Micromixing in the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor (SCISR) developed by the authors is investigated with the Bourne's reaction scheme. The values measured for the impinging velocity, u0, under the ...Micromixing in the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor (SCISR) developed by the authors is investigated with the Bourne's reaction scheme. The values measured for the impinging velocity, u0, under the conditions of SCISR normal operation, only is of the order of 0.1m·s^-1, are much slower than that inferred,suggesting low power requirement for operation. The values of the characteristic time constant for micromixing,tM, determined in the impinging velocity range of 0.184m·s^-1 < u0 < 0.326m·s^-1 are ranged from 192ms to 87 ms, showing that impinging streams promotes micromixing very efficiently. The data follow approximately the relationship of tM∝ u0^-1.5. A comparative study shows that the micromixing performance of SCISR is much better than that of the traditional stirred tank reactor. The tM values predicted with the existing theoretical model are systematically longer than those measured by about 2--3 times, implying that the regularity of impinging streams promoting micromixing is unclear yet.展开更多
Pressure fluctuation in the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor （SCISR） is studied by measuring the dynamic pressure with micro pressure sensors of high accuracy, with water as the process material. Exper...Pressure fluctuation in the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor （SCISR） is studied by measuring the dynamic pressure with micro pressure sensors of high accuracy, with water as the process material. Experimental results show that the maximum amplitude of fluctuation can be up to about 1.6kPa. On the power spectra the fluctuation is relatively concentrated in the range of 〈1000Hz, with some weak peeks in acoustic wave range. The space profile of intensive fluctuation region in the reactor is determined. The region is found to take the form of a couple truncated cones of empty core, with coincided bottoms, and is symmetrical with respect to the impinging plane and approximately symmetrical about the axis, essentially independent of u0. The integral intensity of fluctuation increases as the impinging velocity, Uo increasing.展开更多
Clustering text data streams is an important issue in data mining community and has a number of applications such as news group filtering, text crawling, document organization and topic detection and tracing etc. Howe...Clustering text data streams is an important issue in data mining community and has a number of applications such as news group filtering, text crawling, document organization and topic detection and tracing etc. However, most methods are similarity-based approaches and only use the TF,IDF scheme to represent the semantics of text data and often lead to poor clustering quality. Recently, researchers argue that semantic smoothing model is more efficient than the existing TF,IDF scheme for improving text clustering quality. However, the existing semantic smoothing model is not suitable for dynamic text data context. In this paper, we extend the semantic smoothing model into text data streams context firstly. Based on the extended model, we then present two online clustering algorithms OCTS and OCTSM for the clustering of massive text data streams. In both algorithms, we also present a new cluster statistics structure named cluster profile which can capture the semantics of text data streams dynamically and at the same time speed up the clustering process. Some efficient implementations for our algorithms are also given. Finally, we present a series of experimental results illustrating the effectiveness of our technique.展开更多
The phytic acid contents of eight fractions of wheat flours from different mill streams and those in wheat brans, which were separated by different sieves into various sizes, were determined and analyzed. A rapid meth...The phytic acid contents of eight fractions of wheat flours from different mill streams and those in wheat brans, which were separated by different sieves into various sizes, were determined and analyzed. A rapid method for phytic acid assay by adding thioglycolic acid （mercapto acetic acid） with 2,2-bipyridine was used, with an acidic iron-Ⅲ-solution of known iron content. The amount ofphytate was indicated by the decrease in iron in the supernatant. Significant differences were observed in phytic acid content among different milling streams and different cultivars （P〈0.05）. On an average, coarse bran had the highest phytic acid content （53.85 mg g^-1）, and the shorts had 28.48 mg g^-1. The B5 break flour had a higher phytic acid content （4.8 mg g^-1） than the B7 （2.75 mg g^-1） and B8 （2.03 mg g^-1） reduction flours. Lower values were found in the B3, B6 and B7 flours （1.07, 0.79, and 0.76 mg g^-1, respectively）. The phytic acid contents of bran decreased with smaller bran sizes, ranging from 54 to 5.09 mg g^-1.展开更多
