Flowering at suitable time is very important for plants to adapt to complicated environments and produce their seeds successfully for reproduction. In rice （Oryza rufipogon Griff.） photoperiod regulation is one of t...Flowering at suitable time is very important for plants to adapt to complicated environments and produce their seeds successfully for reproduction. In rice （Oryza rufipogon Griff.） photoperiod regulation is one of the important factors for controlling heading date. Common wild rice, the ancestor of cultivated rice, exhibits a late heading date and a more sensitive photoperiodic response than cultivated rice. Here, through map-based cloning, we identified a major quantitative trait loci （QTL） LHD1 （Late Heading Date 1）, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, which controls the late heading date of wild rice and encodes a putative HAP3/NF-YB/CBF-A subunit of the CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor. Sequence analysis revealed that several variants in the coding region of LHD1 were correlated with a late heading date, and a further complementary study successfully rescued the phenotype. These results suggest that a functional site for LHD1 could be among those variants present in the coding region. We also found that LHD1 could down-regulate the expression of several floral transition activators such as Ehdl, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions, but not under short-day conditions. This indicates that LHD1 may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Ehdl, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions.展开更多
Objective： To explore the effect of Astragalus membranaceus （AM） on T-helper cell type 1 （Th1） specific transcription factor T-box expressed in T cells （T-bet） expression and Th1/Th2 equilibrium. Methods, The l...Objective： To explore the effect of Astragalus membranaceus （AM） on T-helper cell type 1 （Th1） specific transcription factor T-box expressed in T cells （T-bet） expression and Th1/Th2 equilibrium. Methods, The levels of T-bet mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） from 15 patients with asthma and 15 healthy subjects were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT- PCR）. PBMCs in asthma patients were incubated with AM and then the concentration of interferon γ （IFN-γ） and interleukin-4 （IL-4） in the supernate before and after AM intervention were determined by ELISA. The numbers of CD4 ＋ CCR3＋ and CD4＋CCR5＋ cells were counted by flow cytometry. Results： The expression of T-bet mRNA and the level of IFN-γ were lower, but level of serum IL-4 was higher in asthma patients when compared with those in healthy subjects respectively. After AM （60 μg/ml） intervention, the former two parameters raised and showed a positive correlation between them, while the level of IL-4 was decreased. The mean percentage of CD4＋CCR3＋ cells in asthma patients was significantly higher but that of CD4＋CCR5＋ cells was lower when compared with those in healthy subjects respectively. After AM intervention, the abnormal change in the two indexes was improved to certain extent, showing a reversing status of Th2 polarization. Conclusion： AM could increase the expression of T-bet mRNA and Thl cytokines such as IFN-γ, and might reverse the Th2 predominant status in asthma patients.展开更多
In the vegetative phase of plant development, the shoot apical meristem （SAM） produces leaf primordia in regular phyllotaxy, and transforms to the inflorescence meristem when the plant enters reproductive growth, wh...In the vegetative phase of plant development, the shoot apical meristem （SAM） produces leaf primordia in regular phyllotaxy, and transforms to the inflorescence meristem when the plant enters reproductive growth, which will undergo a series of identity differentiations and will finally form a complete and fertile panicle. Our previous studies indicated a tissue-specific expression pattern of the OsLEC1 （leafy cotyledon） gene, which is homologous to the Arabidopsis AtLEC1 gene and belongs to the CCAAT-binding protein HAP3 subfamily, during embryo development. Expression of additional OsLEC1 genomic sequences resulted in abnormalities in the development of leaves, panicles and spikelets. The spikelets in particular presented abnormities, including panicle and spikelet-like structures that occurred reiteratively inside prior spikelets, and the occasional spikelet structures that completely transformed into plantlets （a reproductive habit alteration from sexual to