<strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate the effect of silver ionised water on acid production in plaque. <strong>Methods: </strong>After injecting 0.5 mL of silver ionised water (concentration...<strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate the effect of silver ionised water on acid production in plaque. <strong>Methods: </strong>After injecting 0.5 mL of silver ionised water (concentration: 5 ppm) produced with the sintering coating method in the sensor part of the pH metre, plaque collected from the oral cavity by one platinum loop was mixed in. Immediately after that, a 5% sucrose solution (1 g/20 mL) was added and the pH was continuously measured for 30 minutes at 1-minute intervals (A). Similarly, silver ionised water was mixed with 5% sucrose solution in the same way as in (A) at 3 (B), 5 (C), 10 (D) and 15 minutes (E) after plaque contamination. The pH was measured at 1-minute intervals. The pH of the purified water containing no silver ionised water mixed with plaque and sugar solution at the same time was measured and used as a control. Each experiment was conducted three times, and the pH measured every minute was compared as a percentage of the pH at the beginning of the measurement (100%). <strong>Results:</strong> Analysis of variance of the repeated measurements to determine the effect of silver ionised water on the decrease in pH revealed a main effect of silver ionised water and an interaction between time and group [F<sub>(1.302,20.826)</sub> = 39.145, p < 0.01]. Multiple comparisons using Dunnett’s method showed a significant decline in the rate of decrease in pH from B to E as compared with that in the control (p < 0.01). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Silver ionised water was found to inhibit the acid production in plaque.展开更多
When designing and building an optimal reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant, it is important that engineers select effective membrane parameters for optimal application performance. The membrane selection can deter...When designing and building an optimal reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant, it is important that engineers select effective membrane parameters for optimal application performance. The membrane selection can determine the success or failure of the entire desalination operation. The objective of this work is to review available membrane types and design parameters that can be selected for optimal application to yield the highest potential for plant operations. Factors such as osmotic pressure, water flux values, and membrane resistance will all be evaluated as functions of membrane parameters. The optimization of these parameters will be determined through the deployment of the solution-diffusion model devolved from the Maxwell Stephan Equation. When applying the solution-diffusion model to evaluate RO membranes, the Maxwell Stephan Equation provides mathematical analysis through which the steps for mass transfer through a RO membrane may be observed and calculated. A practical study of the use of the solution-diffusion model will be discussed. This study uses the diffusion-solution model to evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of Toray RO membranes. This practical application confirms two principal hypotheses when using the diffusion-solution model for membrane evaluation. First, there is an inverse relationship between membrane and water flux rate. Second, there is a proportional linear relationship between overall water flux rate and the applied pressure across a membrane.展开更多
Dracocephalum palmatum Stephan is a medicinal plant traditionally used by nomadic people in Eastern Russia;however,research on this plant is currently limited.Recently,although studies have been conducted on the const...Dracocephalum palmatum Stephan is a medicinal plant traditionally used by nomadic people in Eastern Russia;however,research on this plant is currently limited.Recently,although studies have been conducted on the constituents of this plant and their antioxidant effects,data on its various pharmacological activities are still lacking.Thus,this study examined the anticancer potential of the dried leaves of D.palmatum S.(DpL)using human prostate cancer PC-3 cells.The antioxidant potential of DpL was evaluated by estimating the total flavonoid and total phenolic content(TFC and TPC,respectively).Additionally,we investigated the effects of the DpL ethyl acetate fraction(DpLE)on cell proliferation,intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,apoptosis,and cell cycle arrest in this cell line.The expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)-1,SOD-2,B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2 associated X(Bax)ratio,phospho-protein kinase B(p-AKT),cleaved caspase-8,poly adenosine diphosphate(ADP)ribose polymerase(PARP),and cleaved-PARP were evaluated by western blotting.The results indicated that DpLE causes apoptosis and exerts intracellular ROS-independent anticancer effects on prostate cancer cells,associated with increased SOD-2,cleaved caspase-8,and cleaved-PARP expression and inhibited p-AKT signaling.Thus,DpLE may be a potential resource for the development of promising chemotherapeutic agents for prostate cancer.展开更多
