Reservoir architecture of meandering river deposition is complex and traditional seismic facies interpretation method cannot characterize it when layer thickness is under seismic vertical reso- lution. In this study, ...Reservoir architecture of meandering river deposition is complex and traditional seismic facies interpretation method cannot characterize it when layer thickness is under seismic vertical reso- lution. In this study, a seismic sedimentology interpretation method and workflow for point bar char- acterization is built. Firstly, the influences of seismic frequency and sandstone thickness on seismic re- flection are analyzed by outcrop detection with ground penetrating radar （GPR） and seismic forward modeling. It is found that （1） sandstone thickness can influence seismic reflection of point bar architecture. With the increasing of sandstone thickness from 1/4 wavelength （λ） to λ/2, seismic reflection geometries various from ambiguous reflection, ＂V＂ type reflection to ＂X＂ type reflection; （2） seismic frequency can influence reservoirs＇ seismic reflection geometry. Seismic events follow inclined lateral aggradation surfaces, which is isochronic depositional boundaries, in high frequency seismic data while the events extend along lithologic surfaces, which are level, in low frequency data. Secondly, strata slice interpretation method for thin layer depositional characterization is discussed with seismic forward modeling. Lastly, a method and workflow based on the above study is built which includes seismic frequency analysis, 90° phasing, stratal slicing and integrated interpretation of slice and seismic profile. This method is used in real data study in Tiger shoal, the Gulf of Mexico. Two episodes of meandering fluvial deposition is recognized in the study layer. Sandstone of the lower unit, which is formed in low base level stage, distributes limited. Sandstone distribution dimension and channel sinuosity become larger in the upper layer, which is high base level deposition.展开更多
The northern part of the eastern margin of the extensional Neogene Teruel Basin(central-eastern Spain)consists of a non-linear,zigzag fault zone made of alternating ca.2 km long,NNW-SSE trending segments and shorter N...The northern part of the eastern margin of the extensional Neogene Teruel Basin(central-eastern Spain)consists of a non-linear,zigzag fault zone made of alternating ca.2 km long,NNW-SSE trending segments and shorter NNESSW ones.Good outcrop conditions made possible a comprehensive integrated stratigraphic and structural study,especially focused on coarse clastic sediments deposited along the basin margin.Well-exposed stratal relationships with boundary faults,allowed the analysis of tectonic influence on sedimentation.Synsedimentary deformation includes growth faulting,rollover anticlines,and monoclines and associated onlap stratal terminations,angular unconformities,and other complex growth strata geometries.One of them is the onlap-over-rollover bed arrangement described here for the first time,which reveals the competition between tectonic subsidence and sedimentary supply.Both,the structural inheritance(dense Mesozoic fracture grid)and the dominant,nearly‘multidirectional’(σ1 vertical,σ2≈σ3),Pliocene extensional regime withσ3 close to E-W,are considered to have controlled the margin structure and evolution.Tectono-stratigraphic evolution includes:(i)reactivation of inherited NNW-SSE faults and development of W-SW-directed small alluvial fans(SAF)while NNE-SSW segments acted as gentle relay ramp zones;(ii)progressive activation of NNE-SSW faults and development of NW-directed very small alluvial fans(VSAF);during stages i and ii sediments were trapped close to the margin,avoiding widespread progradation;(iii)linking of NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW structural segments,overall basin sinking and widespread alluvial progradation;(iv)fault activity attenuation and alluvial retrogradation.The particular structure and kinematic evolution of this margin controlled alluvial system patterns.Size of alluvial fans,directly set up at the border faults,was conditioned by the narrowness of the margin,small catchment areas,and proximity between faults,which prevented the development of large alluvial fans.The size of the rel展开更多