The aim of this study was to determine the structural, compositional, and mineralogical composition of carbonatitic copper sulfide concentrator plant streams. Three samples, each from a different stream(run of mine(RO...The aim of this study was to determine the structural, compositional, and mineralogical composition of carbonatitic copper sulfide concentrator plant streams. Three samples, each from a different stream(run of mine(ROM), concentrate, and tailings) of a copper concentrator were characterized using various techniques, including stereomicroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and optical microscopy. The results reveal that each stream possesses its own unique compositional features. Carbonate minerals associated with calcite and dolomite, followed by quartz, remain the major minerals in both the ROM and tails streams. In the ROM stream, chalcopyrite appears to occur as veins within the carbonatite-hosting ore body. Mineral phase mutation was discovered in the tails stream because magnetite formerly identified in the ROM as the primary iron oxide had evolved into hematite. This metamorphosis was likely promoted by the concentration process. The concentration process was effective, upgrading the chalcopyrite content from 2 wt% in the ROM stream to 58 wt% in the concentrate stream; it was accompanied by bornite(4 wt%), anilite(3 wt%), and digenite(2.5 wt%). In addition, the concentrate stream exhibited properties distinctive from those of the other streams. The FTIR analysis showed the existence of a sulfide group related to the chalcopyrite mineral. Free chalcopyrite grains were observed in the concentrate by SEM analysis, and their mineral presence was supported by the EDS analysis results. All characterization techniques corresponded well with each other regarding the structure, chemistry, and composition of the samples.展开更多
Mining with streaming data is a hot topic in data mining. When performing classification on data streams, traditional classification algorithms based on decision trees, such as ID3 and C4.5, have a relatively poor eff...Mining with streaming data is a hot topic in data mining. When performing classification on data streams, traditional classification algorithms based on decision trees, such as ID3 and C4.5, have a relatively poor efficiency in both time and space due to the characteristics of streaming data. There are some advantages in time and space when using random decision trees. An incremental algorithm for mining data streams, SRMTDS （Semi-Random Multiple decision Trees for Data Streams）, based on random decision trees is proposed in this paper. SRMTDS uses the inequality of Hoeffding bounds to choose the minimum number of split-examples, a heuristic method to compute the information gain for obtaining the split thresholds of numerical attributes, and a Naive Bayes classifier to estimate the class labels of tree leaves. Our extensive experimental study shows that SRMTDS has an improved performance in time, space, accuracy and the anti-noise capability in comparison with VFDTc, a state-of-the-art decision-tree algorithm for classifying data streams.展开更多
Active anomaly detection queries labels of sampled instances and uses them to incrementally update the detection model,and has been widely adopted in detecting network attacks.However,existing methods cannot achieve d...Active anomaly detection queries labels of sampled instances and uses them to incrementally update the detection model,and has been widely adopted in detecting network attacks.However,existing methods cannot achieve desirable performance on dynamic network traffic streams because(1)their query strategies cannot sample informative instances to make the detection model adapt to the evolving stream and(2)their model updating relies on limited query instances only and fails to leverage the enormous unlabeled instances on streams.To address these issues,we propose an active tree based model,adaptive and augmented active prior-knowledge forest(A3PF),for anomaly detection on network trafic streams.A prior-knowledge forest is constructed using prior knowledge of network attacks to find feature subspaces that better distinguish network anomalies from normal traffic.On one hand,to make the model adapt to the evolving stream,a novel adaptive query strategy is designed to sample informative instances from two aspects:the changes in dynamic data distribution and the uncertainty of anomalies.On the other hand,based on the similarity of instances in the neighborhood,we devise an augmented update method to generate pseudo labels for the unlabeled neighbors of query instances,which enables usage of the enormous unlabeled instances during model updating.Extensive experiments on two benchmarks,CIC-IDS2017 and UNSW-NB15,demonstrate that A3PF achieves significant improvements over previous active methods in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC)(20.9%and 21.5%)and the area under the precision-recall curve(AUC-PR)(44.6%and 64.1%).展开更多
