This paper presents a modified structure of a neural network with tunable activation function and provides a new learning algorithm for the neural network training. Simulation results of XOR problem, Feigenbaum functi...This paper presents a modified structure of a neural network with tunable activation function and provides a new learning algorithm for the neural network training. Simulation results of XOR problem, Feigenbaum function, and Henon map show that the new algorithm has better performance than BP (back propagation) algorithm in terms of shorter convergence time and higher convergence accuracy. Further modifications of the structure of the neural network with the faster learning algorithm demonstrate simpler structure with even faster convergence speed and better convergence accuracy.展开更多
To the Editor:Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bictegravir(B),emtricitabine(F),and tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)in achieving virological suppression in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patient...To the Editor:Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bictegravir(B),emtricitabine(F),and tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)in achieving virological suppression in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients.Virological suppression can be influenced by various factors,with baseline HIV-1 RNA being a critical consideration.Guidelines often use a baseline HIV RNA level of>500,000 copies/mL as the primary reference indicator for drug selection.[1]However,previous studies on the effectiveness of B/F/TAF have not specifically analyzed patients with baseline HIV RNA>500,000 copies/mL.In Chongqing,China,where the prevalence of advanced HIV among hospitalized patients living with HIV exceeds 70%,[2]up to 25%of patients have baseline HIV-1 RNA>500,000 copies/mL in our study,and many patients have opportunistic infections.In such a complex medical setting,the virological suppression rates of patients using B/F/TAF remain uncertain.展开更多
This paper addresses a new kind of neuron model, which has trainable activation function (TAF) in addition to only trainable weights in the conventional M-P model. The final neuron activation function can be derived f...This paper addresses a new kind of neuron model, which has trainable activation function (TAF) in addition to only trainable weights in the conventional M-P model. The final neuron activation function can be derived from a primitive neuron activation function by training. The BP like learning al-gorithm has been presented for MFNN constructed by neurons of TAP model. Several simulation ex-amples are given to show the network capacity and performance advantages of the new MFNN in com-parison with that of conventional sigmoid MFNN.展开更多
Rose(Rosa chinensis),which is an economically valuable floral species worldwide,has three types,namely once-flowering(OF),occasional or re-blooming(OR),and recurrent or continuous flowering(CF).However,the mechanism u...Rose(Rosa chinensis),which is an economically valuable floral species worldwide,has three types,namely once-flowering(OF),occasional or re-blooming(OR),and recurrent or continuous flowering(CF).However,the mechanism underlying the effect of the age pathway on the duration of the CF or OF juvenile phase is largely unknown.In this study,we observed that the RcSPL1 transcript levels were substantially upregulated during the floral development period in CF and OF plants.Additionally,accumulation of RcSPL1 protein was controlled by rch-miR156.The ectopic expression of RcSPL1 in Arabidopsis thaliana accelerated the vegetative phase transition and flowering.Furthermore,the transient overexpression of RcSPL1 in rose plants accelerated flowering,whereas silencing of RcSPL1 had the opposite phenotype.Accordingly,the transcription levels of floral meristem identity genes(APETALA1,FRUITFULL,and LEAFY)were significantly affected by the changes in RcSPL1 expression.RcTAF15b protein,which is an autonomous pathway protein,was revealed to interact with RcSPL1.The silencing and overexpression of RcTAF15b in rose plants led to delayed and accelerated flowering,respectively.Collectively,the study findings imply that RcSPL1–RcTAF15b modulates the flowering time of rose plants.展开更多
Peach is a typical climacteric fruit that releases ethylene during fruit ripening.Several studies have been conducted on the transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in peach fruit.Herein,an ethylene respon...Peach is a typical climacteric fruit that releases ethylene during fruit ripening.Several studies have been conducted on the transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in peach fruit.Herein,an ethylene response factor,PpERF.A16,which was induced by exogenous ethylene,could enhance ethylene biosynthesis by directly inducing the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase(PpACS1)and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase(PpACO1)genes.Moreover,the NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2(NAC)transcription factor(TF)PpNAC.A59 was coexpressed with PpERF.A16 in all tested peach cultivars.Interestingly,PpNAC.A59 can directly interact with the promoter of PpERF.A16 to induce its expression but not enhance LUC activity driven by any promoter of PpACS1 or PpACO1.Thus,PpNAC.A59 can indirectly mediate ethylene biosynthesis via the NAC-ERF signaling cascade to induce the expression of both PpACS1 and PpACO1.These results enrich the genetic network of fruit ripening in peach and provide new insight into the ripening mechanism of other perennial fruits.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a modified structure of a neural network with tunable activation function and provides a new learning algorithm for the neural network training. Simulation results of XOR problem, Feigenbaum function, and Henon map show that the new algorithm has better performance than BP (back propagation) algorithm in terms of shorter convergence time and higher convergence accuracy. Further modifications of the structure of the neural network with the faster learning algorithm demonstrate simpler structure with even faster convergence speed and better convergence accuracy.
