In the mid-19th century, out of their dissatisfaction with the neglect of the economic theories about other countries’ experiences in the British classic economics, the economists in the German Historical School wo...In the mid-19th century, out of their dissatisfaction with the neglect of the economic theories about other countries’ experiences in the British classic economics, the economists in the German Historical School worked hard to construct an economic theory that was congruent to the developmental stage in their own country’s culture and history. Their deeply-cherished concern about the reality in a transitional era when Germany was approaching modernization drove them to propose that the living condition of the working class be improved by the power of the state. In the late 80’s of the same century, the Methodenstreit of German Historical School versus the Austrian School broke out, after which the mainstream economics was well on its way in terms of theoretical refinement and scrutiny, whereas the influence from the Historical School gradually subsided. Even so, the lessons from the Historical School are still enlightening to research in contemporary social sciences. This paper describes the unique basics in the theory building of the Historical School; explains the background and meaning of its academic origin, research methodology, and the Methodenstreit; and from there, discusses implications for contemporary social sciences.展开更多
The world economy is experiencing what the World Bank calls"the slowest halfdecade of GDP growth in 30 years."As some of China's key growth catalysts weaken against this backdrop,a few stakeholders in th...The world economy is experiencing what the World Bank calls"the slowest halfdecade of GDP growth in 30 years."As some of China's key growth catalysts weaken against this backdrop,a few stakeholders in the Western economy have become defeatist and pessimistic.展开更多
《静止点的运动:舞蹈颂歌》(Movement at the Still Point:An Ode to Dance,Mark Mann)2023年,240页“肖像摄影师必须在张面部照片中捕捉一个人的本质。但舞者的特点是,他们用整个身体来交流。在你想要捕捉的瞬间,之前,一定有个熟悉瞬...《静止点的运动:舞蹈颂歌》(Movement at the Still Point:An Ode to Dance,Mark Mann)2023年,240页“肖像摄影师必须在张面部照片中捕捉一个人的本质。但舞者的特点是,他们用整个身体来交流。在你想要捕捉的瞬间,之前,一定有个熟悉瞬间的过程,就像当一个人弯曲膝盖并沉向地面时,你就知道他要跳了。你总是能看到舞者在这种完美的、顶点的时刻,但之前的准备,或之后的释放时刻,都有很多美妙之处。”展开更多
BACKGROUND Adult-onset Still’s disease(AOSD)is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by fever,arthritis,skin rash,and systemic symptoms.The etiology of AOSD is unknown;however,it is thought to be relate...BACKGROUND Adult-onset Still’s disease(AOSD)is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by fever,arthritis,skin rash,and systemic symptoms.The etiology of AOSD is unknown;however,it is thought to be related to immune dysregulation.Although a rare disease,AOSD can significantly impact reproductive health,particularly during pregnancy.This case study assesses the implications of pregnancy in a patient with AOSD,as well as the potential for heredity of the disease.Neonatal hemophagocytic lympho-histiocytosis(HLH)is a rare and lifethreatening disorder characterized by hyperinflammation and uncontrolled activation of immune cells,leading to multiple organ dysfunction.This case report aimed to introduce neonatal HLH from a mother with AOSD.CASE SUMMARY This case study presents a 29-year-old female with AOSD who became pregnant and gave birth to a premature infant who was diagnosed with neonatal HLH.AOSD can significantly impact pregnancy and childbirth,as it may become more severe during pregnancy,with an increased risk of fetal loss and preterm birth.The management of AOSD during pregnancy involves the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids,as well as immunosuppressive agents in severe cases.However,the use of immunosuppressive agents during pregnancy may be associated with potential risks to the fetus.The hereditary implications of AOSD are unclear;however,available evidence suggests that genetic factors may play a role in the disease development.CONCLUSION AOSD can have significant implications for pregnancy and childbirth,including an increased risk of fetal loss and preterm birth.Neonatal HLH,a complication of AOSD in pregnancy,requires prompt diagnosis and management.Women with AOSD who are considering pregnancy should discuss their options with their healthcare provider and develop a management plan that addresses the potential risks to both mother and fetus.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute acalculous cholecystitis(AAC)is inflammation of the gallbladder without evidence of calculi.Although rarely reported,its etiologies include hepatitis virus infection(e.g.,hepatitis A virus,HAV)and adu...BACKGROUND Acute acalculous cholecystitis(AAC)is inflammation of the gallbladder without evidence of calculi.Although rarely reported,its etiologies include hepatitis virus infection(e.g.,hepatitis A virus,HAV)and adult-onset Still’s disease(AOSD).There are no reports of HAV-associated AAC in an AOSD patient.CASE SUMMARY Here we report a rare case of HAV infection-associated AAC in a 39-year-old woman who had a history of AOSD.The patient presented with an acute abdomen and hypotension.Elevated hepatobiliary enzymes and a thickened and distended gallbladder without gallstones on ultrasonography suggested AAC,but there were no signs of anemia nor thrombocytopenia.Serological screening revealed anti-HAV IgM antibodies.Steroid treatment did not alleviate her symptoms,and she was referred for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The resected gallbladder was hydropic without perforation,and her clinical signs gradually improved after surgery.CONCLUSION AAC can be caused by HAV in AOSD patients.It is crucial to search for the underlying etiology for AAC,especially uncommon viral causes.展开更多