Ground movements due to longwall mining operations have the potential to damage the hydrological balance within as well as outside the mine permit area in the form of increased surface ponding and changes to hydrogeol...Ground movements due to longwall mining operations have the potential to damage the hydrological balance within as well as outside the mine permit area in the form of increased surface ponding and changes to hydrogeological properties. Recently, the Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Enforcement(OSMRE) in the USA, has completed a public comment period on a newly proposed rule for the protection of streams and groundwater from adverse impacts of surface and underground mining operations(80 FR 44435). With increased community and regulatory focus on mining operations and their potential to adversely affect streams and groundwater, now there is a greater need for better prediction of the possible effects mining has on both surface and subsurface bodies of water. With mining induced stress and strain within the overburden correlated to changes in the hydrogeological properties of rock and soil, this paper investigates the evaluation of the hydrogeological system within the vicinity of an underground mining operation based on strain values calculated through a surface deformation prediction model. Through accurate modeling of the pre- and post-mining hydrogeological system, industry personnel can better depict mining induced effects on surface and subsurface bodies of water aiding in the optimization of underground extraction sequences while maintaining the integrity of water resources.展开更多
Mature wheat kernels contain three main parts:endosperm,bran,and germ.Flour milling results in multiple streams that are chemically different;however,the distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds has not bee...Mature wheat kernels contain three main parts:endosperm,bran,and germ.Flour milling results in multiple streams that are chemically different;however,the distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds has not been well documented in terms of conventional milling by-product streams.In this study,multiple analytical methods were used to investigate antioxidant activity and phenolic compound compositions of hard red winter wheat(whole ground wheat),the parts of a wheat kernel(bran,flour,germ),and wheat by-product streams(mill feed,red dog,shorts)for the first time.For each mill stream,phenolic compounds(total,flavonoid,and anthocyanin contents)were determined and antioxidant activities were evaluated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging activity,ferric reducing/antioxidant power(FRAP),and total antioxidant capacity assays.Significant differences(P<0.05)were observed in phenolic concentrations among fractions of bran,flour,and germ milled from the same kernels and noted that germ accounts for the majority of antioxidant properties,whereas bran contains a substantial portion of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins.Mill feed was high in phenolic content(5.29 mg FAE/g),total antioxidant capacity(866 mg/g),and antioxidant activity(up to 75% DPPH inhibition and 20.26μmol FeSO_(4)/g).The comprehensive information on distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds provides insights for future human consumption of commonly produced co-products from flour milling,and for selecting and using different milling fractions to make foods with improved nutritional properties.展开更多
Objective To compare the bacterioplankton communities in streams exposed to pollution of different types. Methods The bacterioplankton communities in three selected heavily polluted streams were investigated by using ...Objective To compare the bacterioplankton communities in streams exposed to pollution of different types. Methods The bacterioplankton communities in three selected heavily polluted streams were investigated by using terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism （T‐RFLP） analysis in combination with 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. Results Both T‐RFLP and 16S rRNA gene clone library revealed a great difference in bacterioplankton community composition in the different streams. Conclusion This work might provide some new insights into bioremediation of heavily polluted streams.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions from inland waters to the atmosphere are a pivotal component of the global carbon budget. Anthropogenic land use can influence riverine CO_(2) emissions, but empirical data exploring c...