介绍并对比弹性和非弹性“分析设计”方法中的主要方法,以反映分析设计方法的发展趋势。在工程应用上的基于弹性分析设计方法有:等效线性化方法、两步法、一次结构法、弹性补偿法和GLO SS R-N ode法。这些方法各有特点和局限性。基于弹...介绍并对比弹性和非弹性“分析设计”方法中的主要方法,以反映分析设计方法的发展趋势。在工程应用上的基于弹性分析设计方法有:等效线性化方法、两步法、一次结构法、弹性补偿法和GLO SS R-N ode法。这些方法各有特点和局限性。基于弹塑性理论的分析设计方法回避了弹性方法中应力分类法的实现难点等局限性,并已被编入欧盟的设计标准和美国的A SM E规范。对一实例采用了不同的分析设计方法,结果表明,弹性和非弹性分析设计方法在应用过程和计算结果等方面都有较大的不同。压力容器的分析设计方法正逐步从弹性分析设计方法向非弹性分析设计方法方向发展。展开更多
The cytochrome P450 （CYP） superfamily is the largest enzymatic protein family in plants, and it also widely exists in mammals, fungi, bacteria, insects and so on. Members of this superfamily are involved in multiple...The cytochrome P450 （CYP） superfamily is the largest enzymatic protein family in plants, and it also widely exists in mammals, fungi, bacteria, insects and so on. Members of this superfamily are involved in multiple metabolic pathways with distinct and complex functions, playing important roles in a vast array of reactions. As a result, numerous secondary metabolites are synthesized that function as growth and developmental signals or protect plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we summarize the characterization of CYPs, as well as their phylogenetic classification. We also focus on recent advances in elucidating the roles of CYPs in mediating plant growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stresses responses, providing insights into their potential utilization in plant breeding.展开更多
The Receptor-Like Kinase （RLK） is a vast protein family with over 600 genes in Arabidopsis and 1100 in rice. The Lectin RLK （LecRLK） family is believed to play crucial roles in saccharide signaling as well as stre...The Receptor-Like Kinase （RLK） is a vast protein family with over 600 genes in Arabidopsis and 1100 in rice. The Lectin RLK （LecRLK） family is believed to play crucial roles in saccharide signaling as well as stress perception. All the LecRLKs possess three domains： an N-terminal lectin domain, an intermediate transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal kinase domain. On the basis of lectin domain variability, LecRLKs have been subgrouped into three subclasses： L-, G-, and C-type LecRLKs. While the previous studies on LecRLKs were dedicated to classification, comparative structural analysis and expression analysis by promoter-based studies, most of the recent studies on LecRLKs have laid special emphasis on the potential of this gene family in regulating biotic/abiotic stress and developmental pathways in plants, thus mak- ing the prospects of studying the LecRLK-mediated regulatory mechanism exceptionally promising. In this review, we have described in detail the LecRLK gene family with respect to a historical, evolutionary, and structural point of view. Furthermore, we have laid emphasis on the LecRLKs roles in development, stress conditions, and hormonal response. We have also discussed the exciting research prospects offered by the current knowledge on the LecRLK gene family. The multitude of the LecRLK gene family members and their functional diversity mark these genes as both interesting and worthy candidates for further analysis, especially in the field of crop improvement.展开更多
文摘介绍并对比弹性和非弹性“分析设计”方法中的主要方法,以反映分析设计方法的发展趋势。在工程应用上的基于弹性分析设计方法有:等效线性化方法、两步法、一次结构法、弹性补偿法和GLO SS R-N ode法。这些方法各有特点和局限性。基于弹塑性理论的分析设计方法回避了弹性方法中应力分类法的实现难点等局限性,并已被编入欧盟的设计标准和美国的A SM E规范。对一实例采用了不同的分析设计方法,结果表明,弹性和非弹性分析设计方法在应用过程和计算结果等方面都有较大的不同。压力容器的分析设计方法正逐步从弹性分析设计方法向非弹性分析设计方法方向发展。
基金financially supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171590)funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (010-809001)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, China (No.10)
文摘The cytochrome P450 （CYP） superfamily is the largest enzymatic protein family in plants, and it also widely exists in mammals, fungi, bacteria, insects and so on. Members of this superfamily are involved in multiple metabolic pathways with distinct and complex functions, playing important roles in a vast array of reactions. As a result, numerous secondary metabolites are synthesized that function as growth and developmental signals or protect plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we summarize the characterization of CYPs, as well as their phylogenetic classification. We also focus on recent advances in elucidating the roles of CYPs in mediating plant growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stresses responses, providing insights into their potential utilization in plant breeding.
文摘The Receptor-Like Kinase （RLK） is a vast protein family with over 600 genes in Arabidopsis and 1100 in rice. The Lectin RLK （LecRLK） family is believed to play crucial roles in saccharide signaling as well as stress perception. All the LecRLKs possess three domains： an N-terminal lectin domain, an intermediate transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal kinase domain. On the basis of lectin domain variability, LecRLKs have been subgrouped into three subclasses： L-, G-, and C-type LecRLKs. While the previous studies on LecRLKs were dedicated to classification, comparative structural analysis and expression analysis by promoter-based studies, most of the recent studies on LecRLKs have laid special emphasis on the potential of this gene family in regulating biotic/abiotic stress and developmental pathways in plants, thus mak- ing the prospects of studying the LecRLK-mediated regulatory mechanism exceptionally promising. In this review, we have described in detail the LecRLK gene family with respect to a historical, evolutionary, and structural point of view. Furthermore, we have laid emphasis on the LecRLKs roles in development, stress conditions, and hormonal response. We have also discussed the exciting research prospects offered by the current knowledge on the LecRLK gene family. The multitude of the LecRLK gene family members and their functional diversity mark these genes as both interesting and worthy candidates for further analysis, especially in the field of crop improvement.