asexual called ＂pseudovivipary＂）. Analysis showed that OsLEC1 interacts with several SEPALLATA-like MADS transcription factors, suggesting that increased levels of the OsLEC1 protein might interfere with the normal interaction network of these MADS proteins and lead to defective spikelet development. The expression of OsMADS1 was dramatically reduced, and the DNA methylation level of cytosine in certain regions of the OsMADS1 promoter was increased under OsLEC1 overexpression. These results indicate that OsLEC1 affects the development of leaves, panicles and spikelets, and is a key regulator of meristem identity determination in both rice （Oryza sativa） vegetative and reproductive development.展开更多
One set of genes encoding diverse groups of transcription factors that interact with the Z-box （ATACGTGT; a potential Z-DNA forming sequence） is called ZBFs （Z-box Binding Factors）. ZBFs include ZBF1, ZBF2, and ZB...One set of genes encoding diverse groups of transcription factors that interact with the Z-box （ATACGTGT; a potential Z-DNA forming sequence） is called ZBFs （Z-box Binding Factors）. ZBFs include ZBF1, ZBF2, and ZBF3, which encode ZBF1/MYC2 （bHLH）, ZBF2/GBF1 （bZIP）, and ZBF3/CAM7 （Calmodulin） proteins, respectively. With several recent reports, it is becoming increasingly evident that ZBFs play crucial roles in Arabidopsis seedling photomorphogenesis. ZBFs integrate signals from various wavelengths of light to coordinate the regulation of transcriptional networks that affect multiple facets of plant growth and development. The function of each ZBF is qualitatively and quantitatively distinct. The zbf mutants display pleiotropic effects including altered hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, lateral root development, and flowering time. In this inaugural review, we discuss the identification, molecular functions, and interacting partners of ZBFs in light-mediated Arabidopsis seedling development.展开更多
Plant WRKY transcription factors are involved in various physiological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as developmental processes. In this study, the expression patterns of the WRKY68...Plant WRKY transcription factors are involved in various physiological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as developmental processes. In this study, the expression patterns of the WRKY68 protein during interactions between rice 4021 containing the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21 and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae（Xoo） were investigated. A possible modified form of the WRKY68 protein appeared in the Xa21-mediated disease resistance response, and its expression levels were similar in compatible and incompatible responses, but differed significantly from that of the mock control treatment, suggesting that WRKY68 may be involved in the bacterial blight response in rice. To further understand WRKY68＇s roles in the resistance signaling pathway, WRKY68 recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and a microscale thermophoresis analysis was performed to investigate the interactions between WRKY68 and cis-elements in crucial pathogenesis-related（PR） genes. The results showed that the WRKY68 protein binds to W-boxes in the PR1 b promoter region, with an apparent dissociation constant of 25 nmol L–1, while the binding between WRKY68 and PR10 a was W-box independent. The results suggested that a possible modified form of the WRKY68 protein was induced during the interaction between rice and Xoo, which then regulated the activity of the downstream PR genes by binding with the W-boxes in the PR1 b gene＇s promoter region. Moreover, the constitutive transcription of the WRKY68 gene in dozens of rice tissues and the expression of the WRKY68 protein in leaves during all growth stages suggests that WRKY68 plays important roles in rice during normal growth processes.展开更多
本研究旨在探讨PD-L1和PD-L2在卵巢癌组织中的表达及其与疾病预后的关系。采用免疫组化法检测77例卵巢癌组织PD-L1和PD-L2的表达,取10例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿组织作为对照;Kaplan-Meier法比较不同PD-L1、PD-L2表达水平单独或联合分析对...本研究旨在探讨PD-L1和PD-L2在卵巢癌组织中的表达及其与疾病预后的关系。采用免疫组化法检测77例卵巢癌组织PD-L1和PD-L2的表达,取10例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿组织作为对照;Kaplan-Meier法比较不同PD-L1、PD-L2表达水平单独或联合分析对患者术后总生存期(overall survival,OS)的影响;流式细胞术分离TIL及其亚群分析PD-L1、PD-L2的表达。结果显示,PD-L1和PD-L2主要表达在卵巢癌细胞膜上和细胞质中。PD-L1在卵巢癌组织中的高表达率为44.16%,PD-L2的高表达率为22.08%,对照组均低表达。PD-L1表达与患者国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)分期有统计学意义(P=0.026)。Kaplan-Meier法生存分析显示,PD-L1、PD-L2高表达组OS较低表达组显著缩短[风险比(hazard ratio,HR)=2.689,P=0.0005;HR=2.204,P=0.0105]。多因素Cox比例风险模型显示,PD-L1高表达(HR=2.275,P=0.023)、PD-L2高表达(HR=2.314,P=0.021)、FIGO分期(HR=11.229,P=0.024)是影响卵巢癌患者生存的独立危险预后因素。将PD-L1及PD-L2均低表达作为判断指标,OS显著延长(HR=3.396,P<0.0001)。结合前期研究结果,PD-L1阴性且T盒子转录因子(T-box transcription factor,T-bet)^+TIL高浸润的患者OS较其他患者更长(P=0.001),而PD-L1阳性且T-bet^+TIL低浸润的患者OS最短。研究提示PD-L1及PD-L2可能参与了卵巢癌的发生和发展,对卵巢癌的临床诊断及患者预后判断具有潜在价值。展开更多
