Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is frequently associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.Also frequently associated with metabolic syndrome is type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Therefore,it is common to find OSA and T2DM...Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is frequently associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.Also frequently associated with metabolic syndrome is type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Therefore,it is common to find OSA and T2DM together in individuals with metabolic syndrome.Additionally,both OSA and T2DM have a common pathophysiological link with development of insulin resistance.Individuals with severe insulin resistance are likely to have inadequate glycemic control.Long standing poorly controlled T2DM is associated with debilitating microvascular complications such as retinopathy,nephropathy,neuropathy and macrovascular complications such as coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease.There is extensively published literature exploring the cause-effect relationship between OSA and T2DM.In this article we provide an in-depth review of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms linking OSA to T2DM.Specifically,this review focusses on the effect of OSA on the microvascular complications of T2DM such as retinopathy,nephropathy and neuropathy.Additionally,we review the current literature on the effect of continuous positive airway pressure use in individuals with T2DM and OSA.展开更多
Prevalence of both diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is high among general population.Both of these conditions are associated with significant morbidity.OSA affects approximately 25%of men and 9%of wom...Prevalence of both diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is high among general population.Both of these conditions are associated with significant morbidity.OSA affects approximately 25%of men and 9%of women,and its prevalence is even higher among obese,Hispanics,African American and diabetic patients.Diabetes on the other hand besides having high prevalence in general population has even higher prevalence among ethnic populations as Hispanics and African American.Despite the availability of several simple screening tools for OSA,as Berlin questionnaire,STOP-BANG questionnaire,NAMES Criteria,the utility for screening of OSA among the diabetic population remains marginal.This in turn can lead to significant morbidity and complications related to OSA as well as worsening of diabetes mellitus and increase in diabetic complications due to untreated sleep related breathing disorder.It is therefore imperative for the primary care giver to screen for OSA among the diabetic population as a part of their routine evaluation to prevent worsening of diabetes,and its cardiovascular,renal,ophthalmologic and neurological complications.展开更多
文摘Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is frequently associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.Also frequently associated with metabolic syndrome is type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Therefore,it is common to find OSA and T2DM together in individuals with metabolic syndrome.Additionally,both OSA and T2DM have a common pathophysiological link with development of insulin resistance.Individuals with severe insulin resistance are likely to have inadequate glycemic control.Long standing poorly controlled T2DM is associated with debilitating microvascular complications such as retinopathy,nephropathy,neuropathy and macrovascular complications such as coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease.There is extensively published literature exploring the cause-effect relationship between OSA and T2DM.In this article we provide an in-depth review of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms linking OSA to T2DM.Specifically,this review focusses on the effect of OSA on the microvascular complications of T2DM such as retinopathy,nephropathy and neuropathy.Additionally,we review the current literature on the effect of continuous positive airway pressure use in individuals with T2DM and OSA.
文摘Prevalence of both diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is high among general population.Both of these conditions are associated with significant morbidity.OSA affects approximately 25%of men and 9%of women,and its prevalence is even higher among obese,Hispanics,African American and diabetic patients.Diabetes on the other hand besides having high prevalence in general population has even higher prevalence among ethnic populations as Hispanics and African American.Despite the availability of several simple screening tools for OSA,as Berlin questionnaire,STOP-BANG questionnaire,NAMES Criteria,the utility for screening of OSA among the diabetic population remains marginal.This in turn can lead to significant morbidity and complications related to OSA as well as worsening of diabetes mellitus and increase in diabetic complications due to untreated sleep related breathing disorder.It is therefore imperative for the primary care giver to screen for OSA among the diabetic population as a part of their routine evaluation to prevent worsening of diabetes,and its cardiovascular,renal,ophthalmologic and neurological complications.
