Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area is suffering from atmospheric pollution from a long time. The understanding of the air pollution mechanism is of great importance for officials to design strategies for the environmental g...Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area is suffering from atmospheric pollution from a long time. The understanding of the air pollution mechanism is of great importance for officials to design strategies for the environmental governance. Mixing layer height(MLH) is a key factor influencing the diffusion of air pollutants. It plays an important role on the evolution of heavy pollution events. Light detection and ranging(lidar), is an effective remote-sensing tool, which can retrieve high spatial and temporal evolution process within mixing layer(ML), especially the variation of MLH. There are many methods to retrieve MLH, but each method has its own applicable limitations. The Mie-lidar data in Beijing was firstly used to compare three different algorithms which are widely used under different pollution levels.We find that the multi-layer structure near surface may cause errors in the detection of mixing layer. The MLH retrieved based on image edge detection was better than another two methods especially under heavy polluted episode. Then we applied this method to investigate the evolution of the mixing layer height during a pollution episode in December2016. MLH at Gucheng county showed the positive correlation with the concentration of particulate matters during the start of this pollution episode. The elevated pollution level in Gucheng was not associated with MLH's decrease, and the significantly increased particulate matters raised the boundary layer, which trapped the pollutants near the surface.展开更多
In February 2014, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) area experienced a weeklong episode of heavy haze pollution. Cities such as Beijing(BJ) and Shijiazhuang(SJZ) issued heavy pollution alerts for the first time and took ...In February 2014, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) area experienced a weeklong episode of heavy haze pollution. Cities such as Beijing(BJ) and Shijiazhuang(SJZ) issued heavy pollution alerts for the first time and took emergency control measures. This study employed the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System(NAQPMS) to simulate and analyze the three-dimensional structure of the source contributions of PM2.5 in the BTH area during this pollution episode and quantitatively assessed the effects of the emergency control measures. The results showed that during the polluted period(February 19–26), surface PM2.5 mainly originated from local sources(48%–72%). In the entire BTH area, southern Hebei(SHB) represented the largest internal contribution(33%), while the main external contributions came from Shandong(SD)(10%) and Henan(HN)(4%). Vertically, the local contribution was constrained below the near-ground layer, and rapidly decreased with altitude. The regional transport path from SHB and Shanxi(SX) to BJ appeared at 0.5–1.5 and 1.5–2.5 km, with contributions of 32%–42% and 13%–27%, respectively. The non-local source regions for the BTH area were SD below 1 km and mainly SX and HN above 1 km. Compared to the non-polluted period(February 27–28), the contribution from regional transport increased during the polluted period, indicating the key role of regional transport in the pollution formation. The emergency control measures had a relatively large effect on NOx and SO2 concentrations, but a limited effect on PM2.5. The stronger regional transport during the polluted period may have weakened the effects of the local emergency control measures. These results indicated that a coordinated emission control should be implemented not only over the BTH area but also over its surrounding provinces(e.g. SD, HN).展开更多
2013年中国东部地区多次发生持续的重霾污染事件.为探究其气象条件与重污染事件的关系,本文使用欧洲中心2013年东亚地区的逐日气象数据和北京、天津、石家庄的逐时PM_(2.5)浓度数据以及2013年MICAPS观测数据,分析了重污染事件对应的天...2013年中国东部地区多次发生持续的重霾污染事件.为探究其气象条件与重污染事件的关系,本文使用欧洲中心2013年东亚地区的逐日气象数据和北京、天津、石家庄的逐时PM_(2.5)浓度数据以及2013年MICAPS观测数据,分析了重污染事件对应的天气形势,并使用NAQMPS针对2013年1月的重污染事件进行情景模拟.研究结果表明:(1)北京、天津和石家庄地区PM_(2.5)浓度,夏秋季节日变化不显著,秋冬季节白天低夜间高;3地PM_(2.5)浓度均表现为12—1月浓度最高,7月最低;.(2)500 hPa平直西风气流,850 h Pa弱暖平流,地面处于弱高压后部或高压底部高低空配置下的天气系统,对应着重污染事件的高发期;(3)源强不变的情况下,京津冀地区由弱高压前部控制转为弱高压控制时,地面温度升高0~5°C,相对湿度增加30%~50%,风速下降2~3 m·s^(-1),PM_(2.5)浓度变化可达300μg·m-3.展开更多