In evolutionary theory,we generally believe that the evolution of life is from simple to complex,from single to diverse,and from lower to higher.Thus,the idea of evolutionary progress appears obvious.However,in contem...In evolutionary theory,we generally believe that the evolution of life is from simple to complex,from single to diverse,and from lower to higher.Thus,the idea of evolutionary progress appears obvious.However,in contemporary academic circles,some biologists and philosophers challenge this idea.Among them,Gould is the most influential.This paper first describes Gould’s seven arguments against evolutionary progress,i.e.,the human arrogance argument,anthropocentric argument,no inner thrust argument,no biological base argument,extreme contingency argument,statistical error argument,and bacteria(other than human beings)ruling the earth argument.Gould’s arguments against evolutionary progress have great influence in contemporary evolutionary theory.Thus,it is necessary to conduct a careful philosophical analysis of each of Gould’s arguments to reveal his philosophical mistakes.This research contends that Gould’s arguments against evolutionary progress are invalid.展开更多
This paper shows how the Flat Space Cosmology model correlates the recom-bination epoch CMB temperature of 3000 K with a cosmological redshift of 1100. This proof is given in support of the recent publication that the...This paper shows how the Flat Space Cosmology model correlates the recom-bination epoch CMB temperature of 3000 K with a cosmological redshift of 1100. This proof is given in support of the recent publication that the Tatum and Seshavatharam Hubble temperature formulae can be derived using the Stephan-Boltzmann dispersion law. Thus, as explained herein, the era of high precision Planck scale quantum cosmology has arrived.展开更多
0引言我院新生儿重症监护病房（neonatal intensive care unit,NICU）使用的是德国斯蒂芬Stephanie呼吸机,它适用于婴幼儿和体质量小于20 kg的小儿,具有高频振荡通气功能。高频通气是利用高频率的振动促进对流及气体扩散、弥散过程[1],...0引言我院新生儿重症监护病房（neonatal intensive care unit,NICU）使用的是德国斯蒂芬Stephanie呼吸机,它适用于婴幼儿和体质量小于20 kg的小儿,具有高频振荡通气功能。高频通气是利用高频率的振动促进对流及气体扩散、弥散过程[1],配备有多种适用于新生儿患者的呼吸模式。它使用的是吸气和呼气端同步控制的比例阀系统,展开更多
In this work,we report observations of three comets:38P/Stephan-Oterma,64P/Swift-Gehrels,and C/2017 M4(ATLAS),conducted with the Nanshan one-meter wide-field telescope in 2018 August and November,and 2019January.We ex...In this work,we report observations of three comets:38P/Stephan-Oterma,64P/Swift-Gehrels,and C/2017 M4(ATLAS),conducted with the Nanshan one-meter wide-field telescope in 2018 August and November,and 2019January.We extracted morphological features through image enhancement techniques and calculated the dust activity parameter,Afρ,along with dust mass loss rates and coma color indices using broadband photometric data.Our morphological analysis uncovered a spectrum of dust characteristics among the observed comets,ranging from a significant twisted structure in comet 38P/Stephan-Oterma’s coma to the regular coma envelope surrounding comet 64P/Swift-Gehrels.The Afρvalues varied between 148.8±0.3 cm for 64P/Swift-Gehrels and1118.5±6.2 cm for C/2017 M4(ATLAS)(measured within a reference aperture radius ofρ=6″),indicating a range from moderate to high activity levels.Dust mass loss rates were estimated from 328.1 kg s^(-1)for comet 64P/Swift-Gehrels to 1395.5 kg s^(-1)for comet C/2017 M4(ATLAS).The color indices of comets 38P/Stephan-Oterma and C/2017 M4(ATLAS)closely resemble the average colors of active short-period comets and active longperiod comets,respectively.In contrast,64P/Swift-Gehrels exhibits a significantly bluer hue than typical Jupiter family comets.展开更多
Civilization has reached such a level of development when the energy produced by humanity (the energy of civilization) begins to become a noticeable addition to the energy of incoming solar radiation. The energy of ci...Civilization has reached such a level of development when the energy produced by humanity (the energy of civilization) begins to become a noticeable addition to the energy of incoming solar radiation. The energy of civilization accumulates in the surface layer, where human activity is concentrated, and dissipates in the form of heat, causing a rise in temperature. An equation is derived to calculate the contribution of civilization’s energy to global warming, which prove to be directly proportional to the accumulated energy of civilization and inversely proportional to the energy of solar radiation on the earth’s surface to the power of three-fourths. The coefficient of proportionality is expressed in terms of fundamental physical constants: Planck’s constant, the speed of light and the Boltzmann constant. It is shown that the contribution of energy of civilization is comparable with the role of increasing concentration of carbon dioxide over the past decades. To mitigate the negative effect, it is necessary to reduce the energy production and partially revise the environmental policy.展开更多