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions from inland waters to the atmosphere are a pivotal component of the global carbon budget. Anthropogenic land use can influence riverine CO_(2) emissions, but empirical data exploring cause-effect relationships remain limited. Here, we investigated CO_(2) partial pressures(pCO_(2)) and degassing in a monsoonal river(Yue River)within the Han River draining to the Yangtze in China. Almost 90% of river samples were supersaturated in CO_(2) with a mean ± standard deviation of 1474 ± 1614 μatm, leading to emissions of 557-971 mmol/m^(2)/day from river water to the atmosphere. Annual CO_(2) emissions were 1.6-2.8 times greater than the longitudinal exports of riverine dissolved inorganic and organic carbon. pCO_(2) was positively correlated to anthropogenic land use(urban and farmland), and negatively correlated to forest cover. p CO_(2) also had significant and positive relationships with total dissolved nitrogen and total dissolved phosphorus. Stepwise multiple regression models were developed to predict p CO_(2) . Farmland and urban land released nutrients and organic matter to the river system, driving riverine p CO_(2) enrichment due to enhanced respiration in these heterotrophic rivers. Overall, we show the crucial role of land use driving riverine pCO_(2) , which should be considered in future large-scale estimates of CO_(2) emissions from streams. Land use change can thus modify the carbon balance of urban-river systems by enhancing river emissions, and reforestation helps carbon neutral in rivers.展开更多
The concurrent presence of different types of traffic in multimedia applications might aggravate a burden on the underlying data network, which is bound to affect the transmission quality of the specified traffic. Rec...The concurrent presence of different types of traffic in multimedia applications might aggravate a burden on the underlying data network, which is bound to affect the transmission quality of the specified traffic. Recently, several proposals for fulfilling the quality of service(QoS) guarantees have been presented. However, they can only support coarse-grained QoS with no guarantee of throughput, jitter, delay or loss rate for different applications. To address these more challenging problems, an adaptive scheduling algorithm for Parallel data Processing with Multiple Feedback(PPMF) queues based on software defined networks(SDN) is proposed in this paper, which can guarantee the quality of service of high priority traffic in multimedia applications. PPMF combines the queue bandwidth feedback mechanism to realise the automatic adjustment of the queue bandwidth according to the priority of the packet and network conditions, which can effectively solve the problem of network congestion that has been experienced by some queues for a long time. Experimental results show PPMF significantly outperforms other existing scheduling approaches in achieving 35--80% improvement on average time delay by adjusting the bandwidth adaptively, thus ensuring the transmission quality of the specified traffic and avoiding effectively network congestion.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29276260, No. 20176043).
文摘Micromixing in the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor (SCISR) developed by the authors is investigated with the Bourne's reaction scheme. The values measured for the impinging velocity, u0, under the conditions of SCISR normal operation, only is of the order of 0.1m·s^-1, are much slower than that inferred,suggesting low power requirement for operation. The values of the characteristic time constant for micromixing,tM, determined in the impinging velocity range of 0.184m·s^-1 < u0 < 0.326m·s^-1 are ranged from 192ms to 87 ms, showing that impinging streams promotes micromixing very efficiently. The data follow approximately the relationship of tM∝ u0^-1.5. A comparative study shows that the micromixing performance of SCISR is much better than that of the traditional stirred tank reactor. The tM values predicted with the existing theoretical model are systematically longer than those measured by about 2--3 times, implying that the regularity of impinging streams promoting micromixing is unclear yet.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.29276260, No.20176043）.ACKN0WLEDGEMENT The authors would like to thank Dr. Zhang Jian- wei who worked a lot in preparation of the apparatus for pressure fluctuation measurements.
文摘Pressure fluctuation in the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor （SCISR） is studied by measuring the dynamic pressure with micro pressure sensors of high accuracy, with water as the process material. Experimental results show that the maximum amplitude of fluctuation can be up to about 1.6kPa. On the power spectra the fluctuation is relatively concentrated in the range of 〈1000Hz, with some weak peeks in acoustic wave range. The space profile of intensive fluctuation region in the reactor is determined. The region is found to take the form of a couple truncated cones of empty core, with coincided bottoms, and is symmetrical with respect to the impinging plane and approximately symmetrical about the axis, essentially independent of u0. The integral intensity of fluctuation increases as the impinging velocity, Uo increasing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60573097,60703111,60773198the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant No.06104916+1 种基金the Specialized Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No.20050558017the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China under Grant No.NCET-06-0727.
