Exploring the transition from inter-ictal to ictal epileptiform discharges(IDs) and how GABAAreceptormediated action affects the onset of IDs will enrich our understanding of epileptogenesis and epilepsy treatment.We ...Exploring the transition from inter-ictal to ictal epileptiform discharges(IDs) and how GABAAreceptormediated action affects the onset of IDs will enrich our understanding of epileptogenesis and epilepsy treatment.We used Mg2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ACSF) to induce epileptiform discharges in juvenile mouse hippocampal slices and used a micro-electrode array to record the discharges. After the slices were exposed to Mg2+-free ACSF for 10 min–20 min, synchronous recurrent seizurelike events were recorded across the slices, and each event evolved from inter-ictal epileptiform discharges(IIDs) to pre-ictal epileptiform discharges(PIDs), and then to IDs.During the transition from IIDs to PIDs, the duration of discharges increased and the inter-discharge interval decreased. After adding 3 lmol/L of the GABAAreceptor agonist muscimol, PIDs and IDs disappeared, and IIDs remained. Further, the application of 10 lmol/L muscimol abolished all the epileptiform discharges. When the GABAAreceptor antagonist bicuculline was applied at 10 lmol/L, IIDs and PIDs disappeared, and IDs remained at decreased intervals. These results indicated that there are dynamic changes in the hippocampal network preceding the onset of IDs, and GABAAreceptor activity suppresses the transition from IIDs to IDs in juvenile mouse hippocampus.展开更多
【目的】基于木材天然的多孔性、亲水性以及优良机械性能,将薄木切片作为柔性的支撑材料和载体材料与2种纳米碳材料有机结合,制备一种新型柔性薄木/纳米碳材料复合电极,并对其微观结构与电导性能进行研究,为木材功能化和高附加值化提供...【目的】基于木材天然的多孔性、亲水性以及优良机械性能,将薄木切片作为柔性的支撑材料和载体材料与2种纳米碳材料有机结合,制备一种新型柔性薄木/纳米碳材料复合电极,并对其微观结构与电导性能进行研究,为木材功能化和高附加值化提供一种新的研究方向。【方法】利用物理切片方式得到完整性和柔韧性良好的薄木切片,再将纳米碳材料氧化还原石墨烯(RGO)、羧基化多壁碳纳米管(CMWCNT)逐层沉积到薄木表面,借助冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、四探针电阻率测试仪和电化学工作站等手段研究薄木/纳米碳材料复合电极的微观形貌、化学结构、电导性和电化学性能,重点探索纳米碳材料与薄木切片的附着机制和界面结合机制。【结果】RGO通过非共价π-π堆积在薄木表面形成褶皱状纳米薄膜结构,CMWCNT则呈不规则颗粒状形貌;横切面薄木/纳米碳材料复合电极呈多孔结构,而径、弦切面则为沟壑状结构。薄木沉积纳米碳材料前后表面化学元素无变化,依然为C(284 e V)、O(532 e V)峰,但C/O比例从1.84增加到5.51(RGO)和3.65(CMWCNT)。随着纳米碳材料沉积次数增加,薄木/RGO和薄木/CMWCNT复合电极的附着量和导电率均随之增大,而且在同一沉积次数下,前者的附着量和导电率略大于后者;当沉积次数达到19次时,RGO附着量可达0.68 mg·cm-2,相应的导电率为0.63 S·cm-1;CMWCNT附着量略低于RGO,为0.45 mg·cm-2,相应的导电率为0.50 S·cm-1;导电率与附着量具有良好的线性拟合性。2种柔性薄木/纳米碳材料复合电极在不同弯曲程度下电流基本保持平稳,表明弯曲应力对其电导性能影响很小。【结论】2种纳米碳材料在薄木表面逐层沉积形成纳米层,且与薄木有较强的附着力(氢键作用)。经过纳米碳材料沉积后,薄木表面化学元素C/O比例显著提高,附着量和导电率也随纳米碳�展开更多
Recently, non-invasive, real-time and multi-point measurement of neural activities has become possible by using a multi-electrode array (MEA). Another method for multi-point measurement is the fluorescent imaging tech...Recently, non-invasive, real-time and multi-point measurement of neural activities has become possible by using a multi-electrode array (MEA). Another method for multi-point measurement is the fluorescent imaging technique using voltage indicator dyes or calcium indicator dyes. Especially, calcium imaging using fluorescent calcium indicator dyes is often more useful, because they exhibit larger changes in the fluorescence intensity than voltage indicator dyes and their fluorescence changes can be detect easily. Additionally, calcium signals play key roles in the brain function, such as the long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus, and calcium imaging can be a powerful tool to elucidate the brain function. In this study, we constructed a measurement apparatus combining the MEA system and laser confocal calcium imaging and simultaneously measured electric signals and calcium signals in acute mouse hippocampal slices. The obtained results showed the availability of the present method.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Basic Research Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (13DJ1400303)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Fund for Interdisciplinary Research for Medical Applications (YG2012ZD08)the Seed Fund of Ren Ji Hospital (RJ ZZ13-005)
