A strategy to improve aquaculture mollusks in genetics, which involve the theory, method, material and application system, is very important for the sustainable development of the marine molluscan breeding and industr...A strategy to improve aquaculture mollusks in genetics, which involve the theory, method, material and application system, is very important for the sustainable development of the marine molluscan breeding and industry. Selection and hybridization as the traditional way have proved effective in the genetic improvement of mariculture mollusks. The growth had increased significantly by selective breeding in oysters as well as the resisitance to MSX and QX disease. A frame chart of genetic improvement of mollusks had been derived from the breeding application of abalone and scallop. The systematic breeding with selection and hybridization has a substantial progress based on the family establishment in Haliotis discus hannai, H. diversicolor, Argopecten irradians, Chlamys farreri and Pinctada martensii. The first self-fertilized family of bay scallop had been established in the 1999 and then a series of family lines with different traits have been succeed and formed the basic element of genetic breeding. The hybridization of Pacific abalone between diffeent populations with a large genetic distance has showed a remarkable traits. The hybrid of Pacific abalone has applied to improve the traits of growth and resistance in the aquaculture and 98% seed used in the farming is hybrid. The hybridization among populations has used in other mariculture mollusks such as zhikong scallop, bay scallop, pearl oyster and small abalone. Hybridization among different populations and systematic and massive selection are the dominant approaches in the genetic improvement of mollusks. So far in China the material system for molluscan genetics and breeding is more considerable as well as the basic theory of heritability, heterosis, inbreeding depression, genetic-environment interaction for the genetic improvement. The different lines have been produced by self-fertilization, inbreeding and crossing and some self-fertilized lines of bay scallop have been bred to F4 successively. The color traits heritable are useful as the marker of selec展开更多
Biotechnology policies and regulations must be revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in plantbreeding technology. New Plant Breeding Techniques(NPBT) such as gene editing have been applied to address...Biotechnology policies and regulations must be revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in plantbreeding technology. New Plant Breeding Techniques(NPBT) such as gene editing have been applied to address the myriad of challenges in plant breeding, while the use of NPBT as emerging biotechnological tools raises legal and ethical concerns. This study aims to highlight how gene editing is operationalized in the existing literature and examine the critical issues of ethical and legal issues of gene editing for plant breeding. We carried out a systematic literature review(SLR) to provide the current states of ethical and legal discourses surrounding this topic. We also identified critical research priority areas and policy gaps that must be addressed when designing the future governance of gene editing in plant breeding.展开更多
文摘A strategy to improve aquaculture mollusks in genetics, which involve the theory, method, material and application system, is very important for the sustainable development of the marine molluscan breeding and industry. Selection and hybridization as the traditional way have proved effective in the genetic improvement of mariculture mollusks. The growth had increased significantly by selective breeding in oysters as well as the resisitance to MSX and QX disease. A frame chart of genetic improvement of mollusks had been derived from the breeding application of abalone and scallop. The systematic breeding with selection and hybridization has a substantial progress based on the family establishment in Haliotis discus hannai, H. diversicolor, Argopecten irradians, Chlamys farreri and Pinctada martensii. The first self-fertilized family of bay scallop had been established in the 1999 and then a series of family lines with different traits have been succeed and formed the basic element of genetic breeding. The hybridization of Pacific abalone between diffeent populations with a large genetic distance has showed a remarkable traits. The hybrid of Pacific abalone has applied to improve the traits of growth and resistance in the aquaculture and 98% seed used in the farming is hybrid. The hybridization among populations has used in other mariculture mollusks such as zhikong scallop, bay scallop, pearl oyster and small abalone. Hybridization among different populations and systematic and massive selection are the dominant approaches in the genetic improvement of mollusks. So far in China the material system for molluscan genetics and breeding is more considerable as well as the basic theory of heritability, heterosis, inbreeding depression, genetic-environment interaction for the genetic improvement. The different lines have been produced by self-fertilization, inbreeding and crossing and some self-fertilized lines of bay scallop have been bred to F4 successively. The color traits heritable are useful as the marker of selec
基金supported by the Ministry of Higher Education(MoHE)Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(No.FRGS/1/2021/SS0/UM/02/6)the Universiti Malaya Research University Grant(No.RU004A-2020).
文摘Biotechnology policies and regulations must be revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in plantbreeding technology. New Plant Breeding Techniques(NPBT) such as gene editing have been applied to address the myriad of challenges in plant breeding, while the use of NPBT as emerging biotechnological tools raises legal and ethical concerns. This study aims to highlight how gene editing is operationalized in the existing literature and examine the critical issues of ethical and legal issues of gene editing for plant breeding. We carried out a systematic literature review(SLR) to provide the current states of ethical and legal discourses surrounding this topic. We also identified critical research priority areas and policy gaps that must be addressed when designing the future governance of gene editing in plant breeding.