文摘Clustering text data streams is an important issue in data mining community and has a number of applications such as news group filtering, text crawling, document organization and topic detection and tracing etc. However, most methods are similarity-based approaches and only use the TF,IDF scheme to represent the semantics of text data and often lead to poor clustering quality. Recently, researchers argue that semantic smoothing model is more efficient than the existing TF,IDF scheme for improving text clustering quality. However, the existing semantic smoothing model is not suitable for dynamic text data context. In this paper, we extend the semantic smoothing model into text data streams context firstly. Based on the extended model, we then present two online clustering algorithms OCTS and OCTSM for the clustering of massive text data streams. In both algorithms, we also present a new cluster statistics structure named cluster profile which can capture the semantics of text data streams dynamically and at the same time speed up the clustering process. Some efficient implementations for our algorithms are also given. Finally, we present a series of experimental results illustrating the effectiveness of our technique.
基金support was provided bythe National Basic Research Program of China (973Program, 2009CB118301)the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of ChinaNational High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, 2006AA10Z1E9)
文摘The phytic acid contents of eight fractions of wheat flours from different mill streams and those in wheat brans, which were separated by different sieves into various sizes, were determined and analyzed. A rapid method for phytic acid assay by adding thioglycolic acid （mercapto acetic acid） with 2,2-bipyridine was used, with an acidic iron-Ⅲ-solution of known iron content. The amount ofphytate was indicated by the decrease in iron in the supernatant. Significant differences were observed in phytic acid content among different milling streams and different cultivars （P〈0.05）. On an average, coarse bran had the highest phytic acid content （53.85 mg g^-1）, and the shorts had 28.48 mg g^-1. The B5 break flour had a higher phytic acid content （4.8 mg g^-1） than the B7 （2.75 mg g^-1） and B8 （2.03 mg g^-1） reduction flours. Lower values were found in the B3, B6 and B7 flours （1.07, 0.79, and 0.76 mg g^-1, respectively）. The phytic acid contents of bran decreased with smaller bran sizes, ranging from 54 to 5.09 mg g^-1.
基金the chemical engineering department at the North-West University for the support
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the structural, compositional, and mineralogical composition of carbonatitic copper sulfide concentrator plant streams. Three samples, each from a different stream(run of mine(ROM), concentrate, and tailings) of a copper concentrator were characterized using various techniques, including stereomicroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and optical microscopy. The results reveal that each stream possesses its own unique compositional features. Carbonate minerals associated with calcite and dolomite, followed by quartz, remain the major minerals in both the ROM and tails streams. In the ROM stream, chalcopyrite appears to occur as veins within the carbonatite-hosting ore body. Mineral phase mutation was discovered in the tails stream because magnetite formerly identified in the ROM as the primary iron oxide had evolved into hematite. This metamorphosis was likely promoted by the concentration process. The concentration process was effective, upgrading the chalcopyrite content from 2 wt% in the ROM stream to 58 wt% in the concentrate stream; it was accompanied by bornite(4 wt%), anilite(3 wt%), and digenite(2.5 wt%). In addition, the concentrate stream exhibited properties distinctive from those of the other streams. The FTIR analysis showed the existence of a sulfide group related to the chalcopyrite mineral. Free chalcopyrite grains were observed in the concentrate by SEM analysis, and their mineral presence was supported by the EDS analysis results. All characterization techniques corresponded well with each other regarding the structure, chemistry, and composition of the samples.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60573174)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China(Grant No.050420207).
