To assess the aquatic ecosystem safety for silica （SiO2） nanoparticles （NPs）, the growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus in logarithm growth phase exposed to SiO2 NPs and SiO...To assess the aquatic ecosystem safety for silica （SiO2） nanoparticles （NPs）, the growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus in logarithm growth phase exposed to SiO2 NPs and SiO2 bulk particles （BPs） suspensions were measured. SiO2 NPs with 10-20 nm diameters were found to be toxic. The 20% effective concentration （EC20） values for 72 and 96 hr were 388.1 and 216.5 mg/L, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll decreased significantly under moderate and high concentration （50, 100, and 200 mg/L） of SiO2 NPs after 96-hr exposure, but the carotenoids did not. SiO2 BPs were found to be nontoxic up to 200 mg/L. The toxicity of SiO2 NPs probablely due to their sorption to algal cells surface. The results imply that there is potential harm to aquatic environment by using SiO2 NPs, and it should deserve special concern.展开更多
DNA delivery is a core technology for gene structure and function research as well as clinical settings. The ability to safely and efficiently targeted transfer foreign DNA into cells is a fundamental goal in biotechn...DNA delivery is a core technology for gene structure and function research as well as clinical settings. The ability to safely and efficiently targeted transfer foreign DNA into cells is a fundamental goal in biotechnology. With the development of nanobiotechnology, nanoparticle gene vectors brought about new hope to reach the goal. In our research, silica nanoparticles (SiNP) were synthesized first in a microemulsion system polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (OP-10)/cyclohexane/ammonium hydroxide, at the same time the effects of SiNP size and its distribution were elucidated by orthogonal analysis; then poly-L-lysine (PLL) was linked on the surface of SiNP by nanoparticle surface energy and electrostatically binding; lastly a novel complex nanomate-rial-poly-L-lysine-silica nanoparticles (PLL-SiNP) wasprepared. The analysis of plasmid DNA binding and DNase I enzymatic degradation discovered that PLL-SiNP could bind DNA, and protect it against enzymatic degradation. Cell transfection showed that展开更多
Advanced bioanalysis,including accurate quantitation,has driven the need to understand biology and medicine at the molecular level.Bioconjugated silica nanoparticles have the potential to address this emerging challen...Advanced bioanalysis,including accurate quantitation,has driven the need to understand biology and medicine at the molecular level.Bioconjugated silica nanoparticles have the potential to address this emerging challenge.Particularly intriguing diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer and infectious disease as well as uses in gene and drug delivery,have also been found for silica nanoparticles.In this review,we describe the synthesis,bioconjugation,and applications of silica nanoparticles in different bioanalysis formats,such as selective tagging,barcoding,and separation of a wide range of biomedically important targets.Overall,we envisage that further development of these nanoparticles will provide a variety of advanced tools for molecular biology,genomics,proteomics and medicine.展开更多
背景与目的纳米二氧化硅广泛应用于社会生产生活中,肺部是吸入暴露纳米二氧化硅的主要靶器官,因此,二氧化硅对肺部的生物毒性作用引起人们的广泛关注。本研究旨在探讨纳米二氧化硅在人支气管上皮细胞内的亚细胞分布和遗传毒性。方法应...背景与目的纳米二氧化硅广泛应用于社会生产生活中,肺部是吸入暴露纳米二氧化硅的主要靶器官,因此,二氧化硅对肺部的生物毒性作用引起人们的广泛关注。本研究旨在探讨纳米二氧化硅在人支气管上皮细胞内的亚细胞分布和遗传毒性。方法应用透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)观察不同粒径二氧化硅在人支气管上皮细胞(immortalized human bronchial epithelium cells,BEAS-2B)内的亚细胞分布;应用单细胞凝胶电泳检测不同粒径二氧化硅处理BEAS-2B细胞24h后的DNA损伤,了解不同粒径二氧化硅的遗传毒性作用。结果透射电镜观察到微米二氧化硅不能进入细胞,纳米二氧化硅赋存在细胞质,纳米二氧化硅导致线粒体、内质网等细胞器损伤。纳米二氧化硅导致比微米二氧化硅更严重的DNA损伤(P<0.05)。结论二氧化硅的粒径决定二氧化硅颗粒物是否能进入细胞及在细胞内的分布,纳米二氧化硅对细胞遗传毒性比微米二氧化硅严重。展开更多
The application of nanotechnology in the oil and gas industry is on the rise as evidenced by the number of researches undertaken in the past few years.The quest to develop more game-changing technologies that can addr...The application of nanotechnology in the oil and gas industry is on the rise as evidenced by the number of researches undertaken in the past few years.The quest to develop more game-changing technologies that can address the challenges currently facing the industry has spurred this growth.Several nanoparticles,of different sizes and at different concentrations,have been used in many investigations.In this work,the scope of the study covered the application of nanotechnology in drilling and hydraulic fracturing fluids,oilwell cementing,enhanced oil recovery(which includes transport study,and foam and emulsion stability),corrosion inhibition,logging operations,formation fines control during production,heavy oil viscosity reduction,hydrocarbon detection,methane release from gas hydrates,and drag reduction in porous media.The observed challenges associated with the use of nanoparticles are their stability in a liquid medium and transportability in reservoir rocks.The addition of viscosifier was implemented by researchers to ensure stability,and also,surface-treated nanoparticles have been used to facilitate stability and transportability.For the purpose of achieving better performance or new application,studies on synergistic effects are suggested for investigation in future nanotechnology research.The resulting technology from the synergistic studies may reinforce the current and future nanotechnology applications in the oil and gas industry,especially for high pressure and high temperature(HPHT)applications.To date,majority of the oil and gas industry nanotechnology publications are reports of laboratory experimental work;therefore,more field trials are recommended for further advancement of nanotechnology in this industry.Usually,nanoparticles are expensive;so,it will be cost beneficial to use the lowest nanoparticles concentration possible while still achieving an acceptable level of a desired performance.Hence,optimization studies are also recommended for examination in future nanotechnology research.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Programs of China (No.2006BAI19B05,2006BAJ02A10)
文摘To assess the aquatic ecosystem safety for silica （SiO2） nanoparticles （NPs）, the growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus in logarithm growth phase exposed to SiO2 NPs and SiO2 bulk particles （BPs） suspensions were measured. SiO2 NPs with 10-20 nm diameters were found to be toxic. The 20% effective concentration （EC20） values for 72 and 96 hr were 388.1 and 216.5 mg/L, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll decreased significantly under moderate and high concentration （50, 100, and 200 mg/L） of SiO2 NPs after 96-hr exposure, but the carotenoids did not. SiO2 BPs were found to be nontoxic up to 200 mg/L. The toxicity of SiO2 NPs probablely due to their sorption to algal cells surface. The results imply that there is potential harm to aquatic environment by using SiO2 NPs, and it should deserve special concern.