文摘<strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate the effect of silver ionised water on acid production in plaque. <strong>Methods: </strong>After injecting 0.5 mL of silver ionised water (concentration: 5 ppm) produced with the sintering coating method in the sensor part of the pH metre, plaque collected from the oral cavity by one platinum loop was mixed in. Immediately after that, a 5% sucrose solution (1 g/20 mL) was added and the pH was continuously measured for 30 minutes at 1-minute intervals (A). Similarly, silver ionised water was mixed with 5% sucrose solution in the same way as in (A) at 3 (B), 5 (C), 10 (D) and 15 minutes (E) after plaque contamination. The pH was measured at 1-minute intervals. The pH of the purified water containing no silver ionised water mixed with plaque and sugar solution at the same time was measured and used as a control. Each experiment was conducted three times, and the pH measured every minute was compared as a percentage of the pH at the beginning of the measurement (100%). <strong>Results:</strong> Analysis of variance of the repeated measurements to determine the effect of silver ionised water on the decrease in pH revealed a main effect of silver ionised water and an interaction between time and group [F<sub>(1.302,20.826)</sub> = 39.145, p < 0.01]. Multiple comparisons using Dunnett’s method showed a significant decline in the rate of decrease in pH from B to E as compared with that in the control (p < 0.01). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Silver ionised water was found to inhibit the acid production in plaque.
文摘When designing and building an optimal reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant, it is important that engineers select effective membrane parameters for optimal application performance. The membrane selection can determine the success or failure of the entire desalination operation. The objective of this work is to review available membrane types and design parameters that can be selected for optimal application to yield the highest potential for plant operations. Factors such as osmotic pressure, water flux values, and membrane resistance will all be evaluated as functions of membrane parameters. The optimization of these parameters will be determined through the deployment of the solution-diffusion model devolved from the Maxwell Stephan Equation. When applying the solution-diffusion model to evaluate RO membranes, the Maxwell Stephan Equation provides mathematical analysis through which the steps for mass transfer through a RO membrane may be observed and calculated. A practical study of the use of the solution-diffusion model will be discussed. This study uses the diffusion-solution model to evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of Toray RO membranes. This practical application confirms two principal hypotheses when using the diffusion-solution model for membrane evaluation. First, there is an inverse relationship between membrane and water flux rate. Second, there is a proportional linear relationship between overall water flux rate and the applied pressure across a membrane.
文摘Dracocephalum palmatum Stephan is a medicinal plant traditionally used by nomadic people in Eastern Russia;however,research on this plant is currently limited.Recently,although studies have been conducted on the constituents of this plant and their antioxidant effects,data on its various pharmacological activities are still lacking.Thus,this study examined the anticancer potential of the dried leaves of D.palmatum S.(DpL)using human prostate cancer PC-3 cells.The antioxidant potential of DpL was evaluated by estimating the total flavonoid and total phenolic content(TFC and TPC,respectively).Additionally,we investigated the effects of the DpL ethyl acetate fraction(DpLE)on cell proliferation,intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,apoptosis,and cell cycle arrest in this cell line.The expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)-1,SOD-2,B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2 associated X(Bax)ratio,phospho-protein kinase B(p-AKT),cleaved caspase-8,poly adenosine diphosphate(ADP)ribose polymerase(PARP),and cleaved-PARP were evaluated by western blotting.The results indicated that DpLE causes apoptosis and exerts intracellular ROS-independent anticancer effects on prostate cancer cells,associated with increased SOD-2,cleaved caspase-8,and cleaved-PARP expression and inhibited p-AKT signaling.Thus,DpLE may be a potential resource for the development of promising chemotherapeutic agents for prostate cancer.
