuring mitochondrial targeting in a cotranslational manner.By contrast,the absence of any of these motifs individually or together causes at varying degrees chloroplast targeting that occurs in a post-translational manner.