This book narrates fragmentary stories from the author's youthful memories,youthful impressions,and current reflections,showcasing the changes in the clothing,food,shelter,and transportation of the villagers of Sh...This book narrates fragmentary stories from the author's youthful memories,youthful impressions,and current reflections,showcasing the changes in the clothing,food,shelter,and transportation of the villagers of Shanggou Village in Chengde City,Hebei Province,as well as their life transformations.The author compares the people and events of the small mountain village 30 years ago to the present day,intricately presenting the immense changes in Chinese rural areas over three decades,authentically reflecting the life state of a community,and subtly revealing the heartening scenery brought about by the new period's poverty alleviation and wealth generation policies in the new socialist countryside.展开更多
In this paper,the experimental investigation on the performance improvement of conventional stepped solar still is conducted.The steps are covered by the porous material to improve the performance of the conventional ...In this paper,the experimental investigation on the performance improvement of conventional stepped solar still is conducted.The steps are covered by the porous material to improve the performance of the conventional device and increase the evaporation rate.All the parameters,including the temperature on the glass surface,the water temperature inside the evaporation zone,and the amount of water produced in both conventional and modified stepped solar stills are measured and compared.The efficiency of two devices and their exergy efficiency have been calculated.Finally,the economic analysis of both devices has been done to check the economic feasibility of the modified device.The amount of freshwater generated during one day was 2244.4 and 3076.2 mL/m^(2),respectively for the conventional and modified stepped solar stills.As a result,the amount of water produced in one day by modified stepped solar still is 35.5% more than the conventional one.Also,the costs for the conventional and modified stepped solar stills have been calculated as 0.0359 and 0.029$/(L·m^(-2)),respectively.展开更多
Adult-onset Stil's disease(AOSD)is a rare condition that lies between autoinflammatory syndrome and autoimmune disease.The main clinical manifestations include fever,chills,rash,joint swelling and pain,peripheral ...Adult-onset Stil's disease(AOSD)is a rare condition that lies between autoinflammatory syndrome and autoimmune disease.The main clinical manifestations include fever,chills,rash,joint swelling and pain,peripheral blood leukocytosis,splenomegaly,etc.It is a systemic disease affecting between 1 and 34 people per million.The average age of onset is 35 years old,with a slightly higher prevalence rate in women.Since AOSD lacks early specific symptoms and signs,non-specialist doctors have limited understanding of the disease,and patients are prone to clinical misdiagnosis,mistreatment,and delayed disease progression.This paper reports a patient whose AOSD was misdiagnosed as acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia.展开更多
Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: East London Hospital. Subjects: 724 women who had maternal serum alphafetoprotein levels measured between 15 to 19 weeks gestation. Main outcome measure: The main outcome measu...Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: East London Hospital. Subjects: 724 women who had maternal serum alphafetoprotein levels measured between 15 to 19 weeks gestation. Main outcome measure: The main outcome measures were defined as any case of preeclampsia, small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth- weight th centile, placental abruption, stillbirth or early neonatal death. Methods: Women with MSAFP > 2.0 Multiples of Median (MoM) were classified as screen positive. Results: 41 (5.7%) women developed preeclampsia. Women with MSAFP > 2.0 Multiples of the Median (MoM) were significantly more likely to develop preeclampsia (p th centile展开更多
The latent heat of condensation is lost to the atmosphere; hence it is not utilized to increase distillate output of single basin solar stills. This difficulty was overcome by attaching an additional basin to the main...The latent heat of condensation is lost to the atmosphere; hence it is not utilized to increase distillate output of single basin solar stills. This difficulty was overcome by attaching an additional basin to the main basin. The performance of the double basin solar still was also increased by attaching vacuum tubes to the lower basin; hence the lower basin possessed a higher tempera- ture throughout the day. The latent heat of condensation of the bottom basin was also utilized to increase distillate. But the distillate output of the compared with that of the proposed a novel approach to of the double basin solar still top basin was even lower bottom basin. This paper increase the distillate output attached with vacuum tubes by introducing different sensible energy storage materials like pebbles, black granite gravel and calcium stones to increase the basin area. Experiments were conducted in climate conditions of Mehsana （23.6000° N, 72.4000° E） Gujarat from April to September 2013 with a constant water depth of 2 cm in the top basin with and without the use of basin materials. The results showed that the distillate output of basin material with calcium stones is greater （74%） compared with that of black granite gravel and pebbles. The integration of vacuum tubes with solar still greatly increases the distillate output of the solar still by providing hot water at the lower basin.展开更多
