Background: The prolonged slow expiratory (PSE) technique can induce sigh breaths related to the Hering-Breuer reflex in children.PSE is a specific chest physiotherapy technique often used in children to help with the...Background: The prolonged slow expiratory (PSE) technique can induce sigh breaths related to the Hering-Breuer reflex in children.PSE is a specific chest physiotherapy technique often used in children to help with the clearance of secretions, reduce pulmonary obstruction and decrease ventilatory effort. Purpose: The main objective of this review was to synthesize and clarify the existing knowledge of the physiological mechanism behind the Hering-Breuer reflex and its utility in the PSE technique. The secondary objective was to provide an overview of PSE which is probably the main mechanical feature for mucus clearance in infants and to identify gaps and any further research required. Method: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE, from 1968 to January 2024, using search terms relating to “Interaction of Hering-Breuer reflex and chest physiotherapy therapy, sigh breath in infants and prolonged slow expiration technique” to create an overview of the advances and gaps in current knowledge of PSE. Result: The data obtained following treatment with PSE maneuvers in infants with histories of recurrent wheezing shows that the presence of sighs could be the main active principle of treatment. Conclusion: Changes in volume induced by PSE technique and, effects from crying may stimulate the Hering-Breuer deflation reflex and sighs in turn improving alveolar ventilation as well as lung volume in infants.展开更多
Piano is a type of western musical instrument. Since its creation, people have been deeply attracted by its melodious sound and elegant temperament. In order to express emotions better with the piano, a lot of musicia...Piano is a type of western musical instrument. Since its creation, people have been deeply attracted by its melodious sound and elegant temperament. In order to express emotions better with the piano, a lot of musicians and music amateurs have made joint efforts to create many piano playing skills, wherein harmony is a typical representative. Enjoying high fame in the world, Japanese animation has become one representative culture of this country. Success of Japanese animation is attributed to many factors. Except for real emotional expression as well as abundant and varied styles, the exquisite background music has played a dominant role. Joe Hisaishi is a Japanese pianist and composer enjoying the high reputation. He cooperates with Miyazaki Hayao –a Japanese cartoon master very tacitly. Close relations have been built between them based on the win-win goals. Application of sigh in Joe Hisaishi’s piano works can accurately express ideals and emotions of ？ gures, forming a unique style in his music works. The paper researches harmony application and expression of ideas and emotions in piano works based on application of sigh in Joe Hisa ishi’s works. In order to realize in-depth study, the paper also introduces the cartoonist Miyazaki Hayao who is closely related with Joe Hisaishi. Through combination of them, readers can understand the research more easily.展开更多
The data of warrants underlying stocks was selected for the sample period from August,2005 to December,2009.These data the authors collected did not include the announcement date of reform of non-tradable underlying s...The data of warrants underlying stocks was selected for the sample period from August,2005 to December,2009.These data the authors collected did not include the announcement date of reform of non-tradable underlying shares,and was available from Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges.The event study method is employed to test the magnitude effect based on the Wild bootstrap,which is performed on the abnormal return,the cumulative abnormal return,and the standardized cumulative abnormal return.Empirical results show no evidence of magnitude effect but sign effect after warrants introduction.The authors argue that this phenomenon is caused by the migration of radical agents from stock market to warrant market.展开更多
目的探讨口腔唾液胃蛋白酶检测对咽喉反流患者的诊断价值。方法选取2017年1月至2018年10月陕西省人民医院收治的118例咽喉反流患者为研究对象,其中单纯咽喉炎94例,咽喉占位性病变24例,使用24 h双探头试管pH值监测法、酶联免疫吸附法对...目的探讨口腔唾液胃蛋白酶检测对咽喉反流患者的诊断价值。方法选取2017年1月至2018年10月陕西省人民医院收治的118例咽喉反流患者为研究对象,其中单纯咽喉炎94例,咽喉占位性病变24例,使用24 h双探头试管pH值监测法、酶联免疫吸附法对患者进行检查诊断,记录患者反流症状指数评分表和反流体征指数评分表诊断结果,并采用Kappa检验两种诊断方法一致性,ROC曲线检测口腔唾液胃蛋白酶检测法和24 h双探头试管pH值监测法对咽喉反流的诊断价值。结果反流症状指数评分表和反流体征指数评分表评估的阳性率为56.78%,其中反流症状指数评分表评估阳性率为47.46%,反流体征指数评分表评估阳性率为9.32%;单纯咽喉炎患者Ryan指数阳性率为5.32%,咽喉占位性病变患者Ryan指数阳性率为29.17%,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);单纯咽喉炎患者存在1次及以上pH<6.0反流情况阳性率为50.00%,明显低于咽喉占位性病变患者的70.83%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者症状发作15 min唾液胃蛋白酶阳性率为44.07%,明显高于其余时间段(晨起7.63%,餐后1 h 3.39%,睡前4.24%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);单纯咽喉炎患者唾液胃蛋白酶阳性率为53.19%,明显低于咽喉占位性病变患者的83.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);构建两种检测方法ROC曲线,发现口腔唾液胃蛋白酶检测法诊断咽喉反流ROC曲线下面积分别为症状明显时0.874(0.722,1.000),餐后1 h 0.825(0.669,0.979),晨起0.760(0.601,0.918),大于24 h双探头试管pH值监测法[症状明显时0.736(0.718,1.000),餐后1 h 0.737(0.651,0.935),晨起0.682(0.593,0.829)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论口腔唾液胃蛋白酶检测法较之咽部pH检测法能更好检测诊断咽喉反流疾病,可推广应用。展开更多
文摘Background: The prolonged slow expiratory (PSE) technique can induce sigh breaths related to the Hering-Breuer reflex in children.PSE is a specific chest physiotherapy technique often used in children to help with the clearance of secretions, reduce pulmonary obstruction and decrease ventilatory effort. Purpose: The main objective of this review was to synthesize and clarify the existing knowledge of the physiological mechanism behind the Hering-Breuer reflex and its utility in the PSE technique. The secondary objective was to provide an overview of PSE which is probably the main mechanical feature for mucus clearance in infants and to identify gaps and any further research required. Method: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE, from 1968 to January 2024, using search terms relating to “Interaction of Hering-Breuer reflex and chest physiotherapy therapy, sigh breath in infants and prolonged slow expiration technique” to create an overview of the advances and gaps in current knowledge of PSE. Result: The data obtained following treatment with PSE maneuvers in infants with histories of recurrent wheezing shows that the presence of sighs could be the main active principle of treatment. Conclusion: Changes in volume induced by PSE technique and, effects from crying may stimulate the Hering-Breuer deflation reflex and sighs in turn improving alveolar ventilation as well as lung volume in infants.