文摘Mining with streaming data is a hot topic in data mining. When performing classification on data streams, traditional classification algorithms based on decision trees, such as ID3 and C4.5, have a relatively poor efficiency in both time and space due to the characteristics of streaming data. There are some advantages in time and space when using random decision trees. An incremental algorithm for mining data streams, SRMTDS （Semi-Random Multiple decision Trees for Data Streams）, based on random decision trees is proposed in this paper. SRMTDS uses the inequality of Hoeffding bounds to choose the minimum number of split-examples, a heuristic method to compute the information gain for obtaining the split thresholds of numerical attributes, and a Naive Bayes classifier to estimate the class labels of tree leaves. Our extensive experimental study shows that SRMTDS has an improved performance in time, space, accuracy and the anti-noise capability in comparison with VFDTc, a state-of-the-art decision-tree algorithm for classifying data streams.
基金Project supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2022ZD0115302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61379052)+1 种基金the Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.2018A02002)the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province,China(No.14JJ1026)。
文摘Active anomaly detection queries labels of sampled instances and uses them to incrementally update the detection model,and has been widely adopted in detecting network attacks.However,existing methods cannot achieve desirable performance on dynamic network traffic streams because(1)their query strategies cannot sample informative instances to make the detection model adapt to the evolving stream and(2)their model updating relies on limited query instances only and fails to leverage the enormous unlabeled instances on streams.To address these issues,we propose an active tree based model,adaptive and augmented active prior-knowledge forest(A3PF),for anomaly detection on network trafic streams.A prior-knowledge forest is constructed using prior knowledge of network attacks to find feature subspaces that better distinguish network anomalies from normal traffic.On one hand,to make the model adapt to the evolving stream,a novel adaptive query strategy is designed to sample informative instances from two aspects:the changes in dynamic data distribution and the uncertainty of anomalies.On the other hand,based on the similarity of instances in the neighborhood,we devise an augmented update method to generate pseudo labels for the unlabeled neighbors of query instances,which enables usage of the enormous unlabeled instances during model updating.Extensive experiments on two benchmarks,CIC-IDS2017 and UNSW-NB15,demonstrate that A3PF achieves significant improvements over previous active methods in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC)(20.9%and 21.5%)and the area under the precision-recall curve(AUC-PR)(44.6%and 64.1%).
基金sponsored by the Appalachian Research Initiative for Environmental Science(ARIES)
文摘Ground movements due to longwall mining operations have the potential to damage the hydrological balance within as well as outside the mine permit area in the form of increased surface ponding and changes to hydrogeological properties. Recently, the Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Enforcement(OSMRE) in the USA, has completed a public comment period on a newly proposed rule for the protection of streams and groundwater from adverse impacts of surface and underground mining operations(80 FR 44435). With increased community and regulatory focus on mining operations and their potential to adversely affect streams and groundwater, now there is a greater need for better prediction of the possible effects mining has on both surface and subsurface bodies of water. With mining induced stress and strain within the overburden correlated to changes in the hydrogeological properties of rock and soil, this paper investigates the evaluation of the hydrogeological system within the vicinity of an underground mining operation based on strain values calculated through a surface deformation prediction model. Through accurate modeling of the pre- and post-mining hydrogeological system, industry personnel can better depict mining induced effects on surface and subsurface bodies of water aiding in the optimization of underground extraction sequences while maintaining the integrity of water resources.
基金Support for this student's (Lauren Brewer) training project is provided by USDA National Needs Graduate Fellowship Competitive Grant No. 2008-38420-04773 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculturenumber 12-473-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Stationfinancially supported by Mahasarakham University.