Getting consumable water to individuals has been a continuous challenge worldwide.Contaminated or non⁃purified water sources are responsible for the bulk of human illnesses.The demand for water purification that does ...Getting consumable water to individuals has been a continuous challenge worldwide.Contaminated or non⁃purified water sources are responsible for the bulk of human illnesses.The demand for water purification that does not harm the biological system is urgent.Sun⁃based desalination is one of the effective water purification methods creating ultra⁃pure refined water.Sun⁃based still refining frameworks offer maintainable devices for a freshwater generation.Diverse plans were tried by analysts to move forward the efficiency of sun⁃powered still.According to the experiments,solar still coordinates outside or inside the condenser is considered to be a valid and successful plan.This survey hopes to show,explain,and study the performance of several solar stills combined with diverse condenser designs.展开更多
The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the ...The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei M展开更多
China has begun the transition from pandemic to an endemic phase with announcements of a reduction in COVID-test checks, the possibility of isolating at home, and priority vaccination of the elderly. A total of 6.7 mi...China has begun the transition from pandemic to an endemic phase with announcements of a reduction in COVID-test checks, the possibility of isolating at home, and priority vaccination of the elderly. A total of 6.7 million people in 224 countries and jurisdictions have died from COVID-19. Many more will have perished without being diagnosed and others because they were denied treatment for other illnesses in over-crowded hospitals. Altogather, 653 million cases have been confirmed.展开更多
This experimental study aimed to investigate the impact of water depth, inlet water temperature,and fins on the productivity of a pyramid solar still in producing distilled water. The experiment was conducted in three...This experimental study aimed to investigate the impact of water depth, inlet water temperature,and fins on the productivity of a pyramid solar still in producing distilled water. The experiment was conducted in three parts, where the first part explored the variation in water depth from 1 cm to 5 cm, the second part evaluated the effect of increasing inlet water temperature from 30℃ to 50℃, and the third part added fins at the bottom of the still at a specific inlet water depth. Results showed that basin depth had a significant impact on the still's production, with a maximum variation of 40.6% observed when the water level was changed from 1 cm to 5 cm. The daily freshwater production from the pyramid solar still ranged from 3.41 kg/m~2 for a water depth of 1 cm to 2.02 kg/m~2 for a depth of 5 cm. Adding fins at the bottom of the pyramid solar still led to a 7.5% increase in productivity, while adjusting the inlet water temperature from 30℃ to 40℃ and 50℃ resulted in a 15.3% and 21.2% increase, respectively. These findings highlighted the essential factors that can influence the productivity of pyramid solar stills and can be valuable in designing and operating efficient water desalination and purification technologies.展开更多
文摘In the mid-19th century, out of their dissatisfaction with the neglect of the economic theories about other countries’ experiences in the British classic economics, the economists in the German Historical School worked hard to construct an economic theory that was congruent to the developmental stage in their own country’s culture and history. Their deeply-cherished concern about the reality in a transitional era when Germany was approaching modernization drove them to propose that the living condition of the working class be improved by the power of the state. In the late 80’s of the same century, the Methodenstreit of German Historical School versus the Austrian School broke out, after which the mainstream economics was well on its way in terms of theoretical refinement and scrutiny, whereas the influence from the Historical School gradually subsided. Even so, the lessons from the Historical School are still enlightening to research in contemporary social sciences. This paper describes the unique basics in the theory building of the Historical School; explains the background and meaning of its academic origin, research methodology, and the Methodenstreit; and from there, discusses implications for contemporary social sciences.
文摘The world economy is experiencing what the World Bank calls"the slowest halfdecade of GDP growth in 30 years."As some of China's key growth catalysts weaken against this backdrop,a few stakeholders in the Western economy have become defeatist and pessimistic.
