Mogrosides and steroid saponins are tetracyclic triterpenoids found in Siraitia grosvenorii.Squalene synthase(SQS) and cycloartenol synthase(CAS) are key enzymes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis.In this study,...Mogrosides and steroid saponins are tetracyclic triterpenoids found in Siraitia grosvenorii.Squalene synthase(SQS) and cycloartenol synthase(CAS) are key enzymes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis.In this study,full-length cDNAs of SgSQS and SgCAS were cloned by a rapid amplification of cDNA-ends with polymerase chain reaction(RACE-PCR) approach.The SgSQS cDNA has a 1254 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding 417 amino acids,and the SgCAS cDNA contains a 2298 bp ORF encoding 765 amino acids.Bioinformatic analysis showed that the deduced SgSQS protein has two transmembrane regions in the C-terminal.Both SgSQS and SgCAS have significantly higher levels in fruits than in other tissues,suggesting that steroids and mogrosides are competitors for the same precursors in fruits.Combined in silico prediction and subcellular localization,experiments in tobacco indicated that SgSQS was probably in the cytoplasm or on the cytoskeleton,and SgCAS was likely located in the nucleus or cytosol.These results will provide a foundation for further study of SgSQS and SgCAS gene functions in S.grosvenorii,and may facilitate improvements in mogroside content in fruit by regulating gene expression.展开更多
CYP450 plays an essential role in the development and growth of the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii. However, little is known about the SgCYP450-4 gene in S. grosvenorii. Here, based on transcriptome data, a full-lengt...CYP450 plays an essential role in the development and growth of the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii. However, little is known about the SgCYP450-4 gene in S. grosvenorii. Here, based on transcriptome data, a full-length c DNA sequence of SgCYP450-4 was cloned by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and rapid-amplification of c DNA ends(RACE) strategies. SgCYP450-4 is 1677 bp in length(Gen Bank accession No. AEM42985.1) and contains a complete open reading frame(ORF) of 1422 bp. The deduced protein was composed of 473 amino acids, the molecular weight is 54.01 kDa, the theoretical isoelectric point(PI) is 8.8, and the protein was predicted to possess cytochrome P450 domains. SgCYP450-4 gene was highly expressed in root, diploid fruit and fruit treated with hormone and pollination. At 10 days after treatment with pollination and hormones, the expression of SgCYP450-4had the highest level and then decreased over time, which was consistent with the development of fruits of S.Grosvenorii. Hormonal treatment could significantly induce the expression of SgCYP450-4. These results provide a reference for regulation of fruit development and the use of parthenocarpy to generate seedless fruit, and provide a scientific basis for the production of growth regulator application agents.展开更多
In order to provide molecular biological basis for breeding of excellent seedless varieties of Siraitia grosvenorii, the genetic background of 28 female triploid and male diploid individuals of S. grosvenorii was anal...In order to provide molecular biological basis for breeding of excellent seedless varieties of Siraitia grosvenorii, the genetic background of 28 female triploid and male diploid individuals of S. grosvenorii was analyzed by using RAPD molecular markers. The results showed that female triploid and male diploid individuals of S. grosvenorli had abundant genetic background, with great genetic similarity cecfficients and close genetic distance. Overall, the genetic background of female triploid and male diploid individuals of S. grosvenorii exhibited relatively low complexity. Therefore, it is necessary to take corresponding measures for germplasm innovation to enrich the genetic background of seedless parents of S. grosvenorii.展开更多
The traditional technique for asexual propagation of Siraitia grosvenori in vitro is adopted widely by pressing the vine, which has a high risk of carrying viral diseases and limits the production of promoted cultivar...The traditional technique for asexual propagation of Siraitia grosvenori in vitro is adopted widely by pressing the vine, which has a high risk of carrying viral diseases and limits the production of promoted cultivars. So this paper reported in vitro regeneration of S. grosvenori by testing for shoot induction from various explant sources such as leaf, petiole and stem. Several phytohormone combinations of TDZ, BA and IAA were examined for shoot regeneration and NAA or IBA for rooting. The highest shoot induction rate （100% of regeneration frequency and 15.3 shoots per explant） in leaf was obtained by incubation on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L^-1 TDZ, 2.0 mg·L^-1 BA and 0.5 mg·L^-1 IAA; unlike shoot regeneration in leaves, the most efficient bud inductions in petiole and stem explants were initiated on MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L^-1 TDZ, 2.0mg·L^-1 BA and 0.5 mg·L^-1 IAA, in addition, adventitious buds in petiole and stem explants needed to be transformed to MS medium for development; optimal root was obtained when shoots were cultured on 1/2MS medum supplemented with 0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA or 0.5 mg·L^-1 IBA.展开更多
In this paper,the advances in study on triterpenoids in Trichosanthes,Hemsleya,Gynostemma,Actinostemma and Siraitia Merr. plants were reviewed.Terpenoids are the main secondary metabolites of Cucurbitaceae and have ob...In this paper,the advances in study on triterpenoids in Trichosanthes,Hemsleya,Gynostemma,Actinostemma and Siraitia Merr. plants were reviewed.Terpenoids are the main secondary metabolites of Cucurbitaceae and have obvious pharmacological activity. It is noteworthy that in these plants,there are a variety of triterpenoids,which are diverse in structure. Triterpenoid saponins have greater potential for development.展开更多
