以3种不同储存方式(陶坛、不锈钢罐、橡木桶)处理的白兰地原酒为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph...以3种不同储存方式(陶坛、不锈钢罐、橡木桶)处理的白兰地原酒为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS)及感官定量描述分析(quantitative descriptive analysis,QDA)探究不同容器储存对白兰地原酒香气的影响。采用HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF-MS共鉴定出314种挥发性化合物,通过香气数据库筛选出181种具有香气贡献的化合物进行偏最小二乘法判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA),发现3个处理组及对照组差别明显,顺式橡木内酯、反式橡木内酯等物质与陶坛组呈正相关,2-乙基己醇、2-甲基-2-丁烯醛等物质与不锈钢罐组呈正相关,芳樟醇、异戊醛等物质与橡木桶组相关性较强。QDA结果表明,陶罐组的焦糖、果脯香气,不锈钢罐组的烟熏、乙醇香气,橡木桶组的花香、果香是区别于其他组的主要香气特征。该研究不仅丰富了我国白兰地的风味化学理论体系,也为生产上寻找陈酿白兰地的替代容器提供重要的基础数据和理论依据。展开更多
In Ghana, most farmers are peasants and at times foodstuffs produced get rotten either through transportation or market places. This normally affects the meager income that farmers earn through hard work. Available st...In Ghana, most farmers are peasants and at times foodstuffs produced get rotten either through transportation or market places. This normally affects the meager income that farmers earn through hard work. Available statistics indicate that each year, food crops worth several hundreds of dollars go waste in the country due to poor harvest losses and it represents 70% of total food production in Ghana. Again, in the country, there is abundant of clay as a natural resource. Geological study has revealed that it is found in almost every part of the country. As a means of finding solution to the rate at which local foodstuffs especially plantain rot, the study sought to design and compose clay container purposefully for storing plantain to prolong its lifespan. The study focused on 5 clay body compositions (C1 to C5) and fired at 950°C. Composition C1?consisted of 50% of Abonko clay and 50% of Daboase clay. Composition C2 was made up of 40% Abonko clay, 50% Daboase clay and 10% of smooth sawdust. Composition C3 composed of 45% of Abonko clay, 45% of Daboase clay and 10% of smooth sawdust. Composition C4 was made up of 90% Daboase clay and 10% rough sawdust. The last composition C5 comprised mainly 100% Abonko clay. Fresh plantains obtained from Takoradi market circle were stored in the containers and weekly recordings of states of plantain for five consecutive weeks were carried out. It was revealed that C4 was successful in storing fresh plantains to ripe stage after the five weeks. It is recommended among others that, the technique should be made available to stakeholders such as Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), plantain farmers and market plantain sellers through seminars, public education and symposia in order to minimize post-harvest losses.展开更多
Sequential incubation of seed samples yielded 20 fungal species belonging to 13 genera. The prevalent genera were Aspergillus (A. flavus and A. parasiticus), Fusarium (F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum) and Penicillium ...Sequential incubation of seed samples yielded 20 fungal species belonging to 13 genera. The prevalent genera were Aspergillus (A. flavus and A. parasiticus), Fusarium (F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum) and Penicillium (Penicillium sp.). Such seedborne fungi differ in their colonization in different parts of seeds with most of them are colonized in seed coat, endosperm, and embryo of the seed. The usage of different storage containers for storing seeds indicated that the cotton cloth bags were the most favorable ones as they maintain seed moisture content (SMC) below the critical level resulting in minimum seed deterioration compared with other seed storage containers.展开更多
At the molecular mechanic level, the capability of a set of 24 molecular cage-like structures, the spherophanes, to store hydrogen molecules has been studied. Two main factors have been found to govern their storage c...At the molecular mechanic level, the capability of a set of 24 molecular cage-like structures, the spherophanes, to store hydrogen molecules has been studied. Two main factors have been found to govern their storage capacity： the volume of their cavity and the potential energy barriers at the different openings at the surface of the cage. Calculations have shown that 13H2 molecules could be stored inside the thiaspherophane, Th4S, whose mean radius is 10A and the resulting complex （H2）I3@Th4S is found to be stable. The results show that it would be very difficult to store more than 2H2 inside the smallest spherophane, Sp4, whose mean radius is 7.7A. The mean intermolecular distance Hz-Hz and the mean bond length H-H have been found to decrease when the number of imprisoned hydrogen molecules increases. It has also been found that the encapsulated H2 molecules form clusters of different symmetries on which the formation energy depends strongly. Even with 13H2 molecules inside Th4S, the weight percentage is still small, 2.57%. The largest obtained wt% is 3.22% in the case of Th5S（CH3）10.展开更多