文摘《静止点的运动:舞蹈颂歌》(Movement at the Still Point:An Ode to Dance,Mark Mann)2023年,240页“肖像摄影师必须在张面部照片中捕捉一个人的本质。但舞者的特点是,他们用整个身体来交流。在你想要捕捉的瞬间,之前,一定有个熟悉瞬间的过程,就像当一个人弯曲膝盖并沉向地面时,你就知道他要跳了。你总是能看到舞者在这种完美的、顶点的时刻,但之前的准备,或之后的释放时刻,都有很多美妙之处。”
文摘BACKGROUND Adult-onset Still’s disease(AOSD)is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by fever,arthritis,skin rash,and systemic symptoms.The etiology of AOSD is unknown;however,it is thought to be related to immune dysregulation.Although a rare disease,AOSD can significantly impact reproductive health,particularly during pregnancy.This case study assesses the implications of pregnancy in a patient with AOSD,as well as the potential for heredity of the disease.Neonatal hemophagocytic lympho-histiocytosis(HLH)is a rare and lifethreatening disorder characterized by hyperinflammation and uncontrolled activation of immune cells,leading to multiple organ dysfunction.This case report aimed to introduce neonatal HLH from a mother with AOSD.CASE SUMMARY This case study presents a 29-year-old female with AOSD who became pregnant and gave birth to a premature infant who was diagnosed with neonatal HLH.AOSD can significantly impact pregnancy and childbirth,as it may become more severe during pregnancy,with an increased risk of fetal loss and preterm birth.The management of AOSD during pregnancy involves the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids,as well as immunosuppressive agents in severe cases.However,the use of immunosuppressive agents during pregnancy may be associated with potential risks to the fetus.The hereditary implications of AOSD are unclear;however,available evidence suggests that genetic factors may play a role in the disease development.CONCLUSION AOSD can have significant implications for pregnancy and childbirth,including an increased risk of fetal loss and preterm birth.Neonatal HLH,a complication of AOSD in pregnancy,requires prompt diagnosis and management.Women with AOSD who are considering pregnancy should discuss their options with their healthcare provider and develop a management plan that addresses the potential risks to both mother and fetus.
基金Supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-A-017 and No.2022-PUMCH-B-045CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,No.2021-I2M-1-062.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute acalculous cholecystitis(AAC)is inflammation of the gallbladder without evidence of calculi.Although rarely reported,its etiologies include hepatitis virus infection(e.g.,hepatitis A virus,HAV)and adult-onset Still’s disease(AOSD).There are no reports of HAV-associated AAC in an AOSD patient.CASE SUMMARY Here we report a rare case of HAV infection-associated AAC in a 39-year-old woman who had a history of AOSD.The patient presented with an acute abdomen and hypotension.Elevated hepatobiliary enzymes and a thickened and distended gallbladder without gallstones on ultrasonography suggested AAC,but there were no signs of anemia nor thrombocytopenia.Serological screening revealed anti-HAV IgM antibodies.Steroid treatment did not alleviate her symptoms,and she was referred for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The resected gallbladder was hydropic without perforation,and her clinical signs gradually improved after surgery.CONCLUSION AAC can be caused by HAV in AOSD patients.It is crucial to search for the underlying etiology for AAC,especially uncommon viral causes.
文摘This book narrates fragmentary stories from the author's youthful memories,youthful impressions,and current reflections,showcasing the changes in the clothing,food,shelter,and transportation of the villagers of Shanggou Village in Chengde City,Hebei Province,as well as their life transformations.The author compares the people and events of the small mountain village 30 years ago to the present day,intricately presenting the immense changes in Chinese rural areas over three decades,authentically reflecting the life state of a community,and subtly revealing the heartening scenery brought about by the new period's poverty alleviation and wealth generation policies in the new socialist countryside.
文摘In this paper,the experimental investigation on the performance improvement of conventional stepped solar still is conducted.The steps are covered by the porous material to improve the performance of the conventional device and increase the evaporation rate.All the parameters,including the temperature on the glass surface,the water temperature inside the evaporation zone,and the amount of water produced in both conventional and modified stepped solar stills are measured and compared.The efficiency of two devices and their exergy efficiency have been calculated.Finally,the economic analysis of both devices has been done to check the economic feasibility of the modified device.The amount of freshwater generated during one day was 2244.4 and 3076.2 mL/m^(2),respectively for the conventional and modified stepped solar stills.As a result,the amount of water produced in one day by modified stepped solar still is 35.5% more than the conventional one.Also,the costs for the conventional and modified stepped solar stills have been calculated as 0.0359 and 0.029$/(L·m^(-2)),respectively.