Long-term artificial sweetener intake is linked to increased risk of obesity. In the present study, supplement of natural sweetener from Siraitia grosvenorii(SG)(or Momordica grosvenorii) fruit, compared with the arti...Long-term artificial sweetener intake is linked to increased risk of obesity. In the present study, supplement of natural sweetener from Siraitia grosvenorii(SG)(or Momordica grosvenorii) fruit, compared with the artificial sweetener aspartame(ASM), was evaluated for anti-obesity effects on mice fed with high fat diet(HFD). We found that, in contrary to ASM, SG extracts prevented body weight gain, the insulin resistance and fat mass accumulation in HFD mice. SG extracts treatment inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory macrophages and lowered the levels of the fat inflammatory cytokines(leptin, macrophage chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)) in adipose tissues. In addition, SG extracts supplement counteracted the remodeling of gut microbiota resulted from HFD. However, ASM supplement aggravated the HFD-induced obese performances, fat inflammation and dysregulation of gut microbiota. Taken together, our results indicate that supplement of SG extracts may represent a promising alternation of artificial sweeteners in preventing metabolic diseases.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to develop prevention and control approaches of diseases and pests of Siraitia grosvenori. [Method] Long-term observation was con- ducted on cultivation methods of Siraitia grosvenori in the ga...[Objective] The aim was to develop prevention and control approaches of diseases and pests of Siraitia grosvenori. [Method] Long-term observation was con- ducted on cultivation methods of Siraitia grosvenori in the gardens in Longjiang Vil- lage of Yongfu County to conclude the prevention methods. [Result] Siraitia grosvenori yield can be reduced by nine diseases, such as root knot nematode dis- ease, and eight pests, such as Brachytrupes portentosus. [Conclusion] It would be effective for prevention of diseases and pests and guarantee quality and yield of Luohan guo to manage the gardens dominated by biological control and supple- mented by pesticide as per crop rotation.展开更多
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to provide reference for scientific introduction and rational production planning of Siraitia grosvenorii.[Methods]Using the Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal...[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to provide reference for scientific introduction and rational production planning of Siraitia grosvenorii.[Methods]Using the Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants(GMPGIS),the ecological factors and suitable producing areas of S.grosvenorii were analyzed.The maximum information entropy model MaxEnt and the GMPGIS analysis method were compared.Verification analysis was performed with cosine similarity and Kappa method.[Results]S.grosvenorii is mainly produced in China.Brazil and Congo(Democratic Republic)are the two countries with the largest potential distribution.Indonesia,Colombia,Peru,the United States,Bolivia,Thailand and Myanmar have great development potential in the introduction and cultivation of S.grosvenorii.In China,S.grosvenorii mainly grows in the coastal provinces dominated by Guangxi,with a tendency of gradually expanding to the north,where the temperature has been rising slowly compared with the original producing area of Guilin.Guangxi is the main producing area.Guangdong,Jiangxi and Hunan are regions with potential wide distribution.Fujian,Yunnan,Sichuan,Guizhou,Zhejiang,Chongqing,Hainan,Hubei and Taiwan,China also have small distributions.Among the 210 largest ecologically similar areas,the average cosine similarity was above 99.9%.[Conclusions]The potential distribution areas predicted by the GMPGIS analysis method have high prediction accuracy.This will provide effective scientific reference for the introduction and standardized cultivation of medicinal plants.展开更多
China has a unique treasure house of medicine food homology plant resources. These resources provide both nutrition and bacterial infection prevention. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the ...China has a unique treasure house of medicine food homology plant resources. These resources provide both nutrition and bacterial infection prevention. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the pursuit of health and food safety continues to grow. Advocating green health and paying attention to new natural food preservatives has become a new consumer trend. Here, we prepared a compound solution by combining ethanol extracts from three medicine food homology plants: Siraitia grosvenorii, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Alpinia oxyphylla. The antimicrobial activities of the compound solution were investigated using five common food spoilage microorganisms as target strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Rhizopus, and Aspergillums niger. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for each target strain, and further examined the effects of various environmental factors on antimicrobial activity. Our results indicate that the compound solution effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus and Rhizopus at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 7.81 mg/mL. It also inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli, and A. niger at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.6 mg/mL. Furthermore, the compound solution was stable under heat, ultraviolet, and light treatments, and was effective in the pH range of 3-5. Adding salt or sucrose to the compound mixture increased the antimicrobial effect synergistically, and added Fe3+ and Fe2+ also enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the compound solution. Therefore, our compound solution could be considered as a natural and effective antibacterial and antiseptic agent for food.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81373914)National Key Technology Support Program(No.2011BAI01B03)Guangxi Natural Science Fundation(Nos.2013GXNSFDA019021 and 2012GXNSFAA053043)
