Esophageal cancer is one of the most unknown and deadliest cancers worldwide,mainly because of its extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate.Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of death from cancer and...Esophageal cancer is one of the most unknown and deadliest cancers worldwide,mainly because of its extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate.Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of death from cancer and the 8th most common cancer in the world.The 5-year survival is around 15%-25%.There are clear differences between the risk factors of both histological types that affect their incidence and distribution worldwide.There are areas of high incidence of squamous cell carcinoma(some areas in China) that meet the requirements for cost-effectiveness of endoscopy for early diagnosis in the general population of those areas.In Europe and United States the predominant histologic subtype is adenocarcinoma.The role of early diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus remains controversial.The differences in the therapeutic management of early esophageal carcinoma(high-grade dysplasia,T1 a,T1 b,N0) between different parts of the world may be explained by the number of cancers diagnosed at an early stage.In areas where the incidence is high(China and Japan among others) early diagnoses is more frequent and has led to the development of endoscopic techniques for definitive treatment that achieve very effective results with a minimum number of complications and preserving the functionality of the esophagus.展开更多
目的比较低温等离子射频消融术与CO2激光治疗早期声门型喉癌的临床疗效。方法选取2007年10月~2012年12月行手术治疗的104例早期声门型喉癌（Tis、T1a、T1b）患者,其中64例行低温等离子射频消融术（等离子组）,40例行CO2激光切除术（CO2...目的比较低温等离子射频消融术与CO2激光治疗早期声门型喉癌的临床疗效。方法选取2007年10月~2012年12月行手术治疗的104例早期声门型喉癌（Tis、T1a、T1b）患者,其中64例行低温等离子射频消融术（等离子组）,40例行CO2激光切除术（CO2激光组）。记录并比较两组手术时间、术后第二日疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法（visual analog scale,VAS）]评分;所有患者于术后一周、1个月及3个月行电子喉镜及嗓音声学分析,并进行随访观察。结果等离子组平均手术时间为8.75±1.62min,CO2激光组平均手术时间为11.82±1.51min,等离子组优于CO2激光组（P〈0.05）。术后第二日VAS评分等离子组（2.79±0.47分）与CO2激光组（2.96±0.64分）组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。等离子组术后1个月粘膜恢复情况好于CO2激光组（χ2=13.842,P〈0.05）。单因素重复测量分析结果显示：等离子组及CO2激光组术后嗓音声学指标jitter、shimmer、HNR随术后时间延长逐渐好转,在术后3个时间点的变化差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且呈线性变化趋势。多因素重复测量方差分析结果显示：嗓音声学指标（jitter、shimmer、HNR）在术后3个时间点两组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。等离子组与CO2激光组术后3年生存率、局部复发率、侵及前联合复发率、前联合术后粘连率组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组所有患者均未行气管切开术,术后无呛咳,无呼吸困难,无严重疼痛及咯血等严重并发症。结论低温等离子射频消融术与CO2激光治疗早期声门型喉癌均较安全、有效,而低温等离子射频消融术手术时间较CO2激光手术短,术后一月粘膜恢复及嗓音恢复均优于CO2激光手术。展开更多
AIM: To investigate potential therapeutic recommendations for endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/ T1b esophageal neoplasms. METHODS: A thorough search of electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane...AIM: To investigate potential therapeutic recommendations for endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/ T1b esophageal neoplasms. METHODS: A thorough search of electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Library, from 1997 up to January 2011 was performed. An analysis was carried out, pooling the effects of outcomes of 4241 patients enrolled in 80 retrospective studies. For comparisons across studies, each reporting on only one endoscopic method, we used a random effects meta-regression of the log-odds of the outcome of treatment in each study. "Neural networks" as a data mining technique was employed in order to establish a prediction model of lymph node status in superficial submucosal esophageal carcinoma. Another data mining technique, the "feature selection and root cause analysis", was used to identify the most impor-tant predictors of local recurrence and metachronous cancer development in endoscopically resected patients, and lymph node positivity in squamous carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) separately in surgically resected patients. RESULTS: Endoscopically resected patients: Low grade dysplasia was observed in 4% of patients, high grade dysplasia in 14.6%, carcinoma in situ in 19%, mucosal cancer in 54%, and submucosal cancer in 16% of patients. There were no significant differences between endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the following parameters: complications, patients submitted to surgery, positive margins, lymph node positivity, local recurrence and metachronous cancer. With regard to piecemeal resection, ESD performed better since the number of cases was significantly less [coefficient: -7.709438, 95%CI: (-11.03803, -4.380844), P < 0.001]; hence local recurrence rates were significantly lower [coefficient: -4.033528, 95%CI: (-6.151498, -1.915559),P < 0.01]. A higher rate of esophageal stenosis was observed following ESD [coefficient: 7.322266, 95%CI: (3.810146, 10.83439), P < 0.001]. A significantly greater number of SCC patients wer展开更多
Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is currently accepted as the major treatment modality for superficial neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract including the esophagus.An important advantage of ESD is its effectiv...Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is currently accepted as the major treatment modality for superficial neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract including the esophagus.An important advantage of ESD is its effectiveness in resecting lesions regardless of their size and severity of fibrosis.Based on excellent outcomes for esophageal neoplasms with a small likelihood of lymph node metastasis,the number of ESD candidates has increased.On the other hand,ESD still requires highly skilled endoscopists due to technical difficulties.To avoid unnecessary complications including perforation and postoperative stricture,the indications for ESD require careful consideration and a full understanding of this modality.This article,in the highlight topic series,provides detailed information on the indication,procedure,outcome,complications and their prevention in ESD of superficial esophageal neoplasms.展开更多
文摘Esophageal cancer is one of the most unknown and deadliest cancers worldwide,mainly because of its extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate.Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of death from cancer and the 8th most common cancer in the world.The 5-year survival is around 15%-25%.There are clear differences between the risk factors of both histological types that affect their incidence and distribution worldwide.There are areas of high incidence of squamous cell carcinoma(some areas in China) that meet the requirements for cost-effectiveness of endoscopy for early diagnosis in the general population of those areas.In Europe and United States the predominant histologic subtype is adenocarcinoma.The role of early diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus remains controversial.The differences in the therapeutic management of early esophageal carcinoma(high-grade dysplasia,T1 a,T1 b,N0) between different parts of the world may be explained by the number of cancers diagnosed at an early stage.In areas where the incidence is high(China and Japan among others) early diagnoses is more frequent and has led to the development of endoscopic techniques for definitive treatment that achieve very effective results with a minimum number of complications and preserving the functionality of the esophagus.
