The present moment is not the first time that America has found itself at war with a pathogen during a time of international conflict. Between crowded barracks at home and trenches abroad, wartime conditions helped en...The present moment is not the first time that America has found itself at war with a pathogen during a time of international conflict. Between crowded barracks at home and trenches abroad, wartime conditions helped enable the spread of influenza in the fall of 1918 during World War I such that an estimated 20%–40% of U.S. military members were infected. While the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic is unparalleled for most of today's population, it is essential to not view it as unprecedented lest the lessons of past pandemics and their effect on the American military be forgotten. This article provides a historical perspective on the effect of the most notable antecedent pandemic, the Spanish Influenza epidemic, on American forces with the goal of understanding the interrelationship of global pandemics and the military, highlighting the unique challenges of the current pandemic, and examining how the American military has fought back against pandemics both at home and abroad, both 100 years ago and today.展开更多
Influenza A virus,a highly virulent pathogen that has caused several pandemic events over the course of human history,still remains a major threat to human health at present.The most serious influenza pandemic in reco...Influenza A virus,a highly virulent pathogen that has caused several pandemic events over the course of human history,still remains a major threat to human health at present.The most serious influenza pandemic in recorded history was the 1918 Spanish flu outbreak,which killed about 20-100 million people worldwide（Murray et al.,2006）.Also,展开更多
文摘The present moment is not the first time that America has found itself at war with a pathogen during a time of international conflict. Between crowded barracks at home and trenches abroad, wartime conditions helped enable the spread of influenza in the fall of 1918 during World War I such that an estimated 20%–40% of U.S. military members were infected. While the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic is unparalleled for most of today's population, it is essential to not view it as unprecedented lest the lessons of past pandemics and their effect on the American military be forgotten. This article provides a historical perspective on the effect of the most notable antecedent pandemic, the Spanish Influenza epidemic, on American forces with the goal of understanding the interrelationship of global pandemics and the military, highlighting the unique challenges of the current pandemic, and examining how the American military has fought back against pandemics both at home and abroad, both 100 years ago and today.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program(973 project,No.2013CB933900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31471252,31500813 and U1611261)+2 种基金the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2014TQ01R387 and 2014A030313181)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(No.201604020003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.141gjcl4)
文摘Influenza A virus,a highly virulent pathogen that has caused several pandemic events over the course of human history,still remains a major threat to human health at present.The most serious influenza pandemic in recorded history was the 1918 Spanish flu outbreak,which killed about 20-100 million people worldwide（Murray et al.,2006）.Also,