储能集装箱是锂电池储能电站的核心设备,每个集装箱由数千只电芯串并联构成。因此,对集装箱电芯锂电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的准确估计成为表征储能电站运行最核心最基础的参数,并且为辅助新能源高效并网,储能系统的工作状态...储能集装箱是锂电池储能电站的核心设备,每个集装箱由数千只电芯串并联构成。因此,对集装箱电芯锂电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的准确估计成为表征储能电站运行最核心最基础的参数,并且为辅助新能源高效并网,储能系统的工作状态也会相应地呈现随机性、波动性和不确定性,这对电芯状态估计的准确度提出了更高的要求。为此,首先基于基尔霍夫定律建立Thevenin电池模型,根据安时积分法列出系统的状态和观测方程,并且将其状态和观测方程作为扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filtering,EKF)算法的研究对象。然后利用EKF算法对估计值电池SOC更新迭代,再将EKF算法中得到的卡尔曼矩阵和状态变量更新误差值以及UDDS工况下的电池数据,作为长短期记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)神经网络算法的训练数据集,由此完成LSTM-EKF联合算法,实现对储能集装箱电芯SOC的优化估计。该文所提LSTM-EKF算法可将电芯SOC的误差值降低到1%以下。最后对优化算法在储能电站安全运行与监控平台中的应用情况进行介绍。展开更多
文摘以3种不同储存方式(陶坛、不锈钢罐、橡木桶)处理的白兰地原酒为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS)及感官定量描述分析(quantitative descriptive analysis,QDA)探究不同容器储存对白兰地原酒香气的影响。采用HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF-MS共鉴定出314种挥发性化合物,通过香气数据库筛选出181种具有香气贡献的化合物进行偏最小二乘法判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA),发现3个处理组及对照组差别明显,顺式橡木内酯、反式橡木内酯等物质与陶坛组呈正相关,2-乙基己醇、2-甲基-2-丁烯醛等物质与不锈钢罐组呈正相关,芳樟醇、异戊醛等物质与橡木桶组相关性较强。QDA结果表明,陶罐组的焦糖、果脯香气,不锈钢罐组的烟熏、乙醇香气,橡木桶组的花香、果香是区别于其他组的主要香气特征。该研究不仅丰富了我国白兰地的风味化学理论体系,也为生产上寻找陈酿白兰地的替代容器提供重要的基础数据和理论依据。
文摘In Ghana, most farmers are peasants and at times foodstuffs produced get rotten either through transportation or market places. This normally affects the meager income that farmers earn through hard work. Available statistics indicate that each year, food crops worth several hundreds of dollars go waste in the country due to poor harvest losses and it represents 70% of total food production in Ghana. Again, in the country, there is abundant of clay as a natural resource. Geological study has revealed that it is found in almost every part of the country. As a means of finding solution to the rate at which local foodstuffs especially plantain rot, the study sought to design and compose clay container purposefully for storing plantain to prolong its lifespan. The study focused on 5 clay body compositions (C1 to C5) and fired at 950°C. Composition C1?consisted of 50% of Abonko clay and 50% of Daboase clay. Composition C2 was made up of 40% Abonko clay, 50% Daboase clay and 10% of smooth sawdust. Composition C3 composed of 45% of Abonko clay, 45% of Daboase clay and 10% of smooth sawdust. Composition C4 was made up of 90% Daboase clay and 10% rough sawdust. The last composition C5 comprised mainly 100% Abonko clay. Fresh plantains obtained from Takoradi market circle were stored in the containers and weekly recordings of states of plantain for five consecutive weeks were carried out. It was revealed that C4 was successful in storing fresh plantains to ripe stage after the five weeks. It is recommended among others that, the technique should be made available to stakeholders such as Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), plantain farmers and market plantain sellers through seminars, public education and symposia in order to minimize post-harvest losses.
文摘Sequential incubation of seed samples yielded 20 fungal species belonging to 13 genera. The prevalent genera were Aspergillus (A. flavus and A. parasiticus), Fusarium (F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum) and Penicillium (Penicillium sp.). Such seedborne fungi differ in their colonization in different parts of seeds with most of them are colonized in seed coat, endosperm, and embryo of the seed. The usage of different storage containers for storing seeds indicated that the cotton cloth bags were the most favorable ones as they maintain seed moisture content (SMC) below the critical level resulting in minimum seed deterioration compared with other seed storage containers.
文摘At the molecular mechanic level, the capability of a set of 24 molecular cage-like structures, the spherophanes, to store hydrogen molecules has been studied. Two main factors have been found to govern their storage capacity： the volume of their cavity and the potential energy barriers at the different openings at the surface of the cage. Calculations have shown that 13H2 molecules could be stored inside the thiaspherophane, Th4S, whose mean radius is 10A and the resulting complex （H2）I3@Th4S is found to be stable. The results show that it would be very difficult to store more than 2H2 inside the smallest spherophane, Sp4, whose mean radius is 7.7A. The mean intermolecular distance Hz-Hz and the mean bond length H-H have been found to decrease when the number of imprisoned hydrogen molecules increases. It has also been found that the encapsulated H2 molecules form clusters of different symmetries on which the formation energy depends strongly. Even with 13H2 molecules inside Th4S, the weight percentage is still small, 2.57%. The largest obtained wt% is 3.22% in the case of Th5S（CH3）10.