文摘目的比较低温等离子射频消融术与CO2激光治疗早期声门型喉癌的临床疗效。方法选取2007年10月~2012年12月行手术治疗的104例早期声门型喉癌（Tis、T1a、T1b）患者,其中64例行低温等离子射频消融术（等离子组）,40例行CO2激光切除术（CO2激光组）。记录并比较两组手术时间、术后第二日疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法（visual analog scale,VAS）]评分;所有患者于术后一周、1个月及3个月行电子喉镜及嗓音声学分析,并进行随访观察。结果等离子组平均手术时间为8.75±1.62min,CO2激光组平均手术时间为11.82±1.51min,等离子组优于CO2激光组（P〈0.05）。术后第二日VAS评分等离子组（2.79±0.47分）与CO2激光组（2.96±0.64分）组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。等离子组术后1个月粘膜恢复情况好于CO2激光组（χ2=13.842,P〈0.05）。单因素重复测量分析结果显示：等离子组及CO2激光组术后嗓音声学指标jitter、shimmer、HNR随术后时间延长逐渐好转,在术后3个时间点的变化差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且呈线性变化趋势。多因素重复测量方差分析结果显示：嗓音声学指标（jitter、shimmer、HNR）在术后3个时间点两组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。等离子组与CO2激光组术后3年生存率、局部复发率、侵及前联合复发率、前联合术后粘连率组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组所有患者均未行气管切开术,术后无呛咳,无呼吸困难,无严重疼痛及咯血等严重并发症。结论低温等离子射频消融术与CO2激光治疗早期声门型喉癌均较安全、有效,而低温等离子射频消融术手术时间较CO2激光手术短,术后一月粘膜恢复及嗓音恢复均优于CO2激光手术。
文摘AIM: To investigate potential therapeutic recommendations for endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/ T1b esophageal neoplasms. METHODS: A thorough search of electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Library, from 1997 up to January 2011 was performed. An analysis was carried out, pooling the effects of outcomes of 4241 patients enrolled in 80 retrospective studies. For comparisons across studies, each reporting on only one endoscopic method, we used a random effects meta-regression of the log-odds of the outcome of treatment in each study. "Neural networks" as a data mining technique was employed in order to establish a prediction model of lymph node status in superficial submucosal esophageal carcinoma. Another data mining technique, the "feature selection and root cause analysis", was used to identify the most impor-tant predictors of local recurrence and metachronous cancer development in endoscopically resected patients, and lymph node positivity in squamous carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) separately in surgically resected patients. RESULTS: Endoscopically resected patients: Low grade dysplasia was observed in 4% of patients, high grade dysplasia in 14.6%, carcinoma in situ in 19%, mucosal cancer in 54%, and submucosal cancer in 16% of patients. There were no significant differences between endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the following parameters: complications, patients submitted to surgery, positive margins, lymph node positivity, local recurrence and metachronous cancer. With regard to piecemeal resection, ESD performed better since the number of cases was significantly less [coefficient: -7.709438, 95%CI: (-11.03803, -4.380844), P < 0.001]; hence local recurrence rates were significantly lower [coefficient: -4.033528, 95%CI: (-6.151498, -1.915559),P < 0.01]. A higher rate of esophageal stenosis was observed following ESD [coefficient: 7.322266, 95%CI: (3.810146, 10.83439), P < 0.001]. A significantly greater number of SCC patients wer
文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is currently accepted as the major treatment modality for superficial neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract including the esophagus.An important advantage of ESD is its effectiveness in resecting lesions regardless of their size and severity of fibrosis.Based on excellent outcomes for esophageal neoplasms with a small likelihood of lymph node metastasis,the number of ESD candidates has increased.On the other hand,ESD still requires highly skilled endoscopists due to technical difficulties.To avoid unnecessary complications including perforation and postoperative stricture,the indications for ESD require careful consideration and a full understanding of this modality.This article,in the highlight topic series,provides detailed information on the indication,procedure,outcome,complications and their prevention in ESD of superficial esophageal neoplasms.