文摘Mogrosides and steroid saponins are tetracyclic triterpenoids found in Siraitia grosvenorii.Squalene synthase(SQS) and cycloartenol synthase(CAS) are key enzymes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis.In this study,full-length cDNAs of SgSQS and SgCAS were cloned by a rapid amplification of cDNA-ends with polymerase chain reaction(RACE-PCR) approach.The SgSQS cDNA has a 1254 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding 417 amino acids,and the SgCAS cDNA contains a 2298 bp ORF encoding 765 amino acids.Bioinformatic analysis showed that the deduced SgSQS protein has two transmembrane regions in the C-terminal.Both SgSQS and SgCAS have significantly higher levels in fruits than in other tissues,suggesting that steroids and mogrosides are competitors for the same precursors in fruits.Combined in silico prediction and subcellular localization,experiments in tobacco indicated that SgSQS was probably in the cytoplasm or on the cytoskeleton,and SgCAS was likely located in the nucleus or cytosol.These results will provide a foundation for further study of SgSQS and SgCAS gene functions in S.grosvenorii,and may facilitate improvements in mogroside content in fruit by regulating gene expression.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81373914,81573521 and31400275)Program for Innovation Research Team(No.IT1306)of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
文摘CYP450 plays an essential role in the development and growth of the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii. However, little is known about the SgCYP450-4 gene in S. grosvenorii. Here, based on transcriptome data, a full-length c DNA sequence of SgCYP450-4 was cloned by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and rapid-amplification of c DNA ends(RACE) strategies. SgCYP450-4 is 1677 bp in length(Gen Bank accession No. AEM42985.1) and contains a complete open reading frame(ORF) of 1422 bp. The deduced protein was composed of 473 amino acids, the molecular weight is 54.01 kDa, the theoretical isoelectric point(PI) is 8.8, and the protein was predicted to possess cytochrome P450 domains. SgCYP450-4 gene was highly expressed in root, diploid fruit and fruit treated with hormone and pollination. At 10 days after treatment with pollination and hormones, the expression of SgCYP450-4had the highest level and then decreased over time, which was consistent with the development of fruits of S.Grosvenorii. Hormonal treatment could significantly induce the expression of SgCYP450-4. These results provide a reference for regulation of fruit development and the use of parthenocarpy to generate seedless fruit, and provide a scientific basis for the production of growth regulator application agents.
基金Supported by National Science&Technology Supporting Program of China(2011BAI01B03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81373914)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2013GXNSFDA019021,2013GXNSFBA019170,2015GXNSFBA139149,2015GX NSFBA139134)
文摘In order to provide molecular biological basis for breeding of excellent seedless varieties of Siraitia grosvenorii, the genetic background of 28 female triploid and male diploid individuals of S. grosvenorii was analyzed by using RAPD molecular markers. The results showed that female triploid and male diploid individuals of S. grosvenorli had abundant genetic background, with great genetic similarity cecfficients and close genetic distance. Overall, the genetic background of female triploid and male diploid individuals of S. grosvenorii exhibited relatively low complexity. Therefore, it is necessary to take corresponding measures for germplasm innovation to enrich the genetic background of seedless parents of S. grosvenorii.
文摘The traditional technique for asexual propagation of Siraitia grosvenori in vitro is adopted widely by pressing the vine, which has a high risk of carrying viral diseases and limits the production of promoted cultivars. So this paper reported in vitro regeneration of S. grosvenori by testing for shoot induction from various explant sources such as leaf, petiole and stem. Several phytohormone combinations of TDZ, BA and IAA were examined for shoot regeneration and NAA or IBA for rooting. The highest shoot induction rate （100% of regeneration frequency and 15.3 shoots per explant） in leaf was obtained by incubation on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L^-1 TDZ, 2.0 mg·L^-1 BA and 0.5 mg·L^-1 IAA; unlike shoot regeneration in leaves, the most efficient bud inductions in petiole and stem explants were initiated on MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L^-1 TDZ, 2.0mg·L^-1 BA and 0.5 mg·L^-1 IAA, in addition, adventitious buds in petiole and stem explants needed to be transformed to MS medium for development; optimal root was obtained when shoots were cultured on 1/2MS medum supplemented with 0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA or 0.5 mg·L^-1 IBA.