Objective:To explore the possible effects and mechanism of Zhizhu Decoction(ZZD)on the pathophysiology of slow transit constipation(STC).Methods A total of 54 C57BL/6 mice was randomly divided into the following 6 gro...Objective:To explore the possible effects and mechanism of Zhizhu Decoction(ZZD)on the pathophysiology of slow transit constipation(STC).Methods A total of 54 C57BL/6 mice was randomly divided into the following 6 groups by a random number table,including control,STC model(model),positive control,and low-,medium-and high-doses ZZD treatment groups(5,10,20 g/kg,namely L,M-,and H-ZZD,respectively),9 mice in each group.Following 2-week treatment,intestinal transport rate(ITR)and fecal water content were determined,and blood and colon tissue samples were collected.Hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to evaluate the morphology of colon tissues and calculate the number of goblet cells.To determine intestinal permeability,serum levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),low-density lipoprotein(LDL)and mannose were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Western blot analysis was carried out to detect the expression levels of intestinal tight junction proteins zona-occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,occludin and recombinant mucin 2(MUC2).The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-4,IL-10 and IL-22 were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative reverse transcription reaction.Colon indexes of oxidative stress were measured by ELISA,and protein expression levels of colon silent information regulator 1/forkhead box O transcription factor 1(SIRT1/FoxO1)antioxidant signaling pathway were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group,ITR and fecal moisture were significantly enhanced in STC mice in the M-ZZD and H-ZZD groups(P<0.01).Additionally,ZZD treatment notably increased the thickness of mucosal and muscular tissue,elevated the number of goblet cells in the colon of STC mice,reduced the secretion levels of LPS,LDL and mannose,and upregulated ZO-1,claudin-1,occludin and MUC2 expressions in the colon in a dose-dependent manner,compared with the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In addition,ZZD 展开更多
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003021)the Project of Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Wild Plants of the Ministry of Agriculture of Chinathe National High-Tech Research and Development(863)Program of China(2012AA101103)
文摘Flowering at suitable time is very important for plants to adapt to complicated environments and produce their seeds successfully for reproduction. In rice （Oryza rufipogon Griff.） photoperiod regulation is one of the important factors for controlling heading date. Common wild rice, the ancestor of cultivated rice, exhibits a late heading date and a more sensitive photoperiodic response than cultivated rice. Here, through map-based cloning, we identified a major quantitative trait loci （QTL） LHD1 （Late Heading Date 1）, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, which controls the late heading date of wild rice and encodes a putative HAP3/NF-YB/CBF-A subunit of the CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor. Sequence analysis revealed that several variants in the coding region of LHD1 were correlated with a late heading date, and a further complementary study successfully rescued the phenotype. These results suggest that a functional site for LHD1 could be among those variants present in the coding region. We also found that LHD1 could down-regulate the expression of several floral transition activators such as Ehdl, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions, but not under short-day conditions. This indicates that LHD1 may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Ehdl, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions.
基金*Supported by Science Foundation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 04-05JQ03), and partly supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2005037800).