With an area of 56×104km2, the Tarim Basin is the largest inland basin in China and is also generally acknowledged as one of the most important areas for potential oil and gas exploration. On the basis of data fr...With an area of 56×104km2, the Tarim Basin is the largest inland basin in China and is also generally acknowledged as one of the most important areas for potential oil and gas exploration. On the basis of data from 22 regional seismic profiles and 40 drilling wells, 15 important first-order and second-order regional unconformities were defined.Almost all the main unconformities are superimposed unconfomities. Since the Cambrian, 5 key periods of tectonic change have occurred during the evolution of the Tarim Basin. The total eroded stratal thickness of the above-mentioned unconformities was calculated by using the method of virtual extrapolation of seismic reflection. The results indicate that the total eroded stratal thickness of different periods is quite different in different locations of the basin. Taking the Upper-Middle Ordovician as an example, its thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated into individual stages i.e. its thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated to different tectonic periods. Otherwise, as for the specific period of tectonic change, the underlying strata were, respectively eroded and thus the thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated into individual intervals. Taking the Early Hercynian period as an example, the eroded stratal thickness was calculated into individual intervals to calculate the ratio of intervals of various ages occupying the total eroded thickness. The results show that for the same stratum, its degree of erosion is quite different in different periods and at different locations, due to the varying influence of tectonic movement. The unconformities of some key periods of tectonic change have different controls on the degree of erosion and the eroded range of the individual period of the underlying strata which are the typical characteristics of multi-stage superimposition of unconformities in the Tarim Basin.展开更多
This paper studied seismic imaging of the sedimentary system of the Nenjiang Formation in the Northern Songliao Basin based on seismic sedimentology. An accurate and detailed depiction and explanation is provided for ...This paper studied seismic imaging of the sedimentary system of the Nenjiang Formation in the Northern Songliao Basin based on seismic sedimentology. An accurate and detailed depiction and explanation is provided for underground geological bodies within a relative geological period using the stratal slice technology,based on three-order sequence correlations of well logging and seismic data for the purpose of obtaining high-resolution pictures of the sedimentary system. Research results have revealed that the sedimentary system of the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Northern Songliao Basin includes meandering streams,anastomosing streams,lake deltas,and sediment gravity flow channels. Based on seismic imaging analysis,the genesis and seismic geomorphology of the sedimentary system of the Nenjiang Formation are explored in order to understand the spatial distribution of typical sedimentary bodies and the evolution of streams in the Nenjiang Formation. According to the research results,the sedimentation of the Nenjiang Formation was subject to the delta system in the east and northeast of the formation. The provenance in the northeastern part played a dominant role during the deposition of the Nenjiang Formation for some time;after the earlier maximum flooding in the second and third members of the Nenjiang Formation,the northeastern system began to decline and was gradually replaced by the eastern system. Stratal slices have revealed that a well-developed gravity flow channel system was developed in the first member of the Nenjiang Formation,and massive slip blocks occurred in the second and third members of the formation. The research results indicated that the large gravity flow channel system in the first member of the Nenjiang Formation was formed by streams that emptied directly into the lake;and the slip blocks in the second and third members were the results of gravity sliding of sediments along steep slopes at the delta front.展开更多
Objective China＇s petroleum exploration has entered a new stage of finding deeply buried thin sandbodies lbr the abundant oil resources they contain. Here thin sandbodies refer to those less than 10 m in thickness, ...Objective China＇s petroleum exploration has entered a new stage of finding deeply buried thin sandbodies lbr the abundant oil resources they contain. Here thin sandbodies refer to those less than 10 m in thickness, or even less than 1-2 m. It is difficult to depict thin-layer sandbodies of different genetic types using conventional core, well logging and seismic data due to their limited vertical resolution in petroliferous basins. However, seismic sedimentology provides a new research method especially tbr thin sandbody interpretation, i.e., validating interpreted sedimentary sandbodies from 3D seismic data based on horizontal resolution, stratal slice and seismic geomorphology interpretation. At present, a series of studies on seismic sedimentology in North America marine basins and elsewhere have been completed successfully and are relevant to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields.展开更多