基金supported by grants from the first batch of Key Public Health Key Discipline Construction Project(Junior College),Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau(No.CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0180)the Joint Medical Research Projects of Chongqing Municipal Health Committee and Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.2022QNXM032)+2 种基金Chongqing Talent Cultivation Program(No.cstc2021 ycjh-bgzxm0275)the Joint Medical Research Projects of Chongqing Municipal Health Committee and Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.2020FYYX066)Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project(Joint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau)(No.2020FYYX118)
文摘To the Editor:Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bictegravir(B),emtricitabine(F),and tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)in achieving virological suppression in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients.Virological suppression can be influenced by various factors,with baseline HIV-1 RNA being a critical consideration.Guidelines often use a baseline HIV RNA level of>500,000 copies/mL as the primary reference indicator for drug selection.[1]However,previous studies on the effectiveness of B/F/TAF have not specifically analyzed patients with baseline HIV RNA>500,000 copies/mL.In Chongqing,China,where the prevalence of advanced HIV among hospitalized patients living with HIV exceeds 70%,[2]up to 25%of patients have baseline HIV-1 RNA>500,000 copies/mL in our study,and many patients have opportunistic infections.In such a complex medical setting,the virological suppression rates of patients using B/F/TAF remain uncertain.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 69831030 and 630003014).
文摘This paper addresses a new kind of neuron model, which has trainable activation function (TAF) in addition to only trainable weights in the conventional M-P model. The final neuron activation function can be derived from a primitive neuron activation function by training. The BP like learning al-gorithm has been presented for MFNN constructed by neurons of TAP model. Several simulation ex-amples are given to show the network capacity and performance advantages of the new MFNN in com-parison with that of conventional sigmoid MFNN.
基金This work was funded by Guest Investigator Grant of the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Science(SKLPG2016A-29)。
文摘Rose(Rosa chinensis),which is an economically valuable floral species worldwide,has three types,namely once-flowering(OF),occasional or re-blooming(OR),and recurrent or continuous flowering(CF).However,the mechanism underlying the effect of the age pathway on the duration of the CF or OF juvenile phase is largely unknown.In this study,we observed that the RcSPL1 transcript levels were substantially upregulated during the floral development period in CF and OF plants.Additionally,accumulation of RcSPL1 protein was controlled by rch-miR156.The ectopic expression of RcSPL1 in Arabidopsis thaliana accelerated the vegetative phase transition and flowering.Furthermore,the transient overexpression of RcSPL1 in rose plants accelerated flowering,whereas silencing of RcSPL1 had the opposite phenotype.Accordingly,the transcription levels of floral meristem identity genes(APETALA1,FRUITFULL,and LEAFY)were significantly affected by the changes in RcSPL1 expression.RcTAF15b protein,which is an autonomous pathway protein,was revealed to interact with RcSPL1.The silencing and overexpression of RcTAF15b in rose plants led to delayed and accelerated flowering,respectively.Collectively,the study findings imply that RcSPL1–RcTAF15b modulates the flowering time of rose plants.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundations of China(31672118 and 31471856)the Natural Science Foundations of Jiangsu Province(BK20140756).
文摘Peach is a typical climacteric fruit that releases ethylene during fruit ripening.Several studies have been conducted on the transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in peach fruit.Herein,an ethylene response factor,PpERF.A16,which was induced by exogenous ethylene,could enhance ethylene biosynthesis by directly inducing the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase(PpACS1)and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase(PpACO1)genes.Moreover,the NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2(NAC)transcription factor(TF)PpNAC.A59 was coexpressed with PpERF.A16 in all tested peach cultivars.Interestingly,PpNAC.A59 can directly interact with the promoter of PpERF.A16 to induce its expression but not enhance LUC activity driven by any promoter of PpACS1 or PpACO1.Thus,PpNAC.A59 can indirectly mediate ethylene biosynthesis via the NAC-ERF signaling cascade to induce the expression of both PpACS1 and PpACO1.These results enrich the genetic network of fruit ripening in peach and provide new insight into the ripening mechanism of other perennial fruits.