The article shows that the situation of agricultural cooperatives in the world in general and agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam in particular are facing certain challenges in the context of globalization in the 21s...The article shows that the situation of agricultural cooperatives in the world in general and agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam in particular are facing certain challenges in the context of globalization in the 21st century.The article points out limitations on:the nature,principles of democratic member control and principles of surplus distribution of the International Cooperative Alliance,as well as Vietnamese law in cooperative management.展开更多
In the present paper surplus process perturbed by diffusion are considered. The distributions of the surplus immediately before and at ruin corresponding to the probabilities of ruin caused by oscillation and ruin cau...In the present paper surplus process perturbed by diffusion are considered. The distributions of the surplus immediately before and at ruin corresponding to the probabilities of ruin caused by oscillation and ruin caused by a claim are studied. Some joint distribution densities are obtained. Techniques from martingale theory and renewal theory are used.展开更多
文摘The article shows that the situation of agricultural cooperatives in the world in general and agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam in particular are facing certain challenges in the context of globalization in the 21st century.The article points out limitations on:the nature,principles of democratic member control and principles of surplus distribution of the International Cooperative Alliance,as well as Vietnamese law in cooperative management.
基金Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No.19971047).
文摘In the present paper surplus process perturbed by diffusion are considered. The distributions of the surplus immediately before and at ruin corresponding to the probabilities of ruin caused by oscillation and ruin caused by a claim are studied. Some joint distribution densities are obtained. Techniques from martingale theory and renewal theory are used.