Hiatuses are ubiquitous in stratigraphic records at various temporal scales,but they cannot be easily identified and quantified owing to the lack of adequate methods in determining the duration of hiatuses or stratal ...Hiatuses are ubiquitous in stratigraphic records at various temporal scales,but they cannot be easily identified and quantified owing to the lack of adequate methods in determining the duration of hiatuses or stratal completeness.Here a processbased stratigraphic forward modeling(SFM)approach was used to effectively estimate the completeness of carbonate strata in three dimensions and at basin-scale.By using information derived from both spatial and temporal domains in the SFM outputs for five grid locations(pseudo wells)under different depositional settings,we were able to delineate basin-wide hiatuses of various temporal scales and determine their durations and stratal completeness quantitatively.The stratal completeness appears to be controlled by sea level changes,depositional environments,carbonate growth rates and tectonic subsidence patterns in various ways.展开更多
Interference of thin-interbedded layers in seismic reflections has great negative impact on thin-interbedded reservoirs prediction.To deal with this,two novel methods are proposed that can predict the thin-interbedded...Interference of thin-interbedded layers in seismic reflections has great negative impact on thin-interbedded reservoirs prediction.To deal with this,two novel methods are proposed that can predict the thin-interbedded reservoirs distribution through strata slices by suppressing the interference of adjacent layer with the help of seismic sedimentology.The plane distribution of single sand bodies in thin-interbedded reservoirs can be clarified.(1)The minimum interference frequency slicing method,uses the amplitude-frequency attribute estimated by wavelet transform to find a constant seismic frequency with the minimum influence on the stratal slice of target layer,and then an optimal slice corresponding the constant frequency mentioned above can be obtained.(2)The superimposed slicing method can calculate multiple interference coefficients of reservoir and adjacent layers of target geological body,and obtain superimposed slice by weighted stacking the multiple stratal slices of neighboring layers and target layer.The two proposed methods were used to predict the distribution of the target oil layers of 6 m thick in three sets of thin-interbedded reservoirs of Triassic Kelamayi Formation in the Fengnan area of Junggar Basin,Northwestern China.A comparison with drilling data and conventional stratal slices shows that the two methods can predict the distribution of single sand bodies in thin-interbedded reservoirs more accurately.展开更多
地震沉积学在高频率层序和沉积体系研究中有着特殊的优势。90°相位地震资料的振幅可以和岩性测井曲线对应,对地震资料进行90°相位转换后可以通过地震振幅分析岩相。地层切片技术可以在平面上显示相对同一地质沉积时间的沉积...地震沉积学在高频率层序和沉积体系研究中有着特殊的优势。90°相位地震资料的振幅可以和岩性测井曲线对应,对地震资料进行90°相位转换后可以通过地震振幅分析岩相。地层切片技术可以在平面上显示相对同一地质沉积时间的沉积分布特征,再结合岩性测井资料可以较准确分析沉积体系。美国南得克萨斯地区Webb县Gold River North油田上白垩统Olmos组钻井资料较少,采用地震沉积学方法对其分析,可以识别出一套完整的三角洲体系,其中包括前三角洲亚相、三角洲前缘亚相、三角洲平原亚相、曲流河相和下切谷沉积等,其中河道砂、河口砂坝和下切谷沉积物是有利的储层。展开更多
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2012M521366)the Shandong University of Science and Technology Scientific Research Startup Fund for Introduction of Talent (No.2013RCJJ009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41202092)
文摘Reservoir architecture of meandering river deposition is complex and traditional seismic facies interpretation method cannot characterize it when layer thickness is under seismic vertical reso- lution. In this study, a seismic sedimentology interpretation method and workflow for point bar char- acterization is built. Firstly, the influences of seismic frequency and sandstone thickness on seismic re- flection are analyzed by outcrop detection with ground penetrating radar （GPR） and seismic forward modeling. It is found that （1） sandstone thickness can influence seismic reflection of point bar architecture. With the increasing of sandstone thickness from 1/4 wavelength （λ） to λ/2, seismic reflection geometries various from ambiguous reflection, ＂V＂ type reflection to ＂X＂ type reflection; （2） seismic frequency can influence reservoirs＇ seismic reflection geometry. Seismic events follow inclined lateral aggradation surfaces, which is isochronic depositional boundaries, in high frequency seismic data while the events extend along lithologic surfaces, which are level, in low frequency data. Secondly, strata slice interpretation method for thin layer depositional characterization is discussed with seismic forward modeling. Lastly, a method and workflow based on the above study is built which includes seismic frequency analysis, 90° phasing, stratal slicing and integrated interpretation of slice and seismic profile. This method is used in real data study in Tiger shoal, the Gulf of Mexico. Two episodes of meandering fluvial deposition is recognized in the study layer. Sandstone of the lower unit, which is formed in low base level stage, distributes limited. Sandstone distribution dimension and channel sinuosity become larger in the upper layer, which is high base level deposition.