文摘Mature wheat kernels contain three main parts:endosperm,bran,and germ.Flour milling results in multiple streams that are chemically different;however,the distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds has not been well documented in terms of conventional milling by-product streams.In this study,multiple analytical methods were used to investigate antioxidant activity and phenolic compound compositions of hard red winter wheat(whole ground wheat),the parts of a wheat kernel(bran,flour,germ),and wheat by-product streams(mill feed,red dog,shorts)for the first time.For each mill stream,phenolic compounds(total,flavonoid,and anthocyanin contents)were determined and antioxidant activities were evaluated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging activity,ferric reducing/antioxidant power(FRAP),and total antioxidant capacity assays.Significant differences(P<0.05)were observed in phenolic concentrations among fractions of bran,flour,and germ milled from the same kernels and noted that germ accounts for the majority of antioxidant properties,whereas bran contains a substantial portion of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins.Mill feed was high in phenolic content(5.29 mg FAE/g),total antioxidant capacity(866 mg/g),and antioxidant activity(up to 75% DPPH inhibition and 20.26μmol FeSO_(4)/g).The comprehensive information on distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds provides insights for future human consumption of commonly produced co-products from flour milling,and for selecting and using different milling fractions to make foods with improved nutritional properties.
基金supported by the Research Fund from China Priority Scientific Research Project for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2008ZX07526‐001‐004)
文摘Objective To compare the bacterioplankton communities in streams exposed to pollution of different types. Methods The bacterioplankton communities in three selected heavily polluted streams were investigated by using terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism （T‐RFLP） analysis in combination with 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. Results Both T‐RFLP and 16S rRNA gene clone library revealed a great difference in bacterioplankton community composition in the different streams. Conclusion This work might provide some new insights into bioremediation of heavily polluted streams.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31670473)the Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ZDRW-ZS-2016-7-2)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (No. 2020378)。
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions from inland waters to the atmosphere are a pivotal component of the global carbon budget. Anthropogenic land use can influence riverine CO_(2) emissions, but empirical data exploring cause-effect relationships remain limited. Here, we investigated CO_(2) partial pressures(pCO_(2)) and degassing in a monsoonal river(Yue River)within the Han River draining to the Yangtze in China. Almost 90% of river samples were supersaturated in CO_(2) with a mean ± standard deviation of 1474 ± 1614 μatm, leading to emissions of 557-971 mmol/m^(2)/day from river water to the atmosphere. Annual CO_(2) emissions were 1.6-2.8 times greater than the longitudinal exports of riverine dissolved inorganic and organic carbon. pCO_(2) was positively correlated to anthropogenic land use(urban and farmland), and negatively correlated to forest cover. p CO_(2) also had significant and positive relationships with total dissolved nitrogen and total dissolved phosphorus. Stepwise multiple regression models were developed to predict p CO_(2) . Farmland and urban land released nutrients and organic matter to the river system, driving riverine p CO_(2) enrichment due to enhanced respiration in these heterotrophic rivers. Overall, we show the crucial role of land use driving riverine pCO_(2) , which should be considered in future large-scale estimates of CO_(2) emissions from streams. Land use change can thus modify the carbon balance of urban-river systems by enhancing river emissions, and reforestation helps carbon neutral in rivers.
基金supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under grant no.2012CB315802National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no.61671081 and no.61132001Prospective Research on Future Networks of Jiangsu Future Networks Innovation Institute under grant no.BY2013095-4-01
文摘The concurrent presence of different types of traffic in multimedia applications might aggravate a burden on the underlying data network, which is bound to affect the transmission quality of the specified traffic. Recently, several proposals for fulfilling the quality of service(QoS) guarantees have been presented. However, they can only support coarse-grained QoS with no guarantee of throughput, jitter, delay or loss rate for different applications. To address these more challenging problems, an adaptive scheduling algorithm for Parallel data Processing with Multiple Feedback(PPMF) queues based on software defined networks(SDN) is proposed in this paper, which can guarantee the quality of service of high priority traffic in multimedia applications. PPMF combines the queue bandwidth feedback mechanism to realise the automatic adjustment of the queue bandwidth according to the priority of the packet and network conditions, which can effectively solve the problem of network congestion that has been experienced by some queues for a long time. Experimental results show PPMF significantly outperforms other existing scheduling approaches in achieving 35--80% improvement on average time delay by adjusting the bandwidth adaptively, thus ensuring the transmission quality of the specified traffic and avoiding effectively network congestion.