文摘Adult-onset Stil's disease(AOSD)is a rare condition that lies between autoinflammatory syndrome and autoimmune disease.The main clinical manifestations include fever,chills,rash,joint swelling and pain,peripheral blood leukocytosis,splenomegaly,etc.It is a systemic disease affecting between 1 and 34 people per million.The average age of onset is 35 years old,with a slightly higher prevalence rate in women.Since AOSD lacks early specific symptoms and signs,non-specialist doctors have limited understanding of the disease,and patients are prone to clinical misdiagnosis,mistreatment,and delayed disease progression.This paper reports a patient whose AOSD was misdiagnosed as acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia.
文摘Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: East London Hospital. Subjects: 724 women who had maternal serum alphafetoprotein levels measured between 15 to 19 weeks gestation. Main outcome measure: The main outcome measures were defined as any case of preeclampsia, small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth- weight th centile, placental abruption, stillbirth or early neonatal death. Methods: Women with MSAFP > 2.0 Multiples of Median (MoM) were classified as screen positive. Results: 41 (5.7%) women developed preeclampsia. Women with MSAFP > 2.0 Multiples of the Median (MoM) were significantly more likely to develop preeclampsia (p th centile
文摘The latent heat of condensation is lost to the atmosphere; hence it is not utilized to increase distillate output of single basin solar stills. This difficulty was overcome by attaching an additional basin to the main basin. The performance of the double basin solar still was also increased by attaching vacuum tubes to the lower basin; hence the lower basin possessed a higher tempera- ture throughout the day. The latent heat of condensation of the bottom basin was also utilized to increase distillate. But the distillate output of the compared with that of the proposed a novel approach to of the double basin solar still top basin was even lower bottom basin. This paper increase the distillate output attached with vacuum tubes by introducing different sensible energy storage materials like pebbles, black granite gravel and calcium stones to increase the basin area. Experiments were conducted in climate conditions of Mehsana （23.6000° N, 72.4000° E） Gujarat from April to September 2013 with a constant water depth of 2 cm in the top basin with and without the use of basin materials. The results showed that the distillate output of basin material with calcium stones is greater （74%） compared with that of black granite gravel and pebbles. The integration of vacuum tubes with solar still greatly increases the distillate output of the solar still by providing hot water at the lower basin.
文摘Getting consumable water to individuals has been a continuous challenge worldwide.Contaminated or non⁃purified water sources are responsible for the bulk of human illnesses.The demand for water purification that does not harm the biological system is urgent.Sun⁃based desalination is one of the effective water purification methods creating ultra⁃pure refined water.Sun⁃based still refining frameworks offer maintainable devices for a freshwater generation.Diverse plans were tried by analysts to move forward the efficiency of sun⁃powered still.According to the experiments,solar still coordinates outside or inside the condenser is considered to be a valid and successful plan.This survey hopes to show,explain,and study the performance of several solar stills combined with diverse condenser designs.
文摘The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei M
文摘China has begun the transition from pandemic to an endemic phase with announcements of a reduction in COVID-test checks, the possibility of isolating at home, and priority vaccination of the elderly. A total of 6.7 million people in 224 countries and jurisdictions have died from COVID-19. Many more will have perished without being diagnosed and others because they were denied treatment for other illnesses in over-crowded hospitals. Altogather, 653 million cases have been confirmed.
文摘This experimental study aimed to investigate the impact of water depth, inlet water temperature,and fins on the productivity of a pyramid solar still in producing distilled water. The experiment was conducted in three parts, where the first part explored the variation in water depth from 1 cm to 5 cm, the second part evaluated the effect of increasing inlet water temperature from 30℃ to 50℃, and the third part added fins at the bottom of the still at a specific inlet water depth. Results showed that basin depth had a significant impact on the still's production, with a maximum variation of 40.6% observed when the water level was changed from 1 cm to 5 cm. The daily freshwater production from the pyramid solar still ranged from 3.41 kg/m~2 for a water depth of 1 cm to 2.02 kg/m~2 for a depth of 5 cm. Adding fins at the bottom of the pyramid solar still led to a 7.5% increase in productivity, while adjusting the inlet water temperature from 30℃ to 40℃ and 50℃ resulted in a 15.3% and 21.2% increase, respectively. These findings highlighted the essential factors that can influence the productivity of pyramid solar stills and can be valuable in designing and operating efficient water desalination and purification technologies.