基金supported by project number CGL2012–35662 of Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-FEDER.co-financed by the Aragón Government and the PO FEDER-Aragón 2014–2020
文摘The northern part of the eastern margin of the extensional Neogene Teruel Basin(central-eastern Spain)consists of a non-linear,zigzag fault zone made of alternating ca.2 km long,NNW-SSE trending segments and shorter NNESSW ones.Good outcrop conditions made possible a comprehensive integrated stratigraphic and structural study,especially focused on coarse clastic sediments deposited along the basin margin.Well-exposed stratal relationships with boundary faults,allowed the analysis of tectonic influence on sedimentation.Synsedimentary deformation includes growth faulting,rollover anticlines,and monoclines and associated onlap stratal terminations,angular unconformities,and other complex growth strata geometries.One of them is the onlap-over-rollover bed arrangement described here for the first time,which reveals the competition between tectonic subsidence and sedimentary supply.Both,the structural inheritance(dense Mesozoic fracture grid)and the dominant,nearly‘multidirectional’(σ1 vertical,σ2≈σ3),Pliocene extensional regime withσ3 close to E-W,are considered to have controlled the margin structure and evolution.Tectono-stratigraphic evolution includes:(i)reactivation of inherited NNW-SSE faults and development of W-SW-directed small alluvial fans(SAF)while NNE-SSW segments acted as gentle relay ramp zones;(ii)progressive activation of NNE-SSW faults and development of NW-directed very small alluvial fans(VSAF);during stages i and ii sediments were trapped close to the margin,avoiding widespread progradation;(iii)linking of NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW structural segments,overall basin sinking and widespread alluvial progradation;(iv)fault activity attenuation and alluvial retrogradation.The particular structure and kinematic evolution of this margin controlled alluvial system patterns.Size of alluvial fans,directly set up at the border faults,was conditioned by the narrowness of the margin,small catchment areas,and proximity between faults,which prevented the development of large alluvial fans.The size of the rel
基金funded by the Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (973 Program)"Hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution prediction of typical superimposed basin in China" (grant No. G1999043305)+1 种基金the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China "Studies of continental margin dynamics and hydrocarbon resource potential of the South China Sea" (grant No. 40572067)"Palaeotectonic and palaeogeographic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in key changing period of the Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin" (grant No. 41130422)
文摘With an area of 56×104km2, the Tarim Basin is the largest inland basin in China and is also generally acknowledged as one of the most important areas for potential oil and gas exploration. On the basis of data from 22 regional seismic profiles and 40 drilling wells, 15 important first-order and second-order regional unconformities were defined.Almost all the main unconformities are superimposed unconfomities. Since the Cambrian, 5 key periods of tectonic change have occurred during the evolution of the Tarim Basin. The total eroded stratal thickness of the above-mentioned unconformities was calculated by using the method of virtual extrapolation of seismic reflection. The results indicate that the total eroded stratal thickness of different periods is quite different in different locations of the basin. Taking the Upper-Middle Ordovician as an example, its thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated into individual stages i.e. its thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated to different tectonic periods. Otherwise, as for the specific period of tectonic change, the underlying strata were, respectively eroded and thus the thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated into individual intervals. Taking the Early Hercynian period as an example, the eroded stratal thickness was calculated into individual intervals to calculate the ratio of intervals of various ages occupying the total eroded thickness. The results show that for the same stratum, its degree of erosion is quite different in different periods and at different locations, due to the varying influence of tectonic movement. The unconformities of some key periods of tectonic change have different controls on the degree of erosion and the eroded range of the individual period of the underlying strata which are the typical characteristics of multi-stage superimposition of unconformities in the Tarim Basin.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No. 2006CB202302)the China National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2016ZX05007-002)
