Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the success of the establishment and growth of micro-cuttings of potato (5 - 6 cm tall) in sand trays [38 cm (L) × 28 cm (W) × 7.5 cm (H) plastic trays] un...Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the success of the establishment and growth of micro-cuttings of potato (5 - 6 cm tall) in sand trays [38 cm (L) × 28 cm (W) × 7.5 cm (H) plastic trays] under controlled environment (22?C ± 2?C, 60 - 75 μmosm–1?s–1 light energy for 16 h daily). In the first experiment, micro-cuttings of potato cv. Diamant were planted at six populations (500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 cuttings per tray) in treated sand (sun dry, 1% formaldehyde, 0.2% Dithane M-45 and control). The mortality percentage of micro-cuttings was nil for sun dry sand while formaldehyde and dithane M-45 treated sand had 1% - 4% against 15% in the control with the highest population density. Mortality of micro-cuttings in formaldehyde and dithane M-45 treated sand trays were found not to be related to pathogenic organism rather toxic effect of these two chemicals. Micro-cuttings in Sun dry and control treatments showed better growth performance than these in chemically treated sand trays. In the second experiment, urea @ 1, 2 and 3 g per tray was applied as solid form after 15 days of planting the micro-cuttings and as liquid form @ 0.5, 1 and 2% solution sprayed in the micro-cuttings repeatedly after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of planting. The micro-cuttings which received urea as solid state died within 2 - 3 days and 2% urea solution was also detrimental. Urea solution @ 0.5% found to be very effective for vegetative growth of micro-cuttings in sand trays. The control was also good for vegetative growth but at a slower rate.展开更多
Fishes are suitable for sun drying and smoking. But their high contains of unsaturated fatty acids mak</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span><span style="font-family:Verd...Fishes are suitable for sun drying and smoking. But their high contains of unsaturated fatty acids mak</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> them very prone to lipid oxidation. However, some plants are rich in natural antioxidants and have been shown to be potent inhibitors of lipid oxidation during processing of meat. The effect of three aqueous plants extracts on lipid stability of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oreochromis niloticus</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected in Far-North Cameroon during processing was evaluated. Results show the high nutritious of these fish with high levels of proteins, lipid and ash (71.02</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 13.71</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 10.65%, respectively). It has been observed that oleic acid (C18:1), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2) are the most dominant fatty acids present in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oreochromis niloticus</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lipids. Their lipid also showed a much higher content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to omega 6 PUFA. The total phenolic contents (TPC) of the three plants ranged from 12</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">150 to 16</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">050 mg/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g. The leaves of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Moringa oleifera</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"展开更多
为研究四种干燥方式对云南白茶香气品质影响,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Headspace Solid-Phase Micro Extraction and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC/MS),结合相对香气活度值(relative odor activit...为研究四种干燥方式对云南白茶香气品质影响,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Headspace Solid-Phase Micro Extraction and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC/MS),结合相对香气活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)法分析阴干、阴晒结合、晒干、烘干云南白茶的挥发性成分。结果表明:共检测出91种有效香气成分,以醇类、烯烃类挥发性成分种类为主,芳樟醇、β-蒎烯、水杨酸甲酯、苯乙醇、α-石竹烯、苯乙醛相对含量较高,不同干燥方式下茶香螺烷、反式青叶醇、己醇、2,2,3-三甲基-环丁酮、1-辛烯-3-醇、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、苯甲酸甲酯、(E)-2-辛烯醇、苯甲醇的相对含量存在明显差异。ROAV法分析结果显示:云南白茶的主要香气贡献挥发性成分有6种,分别是2-庚醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、芳樟醇、香叶醇、苯乙醛、β-蒎烯。综合评价结果可知:不同干燥方式影响云南白茶香气类型和品质,阴干白茶清香带毫香,加工时间较长。晒干与晒阴结合干燥白茶带有日晒味。烘干白茶显花香,加工周期较短且不易受环境影响。展开更多
This paper presents an experimental analysis for comparisons of conventional flat plate solar collectors and collectors integrated with different numbers of baffles. Heat transfer between absorber plate and drying flu...This paper presents an experimental analysis for comparisons of conventional flat plate solar collectors and collectors integrated with different numbers of baffles. Heat transfer between absorber plate and drying fluid (air) has been one of the major challenges in the design and operations of the indirect solar dryer systems. In this experiment, efficiency of air flat plate solar collector integrated with 2, 3, 4 and 8 baffles was studied and compared with the ordinary collector. The results showed that integrating solar collector with baffles significantly increased the efficiency of the system. It was noted that collector with 2, 3, 4 and 8 baffles had a mean efficiency of 29.2%, 31.3%, 33.1% and 33.7% respectively while with no baffles was 28.9%. The analysis showed that when there were less than four baffles in the collector, heat transfer was dominant over pressure drop and hence high efficiency. However, when the number of baffles exceeded four, the effect associated with an increase in pressure drop highly observed compared to heat transfer coefficient, thus resulted to insignificant increase in efficiency. Therefore, the optimum number of four baffles was commended for the designed model for optimum efficiency.展开更多
