In the Upper Silesian Coal Basin(USCB),coal seams are exploited under progressively more difficult geological and mining conditions(greater depth,higher horizontal stress,more frequent occurrence of competent rock lay...In the Upper Silesian Coal Basin(USCB),coal seams are exploited under progressively more difficult geological and mining conditions(greater depth,higher horizontal stress,more frequent occurrence of competent rock layers,etc.).Mining depth,dislocations and mining remnants in coal seams are the most important factors responsible for the occurrence of rockburst hazards.Longwall mining next to the mining edges of neighbouring coal seams is particularly disadvantageous.The levels of rockburst hazards are minimised via the use of rockburst prevention methods.One active prevention method is torpedo blasting in roof rocks.Torpedo blastings are performed in order to decrease local stress concentrations in rock masses and to fracture the roof rocks to prevent or minimise the impact of high-energy tremors on excavations.The estimation of the effectiveness of torpedo blasting is particularly important when mining is under difficult geological and mining conditions.Torpedo blasting is the main form of active rockburst prevention in the assigned colliery in the Polish part of the USCB.The effectiveness of blasting can be estimated using the seismic effect method,in which the seismic monitoring data and the mass of explosives are taken into consideration.The seismic effect method was developed in the Czech Republic and is always being used in collieries in the Czech part of the coal basin.Now,this method has been widely adopted for our selected colliery in the Polish part of the coal basin.The effectiveness of torpedo blastings in the faces and galleries of the assigned longwall in coal seam 506 has been estimated.The results show that the effectiveness of torpedo blastings for this longwall was significant in light of the seismic effect method,which corresponds to the in situ observations.The seismic effect method is regularly applied to estimating the blasting effectiveness in the selected colliery.展开更多
This paper include results of petrographical, chemical, fluorescent and pyrolytic examinations of sapropelites of coal beds (Namurian A, B, C) of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland) which have been recently found d...This paper include results of petrographical, chemical, fluorescent and pyrolytic examinations of sapropelites of coal beds (Namurian A, B, C) of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland) which have been recently found during mining. The results obtained allowed to prove the genetic-petrographic differencies, to estimate the rank, degree of alteration of the organic substance. Results of examination have shown that cannel and humic coals were formed of similar organic substances but in different dispositional conditions, which caused mainly changes in petrographic composition and in smaller extent, in chemical and technological properties. Boghead has different properties caused hy different environmental conditions and dissimilar ogranic matter.展开更多
The distribution of selected critical elements in the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous coal-bearing series within the Polish Coal Basins is presented.Critical elements such as Be,Mg,Si,P,Sc,V,Co,Y,Nb,In,Sb,La,Ce...The distribution of selected critical elements in the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous coal-bearing series within the Polish Coal Basins is presented.Critical elements such as Be,Mg,Si,P,Sc,V,Co,Y,Nb,In,Sb,La,Ce,Hf,Ta,W,Bi were analysed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP/MS).Concentrations of elements such as Sb,Bi,In and,to a slightly lesser extent,Nb,as well as Sc,show average concentrations higher than those from the upper continental crust.The average concentrations of elements like Hf,Mg,P,Y,La,and Ce are slightly lower than in the upper continental crust.Other elements,such as Be,Co,Si,Ta,W and V have average concentrations that are similar,but slightly enriched or slightly depleted,relative to the upper continental crust.The research showed enrichment of some critical elements in the analysed samples,but not high enough that extraction would be economically viable.Statistical methods,which include correlation coefficients between elements and cluster analysis,reveal a strong positive correlation between elements like Be,Bi,Nb,Sc,Ta,W and V.Very high,almost total,positive correlation is also noted between La and Ce.展开更多
The aim of this study is geomorphometric relief classification of a temperate latitude upland area in Central Europe.The Silesian Upland represents diversified structural relief which contains a fan-shaped configurati...The aim of this study is geomorphometric relief classification of a temperate latitude upland area in Central Europe.The Silesian Upland represents diversified structural relief which contains a fan-shaped configuration of long thresholds and wide erosion depressions.A 20 m × 20 m digital elevation model(DEM)provided input data for the analysis.The κ-median method was applied to examine morphometric variables of the relief.The aim of these activities was to identify clusters with objects of similar mathematical characteristics.These clusters were the basis of landform classification.Smaller numbers of clusters 4 transparently show hypsometric relationships.Key elements of the morphology of the area were clearly visible.The division into 6 clusters gives the best results-a detailed but clear image of the morphological diversity by distinguishing characteristic landform elements.The results for 8 clusters show significant background noise and are ambiguous,which makes them diflBcult to identify.Our research has confirmed that the κ-median method is a useful tool for landform classifications.We determined optimal parameters of this method(filtering window size,DEM resolution,number of clusters,aspect influence).展开更多