文摘Objective： To explore the effect of Astragalus membranaceus （AM） on T-helper cell type 1 （Th1） specific transcription factor T-box expressed in T cells （T-bet） expression and Th1/Th2 equilibrium. Methods, The levels of T-bet mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） from 15 patients with asthma and 15 healthy subjects were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT- PCR）. PBMCs in asthma patients were incubated with AM and then the concentration of interferon γ （IFN-γ） and interleukin-4 （IL-4） in the supernate before and after AM intervention were determined by ELISA. The numbers of CD4 ＋ CCR3＋ and CD4＋CCR5＋ cells were counted by flow cytometry. Results： The expression of T-bet mRNA and the level of IFN-γ were lower, but level of serum IL-4 was higher in asthma patients when compared with those in healthy subjects respectively. After AM （60 μg/ml） intervention, the former two parameters raised and showed a positive correlation between them, while the level of IL-4 was decreased. The mean percentage of CD4＋CCR3＋ cells in asthma patients was significantly higher but that of CD4＋CCR5＋ cells was lower when compared with those in healthy subjects respectively. After AM intervention, the abnormal change in the two indexes was improved to certain extent, showing a reversing status of Th2 polarization. Conclusion： AM could increase the expression of T-bet mRNA and Thl cytokines such as IFN-γ, and might reverse the Th2 predominant status in asthma patients.
基金supported by the State Key Project for Basic Research (2012CB944804)
文摘In the vegetative phase of plant development, the shoot apical meristem （SAM） produces leaf primordia in regular phyllotaxy, and transforms to the inflorescence meristem when the plant enters reproductive growth, which will undergo a series of identity differentiations and will finally form a complete and fertile panicle. Our previous studies indicated a tissue-specific expression pattern of the OsLEC1 （leafy cotyledon） gene, which is homologous to the Arabidopsis AtLEC1 gene and belongs to the CCAAT-binding protein HAP3 subfamily, during embryo development. Expression of additional OsLEC1 genomic sequences resulted in abnormalities in the development of leaves, panicles and spikelets. The spikelets in particular presented abnormities, including panicle and spikelet-like structures that occurred reiteratively inside prior spikelets, and the occasional spikelet structures that completely transformed into plantlets （a reproductive habit alteration from sexual to asexual called ＂pseudovivipary＂）. Analysis showed that OsLEC1 interacts with several SEPALLATA-like MADS transcription factors, suggesting that increased levels of the OsLEC1 protein might interfere with the normal interaction network of these MADS proteins and lead to defective spikelet development. The expression of OsMADS1 was dramatically reduced, and the DNA methylation level of cytosine in certain regions of the OsMADS1 promoter was increased under OsLEC1 overexpression. These results indicate that OsLEC1 affects the development of leaves, panicles and spikelets, and is a key regulator of meristem identity determination in both rice （Oryza sativa） vegetative and reproductive development.
文摘One set of genes encoding diverse groups of transcription factors that interact with the Z-box （ATACGTGT; a potential Z-DNA forming sequence） is called ZBFs （Z-box Binding Factors）. ZBFs include ZBF1, ZBF2, and ZBF3, which encode ZBF1/MYC2 （bHLH）, ZBF2/GBF1 （bZIP）, and ZBF3/CAM7 （Calmodulin） proteins, respectively. With several recent reports, it is becoming increasingly evident that ZBFs play crucial roles in Arabidopsis seedling photomorphogenesis. ZBFs integrate signals from various wavelengths of light to coordinate the regulation of transcriptional networks that affect multiple facets of plant growth and development. The function of each ZBF is qualitatively and quantitatively distinct. The zbf mutants display pleiotropic effects including altered hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, lateral root development, and flowering time. In this inaugural review, we discuss the identification, molecular functions, and interacting partners of ZBFs in light-mediated Arabidopsis seedling development.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(20131302110006)
文摘Plant WRKY transcription factors are involved in various physiological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as developmental processes. In this study, the expression patterns of the WRKY68 protein during interactions between rice 4021 containing the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21 and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae（Xoo） were investigated. A possible modified form of the WRKY68 protein appeared in the Xa21-mediated disease resistance response, and its expression levels were similar in compatible and incompatible responses, but differed significantly from that of the mock control treatment, suggesting that WRKY68 may be involved in the bacterial blight response in rice. To further understand WRKY68＇s roles in the resistance signaling pathway, WRKY68 recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and a microscale thermophoresis analysis was performed to investigate the interactions between WRKY68 and cis-elements in crucial pathogenesis-related（PR） genes. The results showed that the WRKY68 protein binds to W-boxes in the PR1 b promoter region, with an apparent dissociation constant of 25 nmol L–1, while the binding between WRKY68 and PR10 a was W-box independent. The results suggested that a possible modified form of the WRKY68 protein was induced during the interaction between rice and Xoo, which then regulated the activity of the downstream PR genes by binding with the W-boxes in the PR1 b gene＇s promoter region. Moreover, the constitutive transcription of the WRKY68 gene in dozens of rice tissues and the expression of the WRKY68 protein in leaves during all growth stages suggests that WRKY68 plays important roles in rice during normal growth processes.