文摘This paper studied seismic imaging of the sedimentary system of the Nenjiang Formation in the Northern Songliao Basin based on seismic sedimentology. An accurate and detailed depiction and explanation is provided for underground geological bodies within a relative geological period using the stratal slice technology,based on three-order sequence correlations of well logging and seismic data for the purpose of obtaining high-resolution pictures of the sedimentary system. Research results have revealed that the sedimentary system of the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Northern Songliao Basin includes meandering streams,anastomosing streams,lake deltas,and sediment gravity flow channels. Based on seismic imaging analysis,the genesis and seismic geomorphology of the sedimentary system of the Nenjiang Formation are explored in order to understand the spatial distribution of typical sedimentary bodies and the evolution of streams in the Nenjiang Formation. According to the research results,the sedimentation of the Nenjiang Formation was subject to the delta system in the east and northeast of the formation. The provenance in the northeastern part played a dominant role during the deposition of the Nenjiang Formation for some time;after the earlier maximum flooding in the second and third members of the Nenjiang Formation,the northeastern system began to decline and was gradually replaced by the eastern system. Stratal slices have revealed that a well-developed gravity flow channel system was developed in the first member of the Nenjiang Formation,and massive slip blocks occurred in the second and third members of the formation. The research results indicated that the large gravity flow channel system in the first member of the Nenjiang Formation was formed by streams that emptied directly into the lake;and the slip blocks in the second and third members were the results of gravity sliding of sediments along steep slopes at the delta front.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41272133)
文摘Objective China＇s petroleum exploration has entered a new stage of finding deeply buried thin sandbodies lbr the abundant oil resources they contain. Here thin sandbodies refer to those less than 10 m in thickness, or even less than 1-2 m. It is difficult to depict thin-layer sandbodies of different genetic types using conventional core, well logging and seismic data due to their limited vertical resolution in petroliferous basins. However, seismic sedimentology provides a new research method especially tbr thin sandbody interpretation, i.e., validating interpreted sedimentary sandbodies from 3D seismic data based on horizontal resolution, stratal slice and seismic geomorphology interpretation. At present, a series of studies on seismic sedimentology in North America marine basins and elsewhere have been completed successfully and are relevant to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields.
基金supported by Chinese National Key R&D Project(Grant No.2019YFC0605501)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA14010401)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41821002)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.ZR2018BD018)。
文摘Hiatuses are ubiquitous in stratigraphic records at various temporal scales,but they cannot be easily identified and quantified owing to the lack of adequate methods in determining the duration of hiatuses or stratal completeness.Here a processbased stratigraphic forward modeling(SFM)approach was used to effectively estimate the completeness of carbonate strata in three dimensions and at basin-scale.By using information derived from both spatial and temporal domains in the SFM outputs for five grid locations(pseudo wells)under different depositional settings,we were able to delineate basin-wide hiatuses of various temporal scales and determine their durations and stratal completeness quantitatively.The stratal completeness appears to be controlled by sea level changes,depositional environments,carbonate growth rates and tectonic subsidence patterns in various ways.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05001-003)PetroChina Science and Technology Major Project(2021DJ0403).
文摘Interference of thin-interbedded layers in seismic reflections has great negative impact on thin-interbedded reservoirs prediction.To deal with this,two novel methods are proposed that can predict the thin-interbedded reservoirs distribution through strata slices by suppressing the interference of adjacent layer with the help of seismic sedimentology.The plane distribution of single sand bodies in thin-interbedded reservoirs can be clarified.(1)The minimum interference frequency slicing method,uses the amplitude-frequency attribute estimated by wavelet transform to find a constant seismic frequency with the minimum influence on the stratal slice of target layer,and then an optimal slice corresponding the constant frequency mentioned above can be obtained.(2)The superimposed slicing method can calculate multiple interference coefficients of reservoir and adjacent layers of target geological body,and obtain superimposed slice by weighted stacking the multiple stratal slices of neighboring layers and target layer.The two proposed methods were used to predict the distribution of the target oil layers of 6 m thick in three sets of thin-interbedded reservoirs of Triassic Kelamayi Formation in the Fengnan area of Junggar Basin,Northwestern China.A comparison with drilling data and conventional stratal slices shows that the two methods can predict the distribution of single sand bodies in thin-interbedded reservoirs more accurately.
文摘地震沉积学在高频率层序和沉积体系研究中有着特殊的优势。90°相位地震资料的振幅可以和岩性测井曲线对应,对地震资料进行90°相位转换后可以通过地震振幅分析岩相。地层切片技术可以在平面上显示相对同一地质沉积时间的沉积分布特征,再结合岩性测井资料可以较准确分析沉积体系。美国南得克萨斯地区Webb县Gold River North油田上白垩统Olmos组钻井资料较少,采用地震沉积学方法对其分析,可以识别出一套完整的三角洲体系,其中包括前三角洲亚相、三角洲前缘亚相、三角洲平原亚相、曲流河相和下切谷沉积等,其中河道砂、河口砂坝和下切谷沉积物是有利的储层。
