以新稻20为材料进行土培试验,设置浅水层灌溉(0 k Pa)、轻度水分胁迫(–20 k Pa)和重度水分胁迫(–40 k Pa)3种灌溉方式及0氮(0N,0 kg hm–2)、中氮(MN,240 kg hm–2)和高氮(HN,360 kg hm–2)3种氮水平,研究不同水氮耦合处理对水稻根长...以新稻20为材料进行土培试验,设置浅水层灌溉(0 k Pa)、轻度水分胁迫(–20 k Pa)和重度水分胁迫(–40 k Pa)3种灌溉方式及0氮(0N,0 kg hm–2)、中氮(MN,240 kg hm–2)和高氮(HN,360 kg hm–2)3种氮水平,研究不同水氮耦合处理对水稻根长、根冠比、根系伤流、根系有机酸含量、根系玉米素及玉米素核苷与籽粒酶活性的影响。结果表明,灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应,轻度水分胁迫增加了主要生育期根长、根系伤流量、根系分泌物中有机酸总量、根系玉米素及玉米素核苷含量,提高籽粒ATP酶、蔗糖合酶及腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性,降低穗分化后水稻根冠比,且与MN耦合后产量最高,为本试验最佳的水氮耦合运筹模式;重度水分胁迫则显著降低主要生育期根长、根系伤流量、根系分泌物中有机酸总量、根系玉米素及玉米素核苷含量,降低籽粒ATP酶、蔗糖合酶及腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性,增加主要生育期根冠比。水稻籽粒产量与主要生育期水稻根长、根系伤流量、根系分泌物中有机酸总量、根系玉米素及玉米素核苷含量均呈显著或极显著的正相关,而穗分化至成熟期根冠比与水稻产量呈负相关;同时水稻根长、根系伤流量、根系分泌物中有机酸总量、根系玉米素及玉米素核苷含量与籽粒ATP酶、蔗糖合酶及腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性呈显著或极显著的正相关。表明通过适宜的肥水调控发挥水氮耦合效应,可以创造良好的根系形态、提高水稻根系代谢能力和籽粒库的生理活性,促进水稻高产。展开更多
With two-line hybrid rice Yangliangyou 6 （YLY6） and Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 （SY63） as materials, the source, sink and flow characteristics in association with grain filling we...With two-line hybrid rice Yangliangyou 6 （YLY6） and Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 （SY63） as materials, the source, sink and flow characteristics in association with grain filling were investigated. The seed-setting rate, grain filling degree and grain yield of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. The export and transformation percentages of the matter in culms and sheaths of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. Activities of sucrose synthase, adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme in grains were higher for YLY6 and SY63 than for LYPJ, and were very significantly correlated with maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, grain filling degree and grain weight. The spikelet number, grain yield and total sink load per area of vascular bundle and phloem of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly smaller than those of LYPJ, and the greater the load, the lower seed-setting rate and the poorer grain filling. The transportation rate per area phloem of YLY6 was greater than that of LYPJ or SY63. The results suggest that YLY6 possesses strong source, great sink activity and efficient flow, which lay a physiological base for its high seed-setting rate and good grain filling.展开更多
文摘以新稻20为材料进行土培试验,设置浅水层灌溉(0 k Pa)、轻度水分胁迫(–20 k Pa)和重度水分胁迫(–40 k Pa)3种灌溉方式及0氮(0N,0 kg hm–2)、中氮(MN,240 kg hm–2)和高氮(HN,360 kg hm–2)3种氮水平,研究不同水氮耦合处理对水稻根长、根冠比、根系伤流、根系有机酸含量、根系玉米素及玉米素核苷与籽粒酶活性的影响。结果表明,灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应,轻度水分胁迫增加了主要生育期根长、根系伤流量、根系分泌物中有机酸总量、根系玉米素及玉米素核苷含量,提高籽粒ATP酶、蔗糖合酶及腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性,降低穗分化后水稻根冠比,且与MN耦合后产量最高,为本试验最佳的水氮耦合运筹模式;重度水分胁迫则显著降低主要生育期根长、根系伤流量、根系分泌物中有机酸总量、根系玉米素及玉米素核苷含量,降低籽粒ATP酶、蔗糖合酶及腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性,增加主要生育期根冠比。水稻籽粒产量与主要生育期水稻根长、根系伤流量、根系分泌物中有机酸总量、根系玉米素及玉米素核苷含量均呈显著或极显著的正相关,而穗分化至成熟期根冠比与水稻产量呈负相关;同时水稻根长、根系伤流量、根系分泌物中有机酸总量、根系玉米素及玉米素核苷含量与籽粒ATP酶、蔗糖合酶及腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性呈显著或极显著的正相关。表明通过适宜的肥水调控发挥水氮耦合效应,可以创造良好的根系形态、提高水稻根系代谢能力和籽粒库的生理活性,促进水稻高产。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270778)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2001BA507A-09-01-03,2004BA520A12-5).
文摘With two-line hybrid rice Yangliangyou 6 （YLY6） and Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 （SY63） as materials, the source, sink and flow characteristics in association with grain filling were investigated. The seed-setting rate, grain filling degree and grain yield of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. The export and transformation percentages of the matter in culms and sheaths of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. Activities of sucrose synthase, adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme in grains were higher for YLY6 and SY63 than for LYPJ, and were very significantly correlated with maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, grain filling degree and grain weight. The spikelet number, grain yield and total sink load per area of vascular bundle and phloem of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly smaller than those of LYPJ, and the greater the load, the lower seed-setting rate and the poorer grain filling. The transportation rate per area phloem of YLY6 was greater than that of LYPJ or SY63. The results suggest that YLY6 possesses strong source, great sink activity and efficient flow, which lay a physiological base for its high seed-setting rate and good grain filling.
