Many studies have demonstrated that some of the activities of people can disturb nesting and foraging birds, particularly along coasts and estuaries. Some managers respond to human disturbance of sensitive species by ...Many studies have demonstrated that some of the activities of people can disturb nesting and foraging birds, particularly along coasts and estuaries. Some managers respond to human disturbance of sensitive species by closing beaches, but most have stewards monitor and restrict access to beaches or portions of beaches. Yet little is known about the type of visitor or their perceptions of beach stewards. This paper explores the general acceptance of beach stewards and their role in conservation of red knots </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Calidris</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">canutus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rufa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">),</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> other shorebirds, and horseshoe crabs </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Limulus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">polyphemus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">along the Delaware Bay (New Jersey) beaches by interviewing 279 visitors during the stopover period. While most people came to see the shorebird and horseshoe crab spectacle (60%), many came for the scenery, tranquility, and recreation. Just over half of the people interviewed said that the stewards were helpful (58%), although most of those that answered this question later said that they provided conservation value (86%), but only 40% said they relied on the stewards for information. On a Likert rating scale of 1 to 5 (the highest value), the mean rating for whether it was important for stewards to be present was 3.87 ± 0.09, and the rating for the presence of stewards who can provide information was 3.71 ± 0.11. In contrast, protection of shorebirds was rated a mean of 4.79 ± 0.04. There were significant visitor type differences in how important stewards were, but not in the importance of stewards who can provi展开更多
目的评价抗菌药物管理项目(antimicrobial stewardship program,ASP)对后路腰椎手术患者的临床结局及抗感染治疗费用的影响。方法回顾性分析2016~2019年于我院骨科行后路腰椎手术并被反馈ASP建议的病例。比较采纳ASP建议与否对患者目标...目的评价抗菌药物管理项目(antimicrobial stewardship program,ASP)对后路腰椎手术患者的临床结局及抗感染治疗费用的影响。方法回顾性分析2016~2019年于我院骨科行后路腰椎手术并被反馈ASP建议的病例。比较采纳ASP建议与否对患者目标药物治疗天数、住院天数、目标药物费用及抗菌药物总费用、患者30 d感染相关再住院率的影响。结果2016~2019年,ASP小组共反馈临床建议113例,临床采纳ASP建议54例,拒绝ASP建议59例,采纳率47.79%。采纳ASP建议可以显著减少患者目标药物使用天数(5.0 d vs 6.0 d,P<0.001)及费用(1559.50元vs 2300.27元,P<0.01),同时可以降低患者住院天数(15.5 d vs 17.0 d,P=0.174)及抗菌药物总费用(4144.96元vs 5218.53元,P=0.079)。采纳组与拒绝组患者的30 d感染相关再住院率分别为0 d及1.69%。结论采纳ASP建议可在不增加感染相关事件的情况下,显著降低后路腰椎手术患者目标药物使用天数及费用,值得在骨科手术的抗菌药物管理中进一步研究。展开更多
文摘Many studies have demonstrated that some of the activities of people can disturb nesting and foraging birds, particularly along coasts and estuaries. Some managers respond to human disturbance of sensitive species by closing beaches, but most have stewards monitor and restrict access to beaches or portions of beaches. Yet little is known about the type of visitor or their perceptions of beach stewards. This paper explores the general acceptance of beach stewards and their role in conservation of red knots </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Calidris</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">canutus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rufa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">),</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> other shorebirds, and horseshoe crabs </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Limulus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">polyphemus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">along the Delaware Bay (New Jersey) beaches by interviewing 279 visitors during the stopover period. While most people came to see the shorebird and horseshoe crab spectacle (60%), many came for the scenery, tranquility, and recreation. Just over half of the people interviewed said that the stewards were helpful (58%), although most of those that answered this question later said that they provided conservation value (86%), but only 40% said they relied on the stewards for information. On a Likert rating scale of 1 to 5 (the highest value), the mean rating for whether it was important for stewards to be present was 3.87 ± 0.09, and the rating for the presence of stewards who can provide information was 3.71 ± 0.11. In contrast, protection of shorebirds was rated a mean of 4.79 ± 0.04. There were significant visitor type differences in how important stewards were, but not in the importance of stewards who can provi
文摘目的评价抗菌药物管理项目(antimicrobial stewardship program,ASP)对后路腰椎手术患者的临床结局及抗感染治疗费用的影响。方法回顾性分析2016~2019年于我院骨科行后路腰椎手术并被反馈ASP建议的病例。比较采纳ASP建议与否对患者目标药物治疗天数、住院天数、目标药物费用及抗菌药物总费用、患者30 d感染相关再住院率的影响。结果2016~2019年,ASP小组共反馈临床建议113例,临床采纳ASP建议54例,拒绝ASP建议59例,采纳率47.79%。采纳ASP建议可以显著减少患者目标药物使用天数(5.0 d vs 6.0 d,P<0.001)及费用(1559.50元vs 2300.27元,P<0.01),同时可以降低患者住院天数(15.5 d vs 17.0 d,P=0.174)及抗菌药物总费用(4144.96元vs 5218.53元,P=0.079)。采纳组与拒绝组患者的30 d感染相关再住院率分别为0 d及1.69%。结论采纳ASP建议可在不增加感染相关事件的情况下,显著降低后路腰椎手术患者目标药物使用天数及费用,值得在骨科手术的抗菌药物管理中进一步研究。
