Background: Ethiopia has shown notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the past two decades.Because of this progress,the country has shifted efforts from control to elimination of malaria.This study wa...Background: Ethiopia has shown notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the past two decades.Because of this progress,the country has shifted efforts from control to elimination of malaria.This study was conducted to analyse the malaria epidemiology and stratification of incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern Ethiopia.Methods:: A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the epidemiology of malaria by reviewing the district health office data from 2013 to 2019 in Harari Region.In addition,three years of sub-district level malaria data were used to stratify the malaria transmission intensity.Malaria interventions(Long-lasting insecticidal nets[LLIN]and indoor residual spraying[IRS])employed were reviewed to analyse the intervention coverage at the Regional level.Descriptive statistics were used to show the malaria transmission in terms of years,season and species of the malaria parasite.Incidence rate per 1000 population and death rate per 1000000 population at risk were computed using the total population of each year.Results: In the Harari Region,malaria incidence showed a more pronounced declining trend from 2017 to 2019.Plasmodium falciparum,P.vivax and mixed infections accounted for 69.2%,30.6%and 0.2%of the cases,respectively.There was an increment in malaria intervention coverage and improved malaria diagnosis.In the year 2019 the coverage of LLIN and IRS in the Region were 93.4%and 85.1%respectively.The annual malaria incidence rate dropped from 42.9 cases per 1000 population in 2013 to 6.7 cases per 1000 population in 2019.Malaria-related deaths decreased from 4.7 deaths per 1000000 people annually in 2013 to zero,and there have been no deaths reported since 2015.The malaria risk appears to be heterogeneous and varies between districts.A higher number of malaria cases were recorded in Erer and Jenella districts,which constitute 62%of the cases in the Region.According to the sub-district level malaria stratification,there was shrinkage in the malaria transmission map and 展开更多
Existing literature has documented relationships between public service competence and performance as well as some of the mechanisms underlying these links.However,the pathways by which competence are associated with ...Existing literature has documented relationships between public service competence and performance as well as some of the mechanisms underlying these links.However,the pathways by which competence are associated with performance during performing the job in the government official circumstances require further investigation.This study examined a model of the roles of public service competence in performance with a focus on social sensitivity as mediators in the putative chain of events linking the competence with performance.The sample comprised 155 camat(sub-district head)in West Java,Indonesia.A cross-sectional design was used with measures of all variables that administered.In structural equations analyses,competence was associated with greater social sensitivity and greater job performance.Furthermore,public service competence was indirectly associated with performance via the social sensitivity.The findings of this study replicate existing theory concerning the direct and indirect relationships of competence and performance,and extend these theory by elucidating the pathways through which predictor is linked with outcome during a typically sensitivity condition.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the performance and potential of development local sheep in sub-district Kaliangkrik. Respondents were taken from sheep farmers in the village Munggangsari and Wonocoyo with the number of ...This study aimed to evaluate the performance and potential of development local sheep in sub-district Kaliangkrik. Respondents were taken from sheep farmers in the village Munggangsari and Wonocoyo with the number of livestock ownership of at least two tails. This study used a survey method, with sampling of respondents in the census. The results showed the average number of sheep ownership as much as 0.47 animal units （AU） with a range of 0.14 AU to 1.15 AU. The largest population structure is lamb （25.66%）, ewe （23.03%）, ram （18.61%）, ram lamb （16.92%） and ewe lamb （15.79%）. Sex ratio of ram： ewe is 1：1.5 for adult sheep and 1：1.2 for lambs. Weight of ram is 26.75 kg and ewes 26.37 kg; weight of male lamb is 8.42 kg, with average daily gain （ADG） 48.11 g/head/day, while the female lamb 6.61 kg with ADG 44.13 g/head/day. The average sheep lambing interval was 8.4 months, with an average litter size of 1.3 tails. Based on the calculation of the adequacy of feed, the obtained level of sufficiency （feed production ratio and feed requirement） is 1.89, which means the area has adequate feed production. It was concluded that sheep productivity was good enough and potentially to be developed in Kaliangkrik region.展开更多
文摘Background: Ethiopia has shown notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the past two decades.Because of this progress,the country has shifted efforts from control to elimination of malaria.This study was conducted to analyse the malaria epidemiology and stratification of incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern Ethiopia.Methods:: A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the epidemiology of malaria by reviewing the district health office data from 2013 to 2019 in Harari Region.In addition,three years of sub-district level malaria data were used to stratify the malaria transmission intensity.Malaria interventions(Long-lasting insecticidal nets[LLIN]and indoor residual spraying[IRS])employed were reviewed to analyse the intervention coverage at the Regional level.Descriptive statistics were used to show the malaria transmission in terms of years,season and species of the malaria parasite.Incidence rate per 1000 population and death rate per 1000000 population at risk were computed using the total population of each year.Results: In the Harari Region,malaria incidence showed a more pronounced declining trend from 2017 to 2019.Plasmodium falciparum,P.vivax and mixed infections accounted for 69.2%,30.6%and 0.2%of the cases,respectively.There was an increment in malaria intervention coverage and improved malaria diagnosis.In the year 2019 the coverage of LLIN and IRS in the Region were 93.4%and 85.1%respectively.The annual malaria incidence rate dropped from 42.9 cases per 1000 population in 2013 to 6.7 cases per 1000 population in 2019.Malaria-related deaths decreased from 4.7 deaths per 1000000 people annually in 2013 to zero,and there have been no deaths reported since 2015.The malaria risk appears to be heterogeneous and varies between districts.A higher number of malaria cases were recorded in Erer and Jenella districts,which constitute 62%of the cases in the Region.According to the sub-district level malaria stratification,there was shrinkage in the malaria transmission map and
文摘Existing literature has documented relationships between public service competence and performance as well as some of the mechanisms underlying these links.However,the pathways by which competence are associated with performance during performing the job in the government official circumstances require further investigation.This study examined a model of the roles of public service competence in performance with a focus on social sensitivity as mediators in the putative chain of events linking the competence with performance.The sample comprised 155 camat(sub-district head)in West Java,Indonesia.A cross-sectional design was used with measures of all variables that administered.In structural equations analyses,competence was associated with greater social sensitivity and greater job performance.Furthermore,public service competence was indirectly associated with performance via the social sensitivity.The findings of this study replicate existing theory concerning the direct and indirect relationships of competence and performance,and extend these theory by elucidating the pathways through which predictor is linked with outcome during a typically sensitivity condition.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the performance and potential of development local sheep in sub-district Kaliangkrik. Respondents were taken from sheep farmers in the village Munggangsari and Wonocoyo with the number of livestock ownership of at least two tails. This study used a survey method, with sampling of respondents in the census. The results showed the average number of sheep ownership as much as 0.47 animal units （AU） with a range of 0.14 AU to 1.15 AU. The largest population structure is lamb （25.66%）, ewe （23.03%）, ram （18.61%）, ram lamb （16.92%） and ewe lamb （15.79%）. Sex ratio of ram： ewe is 1：1.5 for adult sheep and 1：1.2 for lambs. Weight of ram is 26.75 kg and ewes 26.37 kg; weight of male lamb is 8.42 kg, with average daily gain （ADG） 48.11 g/head/day, while the female lamb 6.61 kg with ADG 44.13 g/head/day. The average sheep lambing interval was 8.4 months, with an average litter size of 1.3 tails. Based on the calculation of the adequacy of feed, the obtained level of sufficiency （feed production ratio and feed requirement） is 1.89, which means the area has adequate feed production. It was concluded that sheep productivity was good enough and potentially to be developed in Kaliangkrik region.