文摘Exploring the transition from inter-ictal to ictal epileptiform discharges(IDs) and how GABAAreceptormediated action affects the onset of IDs will enrich our understanding of epileptogenesis and epilepsy treatment.We used Mg2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ACSF) to induce epileptiform discharges in juvenile mouse hippocampal slices and used a micro-electrode array to record the discharges. After the slices were exposed to Mg2+-free ACSF for 10 min–20 min, synchronous recurrent seizurelike events were recorded across the slices, and each event evolved from inter-ictal epileptiform discharges(IIDs) to pre-ictal epileptiform discharges(PIDs), and then to IDs.During the transition from IIDs to PIDs, the duration of discharges increased and the inter-discharge interval decreased. After adding 3 lmol/L of the GABAAreceptor agonist muscimol, PIDs and IDs disappeared, and IIDs remained. Further, the application of 10 lmol/L muscimol abolished all the epileptiform discharges. When the GABAAreceptor antagonist bicuculline was applied at 10 lmol/L, IIDs and PIDs disappeared, and IDs remained at decreased intervals. These results indicated that there are dynamic changes in the hippocampal network preceding the onset of IDs, and GABAAreceptor activity suppresses the transition from IIDs to IDs in juvenile mouse hippocampus.
文摘【目的】基于木材天然的多孔性、亲水性以及优良机械性能,将薄木切片作为柔性的支撑材料和载体材料与2种纳米碳材料有机结合,制备一种新型柔性薄木/纳米碳材料复合电极,并对其微观结构与电导性能进行研究,为木材功能化和高附加值化提供一种新的研究方向。【方法】利用物理切片方式得到完整性和柔韧性良好的薄木切片,再将纳米碳材料氧化还原石墨烯(RGO)、羧基化多壁碳纳米管(CMWCNT)逐层沉积到薄木表面,借助冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、四探针电阻率测试仪和电化学工作站等手段研究薄木/纳米碳材料复合电极的微观形貌、化学结构、电导性和电化学性能,重点探索纳米碳材料与薄木切片的附着机制和界面结合机制。【结果】RGO通过非共价π-π堆积在薄木表面形成褶皱状纳米薄膜结构,CMWCNT则呈不规则颗粒状形貌;横切面薄木/纳米碳材料复合电极呈多孔结构,而径、弦切面则为沟壑状结构。薄木沉积纳米碳材料前后表面化学元素无变化,依然为C(284 e V)、O(532 e V)峰,但C/O比例从1.84增加到5.51(RGO)和3.65(CMWCNT)。随着纳米碳材料沉积次数增加,薄木/RGO和薄木/CMWCNT复合电极的附着量和导电率均随之增大,而且在同一沉积次数下,前者的附着量和导电率略大于后者;当沉积次数达到19次时,RGO附着量可达0.68 mg·cm-2,相应的导电率为0.63 S·cm-1;CMWCNT附着量略低于RGO,为0.45 mg·cm-2,相应的导电率为0.50 S·cm-1;导电率与附着量具有良好的线性拟合性。2种柔性薄木/纳米碳材料复合电极在不同弯曲程度下电流基本保持平稳,表明弯曲应力对其电导性能影响很小。【结论】2种纳米碳材料在薄木表面逐层沉积形成纳米层,且与薄木有较强的附着力(氢键作用)。经过纳米碳材料沉积后,薄木表面化学元素C/O比例显著提高,附着量和导电率也随纳米碳�
文摘Recently, non-invasive, real-time and multi-point measurement of neural activities has become possible by using a multi-electrode array (MEA). Another method for multi-point measurement is the fluorescent imaging technique using voltage indicator dyes or calcium indicator dyes. Especially, calcium imaging using fluorescent calcium indicator dyes is often more useful, because they exhibit larger changes in the fluorescence intensity than voltage indicator dyes and their fluorescence changes can be detect easily. Additionally, calcium signals play key roles in the brain function, such as the long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus, and calcium imaging can be a powerful tool to elucidate the brain function. In this study, we constructed a measurement apparatus combining the MEA system and laser confocal calcium imaging and simultaneously measured electric signals and calcium signals in acute mouse hippocampal slices. The obtained results showed the availability of the present method.