文摘In the Upper Silesian Coal Basin(USCB),coal seams are exploited under progressively more difficult geological and mining conditions(greater depth,higher horizontal stress,more frequent occurrence of competent rock layers,etc.).Mining depth,dislocations and mining remnants in coal seams are the most important factors responsible for the occurrence of rockburst hazards.Longwall mining next to the mining edges of neighbouring coal seams is particularly disadvantageous.The levels of rockburst hazards are minimised via the use of rockburst prevention methods.One active prevention method is torpedo blasting in roof rocks.Torpedo blastings are performed in order to decrease local stress concentrations in rock masses and to fracture the roof rocks to prevent or minimise the impact of high-energy tremors on excavations.The estimation of the effectiveness of torpedo blasting is particularly important when mining is under difficult geological and mining conditions.Torpedo blasting is the main form of active rockburst prevention in the assigned colliery in the Polish part of the USCB.The effectiveness of blasting can be estimated using the seismic effect method,in which the seismic monitoring data and the mass of explosives are taken into consideration.The seismic effect method was developed in the Czech Republic and is always being used in collieries in the Czech part of the coal basin.Now,this method has been widely adopted for our selected colliery in the Polish part of the coal basin.The effectiveness of torpedo blastings in the faces and galleries of the assigned longwall in coal seam 506 has been estimated.The results show that the effectiveness of torpedo blastings for this longwall was significant in light of the seismic effect method,which corresponds to the in situ observations.The seismic effect method is regularly applied to estimating the blasting effectiveness in the selected colliery.
文摘This paper include results of petrographical, chemical, fluorescent and pyrolytic examinations of sapropelites of coal beds (Namurian A, B, C) of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland) which have been recently found during mining. The results obtained allowed to prove the genetic-petrographic differencies, to estimate the rank, degree of alteration of the organic substance. Results of examination have shown that cannel and humic coals were formed of similar organic substances but in different dispositional conditions, which caused mainly changes in petrographic composition and in smaller extent, in chemical and technological properties. Boghead has different properties caused hy different environmental conditions and dissimilar ogranic matter.
文摘The distribution of selected critical elements in the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous coal-bearing series within the Polish Coal Basins is presented.Critical elements such as Be,Mg,Si,P,Sc,V,Co,Y,Nb,In,Sb,La,Ce,Hf,Ta,W,Bi were analysed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP/MS).Concentrations of elements such as Sb,Bi,In and,to a slightly lesser extent,Nb,as well as Sc,show average concentrations higher than those from the upper continental crust.The average concentrations of elements like Hf,Mg,P,Y,La,and Ce are slightly lower than in the upper continental crust.Other elements,such as Be,Co,Si,Ta,W and V have average concentrations that are similar,but slightly enriched or slightly depleted,relative to the upper continental crust.The research showed enrichment of some critical elements in the analysed samples,but not high enough that extraction would be economically viable.Statistical methods,which include correlation coefficients between elements and cluster analysis,reveal a strong positive correlation between elements like Be,Bi,Nb,Sc,Ta,W and V.Very high,almost total,positive correlation is also noted between La and Ce.
文摘The aim of this study is geomorphometric relief classification of a temperate latitude upland area in Central Europe.The Silesian Upland represents diversified structural relief which contains a fan-shaped configuration of long thresholds and wide erosion depressions.A 20 m × 20 m digital elevation model(DEM)provided input data for the analysis.The κ-median method was applied to examine morphometric variables of the relief.The aim of these activities was to identify clusters with objects of similar mathematical characteristics.These clusters were the basis of landform classification.Smaller numbers of clusters 4 transparently show hypsometric relationships.Key elements of the morphology of the area were clearly visible.The division into 6 clusters gives the best results-a detailed but clear image of the morphological diversity by distinguishing characteristic landform elements.The results for 8 clusters show significant background noise and are ambiguous,which makes them diflBcult to identify.Our research has confirmed that the κ-median method is a useful tool for landform classifications.We determined optimal parameters of this method(filtering window size,DEM resolution,number of clusters,aspect influence).