应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析2013年山东分别出现雾和霾的两次严重污染过程,结果表明:(1)大气静稳状态时,500 h Pa为脊前西-西北气流,850 h Pa为暖脊,有弱暖平流,地面气压场较弱,易出现逆温、混合层高...应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析2013年山东分别出现雾和霾的两次严重污染过程,结果表明:(1)大气静稳状态时,500 h Pa为脊前西-西北气流,850 h Pa为暖脊,有弱暖平流,地面气压场较弱,易出现逆温、混合层高度低、风速小,导致大气水平和垂直扩散能力差。850 h Pa弱上升和700 h Pa弱下沉,造成高空干洁大气和地面"脏"空气对峙的局面,垂直交换停滞是雾-霾和污染持续的根本原因。(2)强冷空气驱散雾-霾的过程,正是打破了空气垂直交换停滞的状态,使得高空清洁大气能够下沉到地面。空气质量的根本改善由垂直交换完成。(3)弱冷空气伴随的弱下沉运动和锋面附近整层上升运动能够减轻污染。(4)冷锋过后剧烈下降的地面露点温度即是高空干洁大气到达地面的标志。展开更多
An extensive field experiment for measurement of physical and chemical properties of aerosols was conducted at an urban site in the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences（CAMS） in Beijing and at a rural site in ...An extensive field experiment for measurement of physical and chemical properties of aerosols was conducted at an urban site in the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences（CAMS） in Beijing and at a rural site in Gucheng（GC）, Hebei Province in December 2016. This paper compares the number size distribution of submicron particle matter（PM1, diameter 〈 1 μm） between the two sites. The results show that the mean PM1 number concentration at GC was twice that at CAMS, and the mass concentration was three times the amount at CAMS. It is found that the accumulation mode（100–850 nm） particles constituted the largest fraction of PM1 at GC, which was significantly correlated with the local coal combustion, as confirmed by a significant relationship between the accumulation mode and the absorption coefficient of soot particles. The high PM1 concentration at GC prevented the occurrence of new particle formation（NPF） events, while eight such events were observed at CAMS. During the NPF events, the mass fraction of sulfate increased significantly, indicating that sulfate played an important role in NPF. The contribution of regional transport to PM1 mass concentration was approximately 50% at both sites, same as that of the local emission. However, during the red-alert period when emission control took place, the contribution of regional transport was notably higher.展开更多
Subject Code:B07With the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Prof.Wang Gehui(王格慧)at the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary,Institute o...Subject Code:B07With the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Prof.Wang Gehui(王格慧)at the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the researchers from China,USA and other countries have revealed a key role of sulfate in the developing process of Chinese haze,which展开更多
基金supported by grants from National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC0203302, 2018YFC0213100, 2018YFC0213104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41722501, 91544212, 51778596, 41575021)the National High-Resolution Earth Observation Project of China under grant of 05Y20A16-9001-15/17-2
文摘Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area is suffering from atmospheric pollution from a long time. The understanding of the air pollution mechanism is of great importance for officials to design strategies for the environmental governance. Mixing layer height(MLH) is a key factor influencing the diffusion of air pollutants. It plays an important role on the evolution of heavy pollution events. Light detection and ranging(lidar), is an effective remote-sensing tool, which can retrieve high spatial and temporal evolution process within mixing layer(ML), especially the variation of MLH. There are many methods to retrieve MLH, but each method has its own applicable limitations. The Mie-lidar data in Beijing was firstly used to compare three different algorithms which are widely used under different pollution levels.We find that the multi-layer structure near surface may cause errors in the detection of mixing layer. The MLH retrieved based on image edge detection was better than another two methods especially under heavy polluted episode. Then we applied this method to investigate the evolution of the mixing layer height during a pollution episode in December2016. MLH at Gucheng county showed the positive correlation with the concentration of particulate matters during the start of this pollution episode. The elevated pollution level in Gucheng was not associated with MLH's decrease, and the significantly increased particulate matters raised the boundary layer, which trapped the pollutants near the surface.