文摘In this paper,the advances in study on triterpenoids in Trichosanthes,Hemsleya,Gynostemma,Actinostemma and Siraitia Merr. plants were reviewed.Terpenoids are the main secondary metabolites of Cucurbitaceae and have obvious pharmacological activity. It is noteworthy that in these plants,there are a variety of triterpenoids,which are diverse in structure. Triterpenoid saponins have greater potential for development.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0905600)Tianjin Innovative Team Project(TD13-5087)Shangrao Crucial Research and Development Project(19A005)。
文摘Long-term artificial sweetener intake is linked to increased risk of obesity. In the present study, supplement of natural sweetener from Siraitia grosvenorii(SG)(or Momordica grosvenorii) fruit, compared with the artificial sweetener aspartame(ASM), was evaluated for anti-obesity effects on mice fed with high fat diet(HFD). We found that, in contrary to ASM, SG extracts prevented body weight gain, the insulin resistance and fat mass accumulation in HFD mice. SG extracts treatment inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory macrophages and lowered the levels of the fat inflammatory cytokines(leptin, macrophage chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)) in adipose tissues. In addition, SG extracts supplement counteracted the remodeling of gut microbiota resulted from HFD. However, ASM supplement aggravated the HFD-induced obese performances, fat inflammation and dysregulation of gut microbiota. Taken together, our results indicate that supplement of SG extracts may represent a promising alternation of artificial sweeteners in preventing metabolic diseases.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to develop prevention and control approaches of diseases and pests of Siraitia grosvenori. [Method] Long-term observation was con- ducted on cultivation methods of Siraitia grosvenori in the gardens in Longjiang Vil- lage of Yongfu County to conclude the prevention methods. [Result] Siraitia grosvenori yield can be reduced by nine diseases, such as root knot nematode dis- ease, and eight pests, such as Brachytrupes portentosus. [Conclusion] It would be effective for prevention of diseases and pests and guarantee quality and yield of Luohan guo to manage the gardens dominated by biological control and supple- mented by pesticide as per crop rotation.
基金Key Project of Sichuan Provincial Administration of TCM(2018KF009)Nanchong City School Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Project(18SXHZ0393)First-class Discipline Construction Project of North Sichuan Medical College(CBY19-YLXK04-07).
文摘[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to provide reference for scientific introduction and rational production planning of Siraitia grosvenorii.[Methods]Using the Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants(GMPGIS),the ecological factors and suitable producing areas of S.grosvenorii were analyzed.The maximum information entropy model MaxEnt and the GMPGIS analysis method were compared.Verification analysis was performed with cosine similarity and Kappa method.[Results]S.grosvenorii is mainly produced in China.Brazil and Congo(Democratic Republic)are the two countries with the largest potential distribution.Indonesia,Colombia,Peru,the United States,Bolivia,Thailand and Myanmar have great development potential in the introduction and cultivation of S.grosvenorii.In China,S.grosvenorii mainly grows in the coastal provinces dominated by Guangxi,with a tendency of gradually expanding to the north,where the temperature has been rising slowly compared with the original producing area of Guilin.Guangxi is the main producing area.Guangdong,Jiangxi and Hunan are regions with potential wide distribution.Fujian,Yunnan,Sichuan,Guizhou,Zhejiang,Chongqing,Hainan,Hubei and Taiwan,China also have small distributions.Among the 210 largest ecologically similar areas,the average cosine similarity was above 99.9%.[Conclusions]The potential distribution areas predicted by the GMPGIS analysis method have high prediction accuracy.This will provide effective scientific reference for the introduction and standardized cultivation of medicinal plants.
基金supported by the Graduate Research Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province.[grant number 2013CXLX13_311]Youth Project of Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,China Pharmaceutical University[grant number 2013ZJ13158].
文摘China has a unique treasure house of medicine food homology plant resources. These resources provide both nutrition and bacterial infection prevention. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the pursuit of health and food safety continues to grow. Advocating green health and paying attention to new natural food preservatives has become a new consumer trend. Here, we prepared a compound solution by combining ethanol extracts from three medicine food homology plants: Siraitia grosvenorii, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Alpinia oxyphylla. The antimicrobial activities of the compound solution were investigated using five common food spoilage microorganisms as target strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Rhizopus, and Aspergillums niger. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for each target strain, and further examined the effects of various environmental factors on antimicrobial activity. Our results indicate that the compound solution effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus and Rhizopus at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 7.81 mg/mL. It also inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli, and A. niger at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.6 mg/mL. Furthermore, the compound solution was stable under heat, ultraviolet, and light treatments, and was effective in the pH range of 3-5. Adding salt or sucrose to the compound mixture increased the antimicrobial effect synergistically, and added Fe3+ and Fe2+ also enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the compound solution. Therefore, our compound solution could be considered as a natural and effective antibacterial and antiseptic agent for food.