文摘In evolutionary theory,we generally believe that the evolution of life is from simple to complex,from single to diverse,and from lower to higher.Thus,the idea of evolutionary progress appears obvious.However,in contemporary academic circles,some biologists and philosophers challenge this idea.Among them,Gould is the most influential.This paper first describes Gould’s seven arguments against evolutionary progress,i.e.,the human arrogance argument,anthropocentric argument,no inner thrust argument,no biological base argument,extreme contingency argument,statistical error argument,and bacteria(other than human beings)ruling the earth argument.Gould’s arguments against evolutionary progress have great influence in contemporary evolutionary theory.Thus,it is necessary to conduct a careful philosophical analysis of each of Gould’s arguments to reveal his philosophical mistakes.This research contends that Gould’s arguments against evolutionary progress are invalid.
文摘This paper shows how the Flat Space Cosmology model correlates the recom-bination epoch CMB temperature of 3000 K with a cosmological redshift of 1100. This proof is given in support of the recent publication that the Tatum and Seshavatharam Hubble temperature formulae can be derived using the Stephan-Boltzmann dispersion law. Thus, as explained herein, the era of high precision Planck scale quantum cosmology has arrived.
文摘0引言我院新生儿重症监护病房（neonatal intensive care unit,NICU）使用的是德国斯蒂芬Stephanie呼吸机,它适用于婴幼儿和体质量小于20 kg的小儿,具有高频振荡通气功能。高频通气是利用高频率的振动促进对流及气体扩散、弥散过程[1],配备有多种适用于新生儿患者的呼吸模式。它使用的是吸气和呼气端同步控制的比例阀系统,
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(grant No.2021D01B112)Tianshan Talent Training Program through the grant 2023TSYCCX0101。
文摘In this work,we report observations of three comets:38P/Stephan-Oterma,64P/Swift-Gehrels,and C/2017 M4(ATLAS),conducted with the Nanshan one-meter wide-field telescope in 2018 August and November,and 2019January.We extracted morphological features through image enhancement techniques and calculated the dust activity parameter,Afρ,along with dust mass loss rates and coma color indices using broadband photometric data.Our morphological analysis uncovered a spectrum of dust characteristics among the observed comets,ranging from a significant twisted structure in comet 38P/Stephan-Oterma’s coma to the regular coma envelope surrounding comet 64P/Swift-Gehrels.The Afρvalues varied between 148.8±0.3 cm for 64P/Swift-Gehrels and1118.5±6.2 cm for C/2017 M4(ATLAS)(measured within a reference aperture radius ofρ=6″),indicating a range from moderate to high activity levels.Dust mass loss rates were estimated from 328.1 kg s^(-1)for comet 64P/Swift-Gehrels to 1395.5 kg s^(-1)for comet C/2017 M4(ATLAS).The color indices of comets 38P/Stephan-Oterma and C/2017 M4(ATLAS)closely resemble the average colors of active short-period comets and active longperiod comets,respectively.In contrast,64P/Swift-Gehrels exhibits a significantly bluer hue than typical Jupiter family comets.
文摘Civilization has reached such a level of development when the energy produced by humanity (the energy of civilization) begins to become a noticeable addition to the energy of incoming solar radiation. The energy of civilization accumulates in the surface layer, where human activity is concentrated, and dissipates in the form of heat, causing a rise in temperature. An equation is derived to calculate the contribution of civilization’s energy to global warming, which prove to be directly proportional to the accumulated energy of civilization and inversely proportional to the energy of solar radiation on the earth’s surface to the power of three-fourths. The coefficient of proportionality is expressed in terms of fundamental physical constants: Planck’s constant, the speed of light and the Boltzmann constant. It is shown that the contribution of energy of civilization is comparable with the role of increasing concentration of carbon dioxide over the past decades. To mitigate the negative effect, it is necessary to reduce the energy production and partially revise the environmental policy.