文摘Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the success of the establishment and growth of micro-cuttings of potato (5 - 6 cm tall) in sand trays [38 cm (L) × 28 cm (W) × 7.5 cm (H) plastic trays] under controlled environment (22?C ± 2?C, 60 - 75 μmosm–1?s–1 light energy for 16 h daily). In the first experiment, micro-cuttings of potato cv. Diamant were planted at six populations (500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 cuttings per tray) in treated sand (sun dry, 1% formaldehyde, 0.2% Dithane M-45 and control). The mortality percentage of micro-cuttings was nil for sun dry sand while formaldehyde and dithane M-45 treated sand had 1% - 4% against 15% in the control with the highest population density. Mortality of micro-cuttings in formaldehyde and dithane M-45 treated sand trays were found not to be related to pathogenic organism rather toxic effect of these two chemicals. Micro-cuttings in Sun dry and control treatments showed better growth performance than these in chemically treated sand trays. In the second experiment, urea @ 1, 2 and 3 g per tray was applied as solid form after 15 days of planting the micro-cuttings and as liquid form @ 0.5, 1 and 2% solution sprayed in the micro-cuttings repeatedly after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of planting. The micro-cuttings which received urea as solid state died within 2 - 3 days and 2% urea solution was also detrimental. Urea solution @ 0.5% found to be very effective for vegetative growth of micro-cuttings in sand trays. The control was also good for vegetative growth but at a slower rate.
文摘Fishes are suitable for sun drying and smoking. But their high contains of unsaturated fatty acids mak</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> them very prone to lipid oxidation. However, some plants are rich in natural antioxidants and have been shown to be potent inhibitors of lipid oxidation during processing of meat. The effect of three aqueous plants extracts on lipid stability of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oreochromis niloticus</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected in Far-North Cameroon during processing was evaluated. Results show the high nutritious of these fish with high levels of proteins, lipid and ash (71.02</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 13.71</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 10.65%, respectively). It has been observed that oleic acid (C18:1), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2) are the most dominant fatty acids present in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oreochromis niloticus</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lipids. Their lipid also showed a much higher content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to omega 6 PUFA. The total phenolic contents (TPC) of the three plants ranged from 12</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">150 to 16</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">050 mg/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g. The leaves of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Moringa oleifera</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"
文摘为研究四种干燥方式对云南白茶香气品质影响,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Headspace Solid-Phase Micro Extraction and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC/MS),结合相对香气活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)法分析阴干、阴晒结合、晒干、烘干云南白茶的挥发性成分。结果表明:共检测出91种有效香气成分,以醇类、烯烃类挥发性成分种类为主,芳樟醇、β-蒎烯、水杨酸甲酯、苯乙醇、α-石竹烯、苯乙醛相对含量较高,不同干燥方式下茶香螺烷、反式青叶醇、己醇、2,2,3-三甲基-环丁酮、1-辛烯-3-醇、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、苯甲酸甲酯、(E)-2-辛烯醇、苯甲醇的相对含量存在明显差异。ROAV法分析结果显示:云南白茶的主要香气贡献挥发性成分有6种,分别是2-庚醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、芳樟醇、香叶醇、苯乙醛、β-蒎烯。综合评价结果可知:不同干燥方式影响云南白茶香气类型和品质,阴干白茶清香带毫香,加工时间较长。晒干与晒阴结合干燥白茶带有日晒味。烘干白茶显花香,加工周期较短且不易受环境影响。
文摘This paper presents an experimental analysis for comparisons of conventional flat plate solar collectors and collectors integrated with different numbers of baffles. Heat transfer between absorber plate and drying fluid (air) has been one of the major challenges in the design and operations of the indirect solar dryer systems. In this experiment, efficiency of air flat plate solar collector integrated with 2, 3, 4 and 8 baffles was studied and compared with the ordinary collector. The results showed that integrating solar collector with baffles significantly increased the efficiency of the system. It was noted that collector with 2, 3, 4 and 8 baffles had a mean efficiency of 29.2%, 31.3%, 33.1% and 33.7% respectively while with no baffles was 28.9%. The analysis showed that when there were less than four baffles in the collector, heat transfer was dominant over pressure drop and hence high efficiency. However, when the number of baffles exceeded four, the effect associated with an increase in pressure drop highly observed compared to heat transfer coefficient, thus resulted to insignificant increase in efficiency. Therefore, the optimum number of four baffles was commended for the designed model for optimum efficiency.