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB05030200,XDB05030101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41405119,41275138)+2 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program(2014BAC21B02,2014BAC06B03)the Environmental Public Welfare Research Project(201309071,201509014)the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB447900)
文摘In February 2014, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) area experienced a weeklong episode of heavy haze pollution. Cities such as Beijing(BJ) and Shijiazhuang(SJZ) issued heavy pollution alerts for the first time and took emergency control measures. This study employed the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System(NAQPMS) to simulate and analyze the three-dimensional structure of the source contributions of PM2.5 in the BTH area during this pollution episode and quantitatively assessed the effects of the emergency control measures. The results showed that during the polluted period(February 19–26), surface PM2.5 mainly originated from local sources(48%–72%). In the entire BTH area, southern Hebei(SHB) represented the largest internal contribution(33%), while the main external contributions came from Shandong(SD)(10%) and Henan(HN)(4%). Vertically, the local contribution was constrained below the near-ground layer, and rapidly decreased with altitude. The regional transport path from SHB and Shanxi(SX) to BJ appeared at 0.5–1.5 and 1.5–2.5 km, with contributions of 32%–42% and 13%–27%, respectively. The non-local source regions for the BTH area were SD below 1 km and mainly SX and HN above 1 km. Compared to the non-polluted period(February 27–28), the contribution from regional transport increased during the polluted period, indicating the key role of regional transport in the pollution formation. The emergency control measures had a relatively large effect on NOx and SO2 concentrations, but a limited effect on PM2.5. The stronger regional transport during the polluted period may have weakened the effects of the local emergency control measures. These results indicated that a coordinated emission control should be implemented not only over the BTH area but also over its surrounding provinces(e.g. SD, HN).
文摘2013年中国东部地区多次发生持续的重霾污染事件.为探究其气象条件与重污染事件的关系,本文使用欧洲中心2013年东亚地区的逐日气象数据和北京、天津、石家庄的逐时PM_(2.5)浓度数据以及2013年MICAPS观测数据,分析了重污染事件对应的天气形势,并使用NAQMPS针对2013年1月的重污染事件进行情景模拟.研究结果表明:(1)北京、天津和石家庄地区PM_(2.5)浓度,夏秋季节日变化不显著,秋冬季节白天低夜间高;3地PM_(2.5)浓度均表现为12—1月浓度最高,7月最低;.(2)500 hPa平直西风气流,850 h Pa弱暖平流,地面处于弱高压后部或高压底部高低空配置下的天气系统,对应着重污染事件的高发期;(3)源强不变的情况下,京津冀地区由弱高压前部控制转为弱高压控制时,地面温度升高0~5°C,相对湿度增加30%~50%,风速下降2~3 m·s^(-1),PM_(2.5)浓度变化可达300μg·m-3.
文摘应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析2013年山东分别出现雾和霾的两次严重污染过程,结果表明:(1)大气静稳状态时,500 h Pa为脊前西-西北气流,850 h Pa为暖脊,有弱暖平流,地面气压场较弱,易出现逆温、混合层高度低、风速小,导致大气水平和垂直扩散能力差。850 h Pa弱上升和700 h Pa弱下沉,造成高空干洁大气和地面"脏"空气对峙的局面,垂直交换停滞是雾-霾和污染持续的根本原因。(2)强冷空气驱散雾-霾的过程,正是打破了空气垂直交换停滞的状态,使得高空清洁大气能够下沉到地面。空气质量的根本改善由垂直交换完成。(3)弱冷空气伴随的弱下沉运动和锋面附近整层上升运动能够减轻污染。(4)冷锋过后剧烈下降的地面露点温度即是高空干洁大气到达地面的标志。
基金Supported by the National Key Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFC0203306 and 2016YFC0203305)Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Basic Research Fund(2017Z011,2016Z001,and 2016Y004)
文摘An extensive field experiment for measurement of physical and chemical properties of aerosols was conducted at an urban site in the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences（CAMS） in Beijing and at a rural site in Gucheng（GC）, Hebei Province in December 2016. This paper compares the number size distribution of submicron particle matter（PM1, diameter 〈 1 μm） between the two sites. The results show that the mean PM1 number concentration at GC was twice that at CAMS, and the mass concentration was three times the amount at CAMS. It is found that the accumulation mode（100–850 nm） particles constituted the largest fraction of PM1 at GC, which was significantly correlated with the local coal combustion, as confirmed by a significant relationship between the accumulation mode and the absorption coefficient of soot particles. The high PM1 concentration at GC prevented the occurrence of new particle formation（NPF） events, while eight such events were observed at CAMS. During the NPF events, the mass fraction of sulfate increased significantly, indicating that sulfate played an important role in NPF. The contribution of regional transport to PM1 mass concentration was approximately 50% at both sites, same as that of the local emission. However, during the red-alert period when emission control took place, the contribution of regional transport was notably higher.
文摘Subject Code:B07With the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Prof.Wang Gehui(王格慧)at the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the researchers from China,USA and other countries have revealed a key role of sulfate in the developing process of Chinese haze,which
