页岩气的生成和聚集具有不同于常规油气藏的独特规律,页岩气储层的研究是页岩气勘探与开发的核心问题。目前,对焦石坝地区页岩气储层的认识是相对有限的,需要对本区页岩气储层做进一步研究。基于大量实验室测试数据的统计分析显示:上奥...页岩气的生成和聚集具有不同于常规油气藏的独特规律,页岩气储层的研究是页岩气勘探与开发的核心问题。目前,对焦石坝地区页岩气储层的认识是相对有限的,需要对本区页岩气储层做进一步研究。基于大量实验室测试数据的统计分析显示:上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组目的层段总有机碳(TOC)含量介于0.55%~5.89%,平均为2.54%,且具有自上而下有机碳含量逐渐增加的趋势;基于全岩X-射线衍射分析方法,页岩中黏土矿物含量介于16.6%~62.8%,平均为40.9%,自上而下逐渐减少,脆性矿物含量自上而下逐渐增加,总量介于37.2%~83.4%,平均为59.1%;基于氦气注入法检测了目的层段的孔隙度,实测氦气孔隙度介于1.17%~7.98%,平均为4.61%,目的层段孔隙度呈现出'两高夹一低'的三分性特征;稳态法水平渗透率介于0.002~335.209 m D,平均为23.785 m D;通过高压压汞法对储层孔隙结构进行了研究,大量的测试数据表明,介孔级别的孔隙发育,且介孔提供了主要的孔比表面积,而介孔和大孔对渗透率起主要的贡献;将氩离子剖光技术和扫描电镜(SEM)相结合对储层的孔隙类型进行了观察,总体表现为自上而下有机孔隙增加、无机孔隙减少;由解吸法测得总含气量介于0.44~5.19 m3/t,平均为1.97 m3/t,从上到下呈现出逐渐增大的趋势。研究表明,焦页1井海相页岩气储层发育的控制因素有矿物组成和有机质发育特征等。TOC是控制下部储层段的主要内在因素,也是提供页岩气储存空间的重要物质;成岩阶段晚期,黏土矿物组合发生变化,蒙脱石向伊利石转变,形成新的微孔隙,增加了储层的孔隙度,对上部储层段有较大影响;脆性矿物含量大于50%,易于形成裂缝,可造成地层渗透性能的显著增强。总体来看,五峰组和龙马溪组的底部层段是优质储层,也是主要的产气层段。展开更多
The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, China. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/r...The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, China. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan, which crosses Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Dianxi (western Yunnan) tectonic zone, we recon- struct the crustal structure with seismic traveltime tomography for crustal P-wave velocity and the seismic scattering image for crustal seismic reflection structure. In this paper, we firstly present the crustal structure images of P-wave velocity and seismic reflection under the wide-angle seismic profile. These results demonstrate that, the crustal velocity structure and seismic reflec- tion structure along the profile can be divided into 3 segments, and there is an obvious difference of crustal structure among the eastern, the western and the middle segment. Generally, crustal P-wave velocities in the Baoshan segment are 0.1―0.2 km/s slower and seismic reflection am- plitudes from Moho discontinuity are stronger than the other 2 segments. In the studied area, crustal thickness is about 40 km, and shows the thickening tendency from west to east along the profile. Additionally, it can be seen that there is one strong-amplitude seismic reflection event as bright points at the depths of 8―10 km, along the segment of 80―115 km of the profile (south- ward of Tengchong); and seismic reflection wave-field from Moho discontinuity varies obviously along the lateral direction. Finally, we make some discussions on the crustal thickening pattern in the Sanjiang fault belt, structural environment of earthquake development and the contact rela- tionship between the Tengchong block, Banshan block and Luxi trough.展开更多
The irrational land use is one of the main reasons for the soil erosion and nutrient loss in the loess hilly area of China. In this project, 4 types of typical land use structure of sustain ment for about 15 years in ...The irrational land use is one of the main reasons for the soil erosion and nutrient loss in the loess hilly area of China. In this project, 4 types of typical land use structure of sustain ment for about 15 years in the loess hill slope are selected to study the effect of land use structure on the distribution of soil nutrients. From hill bottom to hill top, the patterns of land use types are:, grassland-slope farmland-forest, slope farmland-grassland-forest, terrace-grassland-forest and slope farmland-forest-grassland. By measuring the contents of the total N, total P, available N, available P and organic matter of soils, the results show that the land use structure types of slope farmland-grassland-forest and terrace-grassland-forest have a better capacity to maintain the soil nutrients.展开更多
