信息通信技术(information and communications technology,ICT)等的发展使现代地图面临着机遇和挑战:地图趋向数字虚拟空间方向发展,地图学的研究方法、主题与传统地图学大相径庭,地图虚拟空间的理论还有很大的发展空间,同时互联网技术...信息通信技术(information and communications technology,ICT)等的发展使现代地图面临着机遇和挑战:地图趋向数字虚拟空间方向发展,地图学的研究方法、主题与传统地图学大相径庭,地图虚拟空间的理论还有很大的发展空间,同时互联网技术(internet technology,IT)领域的学科跨界迫使地图逐渐发展成为互联网产品的附属物,内忧外患的双重夹击使得地图学亟待完善和更新理论。地图学发展的难题促使学者向其他领域进行探索。计算机游戏通常具有明显的地理意义,"数字+文化"的发展将游戏推向高新技术的前列,游戏地图则是现代ICT技术和地图的合体。以游戏地图的结构为研究对象,以游戏地图的维度、交互性、叙事探索性和文化传播性来探究虚拟空间的特点、本质及对现实物理世界的启示,发掘其对地图理论的扩展,从而完善ICT时代地图学的知识和理论,促进地图学的发展。展开更多
The construction of a lunar base and habitation on the Moon has always been on researchers’minds.Building materials used in in situ lunar resources are of great significance for saving expensive space freight.In this...The construction of a lunar base and habitation on the Moon has always been on researchers’minds.Building materials used in in situ lunar resources are of great significance for saving expensive space freight.In this study,a new type of lunar soil simulant named Beihang(BH)-1 was developed.The chemical mineral composition and microstructure of BH-1 closely resemble those of real lunar soil,as verified by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and reflectance spectra.This research also synthesized a geopolymer based on BH-1 cured at simulated lunar atmospheric conditions.We also investigated the effect of supplementing aluminum(Al)sources on the enhancement of geopolymer strength based on BH-1.The rheological behavior of alkali-activated BH-1 pastes was determined for workability.XRF,XRD,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,SEM coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy,and 27Al magic angle spinningnuclear magnetic resonance were used to characterize resulting geopolymers.Rheological test findings showed that the rheology of BH-1 pastes fits the Herschel–Bulkley model,and they behaved like a shear-thinning fluid.The results showed that the 28-day compressive strength of the BH-1 geopolymer was improved by up to 100.8%.Meanwhile,the weight of additives required to produce per unit strength decreased,significantly reducing the mass of materials transported from the Earth for the construction of lunar infrastructure and saving space transportation costs.Microscopic analyses showed that the mechanism to improve the mechanical properties of the BH-1 geopolymer by adding an additional Al source enhances the replacement of silicon atoms by Al atoms in the silicon–oxygen group and generates a more complete and dense amorphous gel structure.展开更多
文摘信息通信技术(information and communications technology,ICT)等的发展使现代地图面临着机遇和挑战:地图趋向数字虚拟空间方向发展,地图学的研究方法、主题与传统地图学大相径庭,地图虚拟空间的理论还有很大的发展空间,同时互联网技术(internet technology,IT)领域的学科跨界迫使地图逐渐发展成为互联网产品的附属物,内忧外患的双重夹击使得地图学亟待完善和更新理论。地图学发展的难题促使学者向其他领域进行探索。计算机游戏通常具有明显的地理意义,"数字+文化"的发展将游戏推向高新技术的前列,游戏地图则是现代ICT技术和地图的合体。以游戏地图的结构为研究对象,以游戏地图的维度、交互性、叙事探索性和文化传播性来探究虚拟空间的特点、本质及对现实物理世界的启示,发掘其对地图理论的扩展,从而完善ICT时代地图学的知识和理论,促进地图学的发展。
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(2018YFB1600100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51978029 and 51622805)Shanghai Pujiang Program.The authors also acknowledge NASA/Lunar and Planetary Institute for permission of the figures in"Lunar sourcebook:a user’s guide to the moon"to be reused in this study。
文摘The construction of a lunar base and habitation on the Moon has always been on researchers’minds.Building materials used in in situ lunar resources are of great significance for saving expensive space freight.In this study,a new type of lunar soil simulant named Beihang(BH)-1 was developed.The chemical mineral composition and microstructure of BH-1 closely resemble those of real lunar soil,as verified by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and reflectance spectra.This research also synthesized a geopolymer based on BH-1 cured at simulated lunar atmospheric conditions.We also investigated the effect of supplementing aluminum(Al)sources on the enhancement of geopolymer strength based on BH-1.The rheological behavior of alkali-activated BH-1 pastes was determined for workability.XRF,XRD,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,SEM coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy,and 27Al magic angle spinningnuclear magnetic resonance were used to characterize resulting geopolymers.Rheological test findings showed that the rheology of BH-1 pastes fits the Herschel–Bulkley model,and they behaved like a shear-thinning fluid.The results showed that the 28-day compressive strength of the BH-1 geopolymer was improved by up to 100.8%.Meanwhile,the weight of additives required to produce per unit strength decreased,significantly reducing the mass of materials transported from the Earth for the construction of lunar infrastructure and saving space transportation costs.Microscopic analyses showed that the mechanism to improve the mechanical properties of the BH-1 geopolymer by adding an additional Al source enhances the replacement of silicon atoms by Al atoms in the silicon–oxygen group and generates a more complete and dense amorphous gel structure.