文摘Piano is a type of western musical instrument. Since its creation, people have been deeply attracted by its melodious sound and elegant temperament. In order to express emotions better with the piano, a lot of musicians and music amateurs have made joint efforts to create many piano playing skills, wherein harmony is a typical representative. Enjoying high fame in the world, Japanese animation has become one representative culture of this country. Success of Japanese animation is attributed to many factors. Except for real emotional expression as well as abundant and varied styles, the exquisite background music has played a dominant role. Joe Hisaishi is a Japanese pianist and composer enjoying the high reputation. He cooperates with Miyazaki Hayao –a Japanese cartoon master very tacitly. Close relations have been built between them based on the win-win goals. Application of sigh in Joe Hisaishi’s piano works can accurately express ideals and emotions of ？ gures, forming a unique style in his music works. The paper researches harmony application and expression of ideas and emotions in piano works based on application of sigh in Joe Hisa ishi’s works. In order to realize in-depth study, the paper also introduces the cartoonist Miyazaki Hayao who is closely related with Joe Hisaishi. Through combination of them, readers can understand the research more easily.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71101001the National Nature Science Foundation of Chinathe Research Grants Council of Hong Kong under Grant No.70731160635
文摘The data of warrants underlying stocks was selected for the sample period from August,2005 to December,2009.These data the authors collected did not include the announcement date of reform of non-tradable underlying shares,and was available from Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges.The event study method is employed to test the magnitude effect based on the Wild bootstrap,which is performed on the abnormal return,the cumulative abnormal return,and the standardized cumulative abnormal return.Empirical results show no evidence of magnitude effect but sign effect after warrants introduction.The authors argue that this phenomenon is caused by the migration of radical agents from stock market to warrant market.
文摘目的探讨口腔唾液胃蛋白酶检测对咽喉反流患者的诊断价值。方法选取2017年1月至2018年10月陕西省人民医院收治的118例咽喉反流患者为研究对象,其中单纯咽喉炎94例,咽喉占位性病变24例,使用24 h双探头试管pH值监测法、酶联免疫吸附法对患者进行检查诊断,记录患者反流症状指数评分表和反流体征指数评分表诊断结果,并采用Kappa检验两种诊断方法一致性,ROC曲线检测口腔唾液胃蛋白酶检测法和24 h双探头试管pH值监测法对咽喉反流的诊断价值。结果反流症状指数评分表和反流体征指数评分表评估的阳性率为56.78%,其中反流症状指数评分表评估阳性率为47.46%,反流体征指数评分表评估阳性率为9.32%;单纯咽喉炎患者Ryan指数阳性率为5.32%,咽喉占位性病变患者Ryan指数阳性率为29.17%,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);单纯咽喉炎患者存在1次及以上pH<6.0反流情况阳性率为50.00%,明显低于咽喉占位性病变患者的70.83%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者症状发作15 min唾液胃蛋白酶阳性率为44.07%,明显高于其余时间段(晨起7.63%,餐后1 h 3.39%,睡前4.24%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);单纯咽喉炎患者唾液胃蛋白酶阳性率为53.19%,明显低于咽喉占位性病变患者的83.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);构建两种检测方法ROC曲线,发现口腔唾液胃蛋白酶检测法诊断咽喉反流ROC曲线下面积分别为症状明显时0.874(0.722,1.000),餐后1 h 0.825(0.669,0.979),晨起0.760(0.601,0.918),大于24 h双探头试管pH值监测法[症状明显时0.736(0.718,1.000),餐后1 h 0.737(0.651,0.935),晨起0.682(0.593,0.829)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论口腔唾液胃蛋白酶检测法较之咽部pH检测法能更好检测诊断咽喉反流疾病,可推广应用。