文摘页岩气的生成和聚集具有不同于常规油气藏的独特规律,页岩气储层的研究是页岩气勘探与开发的核心问题。目前,对焦石坝地区页岩气储层的认识是相对有限的,需要对本区页岩气储层做进一步研究。基于大量实验室测试数据的统计分析显示:上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组目的层段总有机碳(TOC)含量介于0.55%~5.89%,平均为2.54%,且具有自上而下有机碳含量逐渐增加的趋势;基于全岩X-射线衍射分析方法,页岩中黏土矿物含量介于16.6%~62.8%,平均为40.9%,自上而下逐渐减少,脆性矿物含量自上而下逐渐增加,总量介于37.2%~83.4%,平均为59.1%;基于氦气注入法检测了目的层段的孔隙度,实测氦气孔隙度介于1.17%~7.98%,平均为4.61%,目的层段孔隙度呈现出'两高夹一低'的三分性特征;稳态法水平渗透率介于0.002~335.209 m D,平均为23.785 m D;通过高压压汞法对储层孔隙结构进行了研究,大量的测试数据表明,介孔级别的孔隙发育,且介孔提供了主要的孔比表面积,而介孔和大孔对渗透率起主要的贡献;将氩离子剖光技术和扫描电镜(SEM)相结合对储层的孔隙类型进行了观察,总体表现为自上而下有机孔隙增加、无机孔隙减少;由解吸法测得总含气量介于0.44~5.19 m3/t,平均为1.97 m3/t,从上到下呈现出逐渐增大的趋势。研究表明,焦页1井海相页岩气储层发育的控制因素有矿物组成和有机质发育特征等。TOC是控制下部储层段的主要内在因素,也是提供页岩气储存空间的重要物质;成岩阶段晚期,黏土矿物组合发生变化,蒙脱石向伊利石转变,形成新的微孔隙,增加了储层的孔隙度,对上部储层段有较大影响;脆性矿物含量大于50%,易于形成裂缝,可造成地层渗透性能的显著增强。总体来看,五峰组和龙马溪组的底部层段是优质储层,也是主要的产气层段。
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-109)the“973”Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2002CB412604).
文摘The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, China. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan, which crosses Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Dianxi (western Yunnan) tectonic zone, we recon- struct the crustal structure with seismic traveltime tomography for crustal P-wave velocity and the seismic scattering image for crustal seismic reflection structure. In this paper, we firstly present the crustal structure images of P-wave velocity and seismic reflection under the wide-angle seismic profile. These results demonstrate that, the crustal velocity structure and seismic reflec- tion structure along the profile can be divided into 3 segments, and there is an obvious difference of crustal structure among the eastern, the western and the middle segment. Generally, crustal P-wave velocities in the Baoshan segment are 0.1―0.2 km/s slower and seismic reflection am- plitudes from Moho discontinuity are stronger than the other 2 segments. In the studied area, crustal thickness is about 40 km, and shows the thickening tendency from west to east along the profile. Additionally, it can be seen that there is one strong-amplitude seismic reflection event as bright points at the depths of 8―10 km, along the segment of 80―115 km of the profile (south- ward of Tengchong); and seismic reflection wave-field from Moho discontinuity varies obviously along the lateral direction. Finally, we make some discussions on the crustal thickening pattern in the Sanjiang fault belt, structural environment of earthquake development and the contact rela- tionship between the Tengchong block, Banshan block and Luxi trough.
文摘The irrational land use is one of the main reasons for the soil erosion and nutrient loss in the loess hilly area of China. In this project, 4 types of typical land use structure of sustain ment for about 15 years in the loess hill slope are selected to study the effect of land use structure on the distribution of soil nutrients. From hill bottom to hill top, the patterns of land use types are:, grassland-slope farmland-forest, slope farmland-grassland-forest, terrace-grassland-forest and slope farmland-forest-grassland. By measuring the contents of the total N, total P, available N, available P and organic matter of soils, the results show that the land use structure types of slope farmland-grassland-forest and terrace-grassland-forest have a better capacity to maintain the soil nutrients.