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology R&D Project of China (Grant No. 102-10-01-05)the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research of China (Grant No. 1998051008)the Key Program Funds of the Ministry of Education (Grant No. 2000-15
文摘DNA delivery is a core technology for gene structure and function research as well as clinical settings. The ability to safely and efficiently targeted transfer foreign DNA into cells is a fundamental goal in biotechnology. With the development of nanobiotechnology, nanoparticle gene vectors brought about new hope to reach the goal. In our research, silica nanoparticles (SiNP) were synthesized first in a microemulsion system polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (OP-10)/cyclohexane/ammonium hydroxide, at the same time the effects of SiNP size and its distribution were elucidated by orthogonal analysis; then poly-L-lysine (PLL) was linked on the surface of SiNP by nanoparticle surface energy and electrostatically binding; lastly a novel complex nanomate-rial-poly-L-lysine-silica nanoparticles (PLL-SiNP) wasprepared. The analysis of plasmid DNA binding and DNase I enzymatic degradation discovered that PLL-SiNP could bind DNA, and protect it against enzymatic degradation. Cell transfection showed that
基金US NIH grants,NSF NIRT and State of Florida Center of Excellence for nano-biosensors。
文摘Advanced bioanalysis,including accurate quantitation,has driven the need to understand biology and medicine at the molecular level.Bioconjugated silica nanoparticles have the potential to address this emerging challenge.Particularly intriguing diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer and infectious disease as well as uses in gene and drug delivery,have also been found for silica nanoparticles.In this review,we describe the synthesis,bioconjugation,and applications of silica nanoparticles in different bioanalysis formats,such as selective tagging,barcoding,and separation of a wide range of biomedically important targets.Overall,we envisage that further development of these nanoparticles will provide a variety of advanced tools for molecular biology,genomics,proteomics and medicine.
文摘背景与目的纳米二氧化硅广泛应用于社会生产生活中,肺部是吸入暴露纳米二氧化硅的主要靶器官,因此,二氧化硅对肺部的生物毒性作用引起人们的广泛关注。本研究旨在探讨纳米二氧化硅在人支气管上皮细胞内的亚细胞分布和遗传毒性。方法应用透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)观察不同粒径二氧化硅在人支气管上皮细胞(immortalized human bronchial epithelium cells,BEAS-2B)内的亚细胞分布;应用单细胞凝胶电泳检测不同粒径二氧化硅处理BEAS-2B细胞24h后的DNA损伤,了解不同粒径二氧化硅的遗传毒性作用。结果透射电镜观察到微米二氧化硅不能进入细胞,纳米二氧化硅赋存在细胞质,纳米二氧化硅导致线粒体、内质网等细胞器损伤。纳米二氧化硅导致比微米二氧化硅更严重的DNA损伤(P<0.05)。结论二氧化硅的粒径决定二氧化硅颗粒物是否能进入细胞及在细胞内的分布,纳米二氧化硅对细胞遗传毒性比微米二氧化硅严重。
基金The authors express their profound gratitude to the University of Oklahoma for granting the permission to publish this work.
文摘The application of nanotechnology in the oil and gas industry is on the rise as evidenced by the number of researches undertaken in the past few years.The quest to develop more game-changing technologies that can address the challenges currently facing the industry has spurred this growth.Several nanoparticles,of different sizes and at different concentrations,have been used in many investigations.In this work,the scope of the study covered the application of nanotechnology in drilling and hydraulic fracturing fluids,oilwell cementing,enhanced oil recovery(which includes transport study,and foam and emulsion stability),corrosion inhibition,logging operations,formation fines control during production,heavy oil viscosity reduction,hydrocarbon detection,methane release from gas hydrates,and drag reduction in porous media.The observed challenges associated with the use of nanoparticles are their stability in a liquid medium and transportability in reservoir rocks.The addition of viscosifier was implemented by researchers to ensure stability,and also,surface-treated nanoparticles have been used to facilitate stability and transportability.For the purpose of achieving better performance or new application,studies on synergistic effects are suggested for investigation in future nanotechnology research.The resulting technology from the synergistic studies may reinforce the current and future nanotechnology applications in the oil and gas industry,especially for high pressure and high temperature(HPHT)applications.To date,majority of the oil and gas industry nanotechnology publications are reports of laboratory experimental work;therefore,more field trials are recommended for further advancement of nanotechnology in this industry.Usually,nanoparticles are expensive;so,it will be cost beneficial to use the lowest nanoparticles concentration possible while still achieving an acceptable level of a desired performance.Hence,optimization studies are also recommended for examination in future nanotechnology research.