文摘本研究旨在探讨PD-L1和PD-L2在卵巢癌组织中的表达及其与疾病预后的关系。采用免疫组化法检测77例卵巢癌组织PD-L1和PD-L2的表达,取10例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿组织作为对照;Kaplan-Meier法比较不同PD-L1、PD-L2表达水平单独或联合分析对患者术后总生存期(overall survival,OS)的影响;流式细胞术分离TIL及其亚群分析PD-L1、PD-L2的表达。结果显示,PD-L1和PD-L2主要表达在卵巢癌细胞膜上和细胞质中。PD-L1在卵巢癌组织中的高表达率为44.16%,PD-L2的高表达率为22.08%,对照组均低表达。PD-L1表达与患者国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)分期有统计学意义(P=0.026)。Kaplan-Meier法生存分析显示,PD-L1、PD-L2高表达组OS较低表达组显著缩短[风险比(hazard ratio,HR)=2.689,P=0.0005;HR=2.204,P=0.0105]。多因素Cox比例风险模型显示,PD-L1高表达(HR=2.275,P=0.023)、PD-L2高表达(HR=2.314,P=0.021)、FIGO分期(HR=11.229,P=0.024)是影响卵巢癌患者生存的独立危险预后因素。将PD-L1及PD-L2均低表达作为判断指标,OS显著延长(HR=3.396,P<0.0001)。结合前期研究结果,PD-L1阴性且T盒子转录因子(T-box transcription factor,T-bet)^+TIL高浸润的患者OS较其他患者更长(P=0.001),而PD-L1阳性且T-bet^+TIL低浸润的患者OS最短。研究提示PD-L1及PD-L2可能参与了卵巢癌的发生和发展,对卵巢癌的临床诊断及患者预后判断具有潜在价值。
基金Supported by the General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82074429)。
文摘Objective:To explore the possible effects and mechanism of Zhizhu Decoction(ZZD)on the pathophysiology of slow transit constipation(STC).Methods A total of 54 C57BL/6 mice was randomly divided into the following 6 groups by a random number table,including control,STC model(model),positive control,and low-,medium-and high-doses ZZD treatment groups(5,10,20 g/kg,namely L,M-,and H-ZZD,respectively),9 mice in each group.Following 2-week treatment,intestinal transport rate(ITR)and fecal water content were determined,and blood and colon tissue samples were collected.Hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to evaluate the morphology of colon tissues and calculate the number of goblet cells.To determine intestinal permeability,serum levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),low-density lipoprotein(LDL)and mannose were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Western blot analysis was carried out to detect the expression levels of intestinal tight junction proteins zona-occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,occludin and recombinant mucin 2(MUC2).The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-4,IL-10 and IL-22 were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative reverse transcription reaction.Colon indexes of oxidative stress were measured by ELISA,and protein expression levels of colon silent information regulator 1/forkhead box O transcription factor 1(SIRT1/FoxO1)antioxidant signaling pathway were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group,ITR and fecal moisture were significantly enhanced in STC mice in the M-ZZD and H-ZZD groups(P<0.01).Additionally,ZZD treatment notably increased the thickness of mucosal and muscular tissue,elevated the number of goblet cells in the colon of STC mice,reduced the secretion levels of LPS,LDL and mannose,and upregulated ZO-1,claudin-1,occludin and MUC2 expressions in the colon in a dose-dependent manner,compared with the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In addition,ZZD
