High carrier recombination loss at the metal and silicon contact regions is one of the dominant factors constraining the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of crystalline silicon(c-Si)solar cells.Metal compound-based car...High carrier recombination loss at the metal and silicon contact regions is one of the dominant factors constraining the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of crystalline silicon(c-Si)solar cells.Metal compound-based carrier-selective contacts are being intensively developed to address this issue.In this work,we present a high-performance electron-selective SiO_(x)/MgO_(x)contact for c-Si solar cells.The SiO_(x)/MgO_(x)stack is prepared by thermally-grown SiO_(x)(∼0.7 nm)and thermally-evaporated MgO_(x)(~1.0 nm).The electron selectivity of SiO_(x)/MgO_(x)contact is investigated by measuring the surface passivation and the contact resistivity(ρ_(c))on the c-Si surface.The results demonstrate that optimized SiO_(x)/MgO_(x)contact displays a very lowρ_(c)(3.4 mΩcm^(2))and a good surface passivation on an n-type c-Si surface simultaneously.A high PCE of 21.1%is achieved on an n-type c-Si solar cell featuring a full-area SiO_(x)/MgO_(x)rear contact.展开更多
In recent years, there has been a pronounced interest in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes （SC-ISEs）, with emphasis on the use of conducting polymers as ion-to-electron transducer. In this work, a ladder conjug...In recent years, there has been a pronounced interest in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes （SC-ISEs）, with emphasis on the use of conducting polymers as ion-to-electron transducer. In this work, a ladder conjugated polymer, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene （LCPT）, was investigated in fabricating Cu2＋-selective electrodes for the first time. The resulting electrodes were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）, chronopotentiometry, and the water layer test. Results proved that the active LCPT facilitates the ion-to-electron transduction, and avoids the detrimental aqueous layer formed at the interface of SC-ISEs.展开更多
A new solid-contact Ag~＋-selective electrode was prepared with 9,10,12,13,24,25-hexahydro-5H,15H,23H-dibenzo [b,q][1,7,10,13,19,4,16]-entathiadiazacyclodocosine-6,16（7H,17H）-dione as ionophore,and cc,a-dihexylsexit...A new solid-contact Ag~＋-selective electrode was prepared with 9,10,12,13,24,25-hexahydro-5H,15H,23H-dibenzo [b,q][1,7,10,13,19,4,16]-entathiadiazacyclodocosine-6,16（7H,17H）-dione as ionophore,and cc,a-dihexylsexithiophene（DH- 6T） ion-to-electron transducer.The sensor exhibited a working concentration range of 10~8 to 10^（-3） mol/L,with a near-Nernstian slope of 55.1±0.2 mV/dec and detection limit of 1.7×10^（-9） mol/L.The fabricated electrodes demonstrated excellent selectivity over the most common monovalent and divalent cations.展开更多
Charge-transporting layers(CTLs)are important in determining the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Recently,there has been considerable use of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)as charge-selective...Charge-transporting layers(CTLs)are important in determining the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Recently,there has been considerable use of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)as charge-selective contacts,especially for hole-selective SAMs in inverted PSCs as well as perovskite involving tandem solar cells.The SAM-based charge-selective contact shows many advantages over traditional thin-film organic/inorganic CTLs,including reduced cost,low optical and electric loss,conformal coating on a rough substrate,simple deposition on a large-area substrate and easy modulation of energy levels,molecular dipoles and surface properties.The incorporation of various hole-selective SAMs has resulted in high-efficiency single junction and tandem solar cells.This topical review summarizes both the advantages and challenges of SAM-based charge-selective contacts,and discusses the potential direction for future studies.展开更多
We developed an apparatus for producing high-density hydrogen plasma. We confirmed that the temperatures of transition-metal films increased to above 800?C within 5 s when they were exposed to hydrogen plasma formed u...We developed an apparatus for producing high-density hydrogen plasma. We confirmed that the temperatures of transition-metal films increased to above 800?C within 5 s when they were exposed to hydrogen plasma formed using the apparatus. We applied this phenomenon to the selective heat treatment of W/Ni films deposited on n+4H-SiC wafers and formed nickel silicide electrodes. To utilize this method, we can perform the nickel silicidation process without heating the other areas such as channel regions and improve the reliability.展开更多
Ag/SnO2,as a promising and environment-friendly electrical contact material,is widely applied in low-voltage apparatus.But the properties of Ag/SnO2 composites is difficult to improve due to the poor distribution phas...Ag/SnO2,as a promising and environment-friendly electrical contact material,is widely applied in low-voltage apparatus.But the properties of Ag/SnO2 composites is difficult to improve due to the poor distribution phases and difficult component design.In this work,the Ag/SnO2 composites are prepared by selective laser melting.To get better performance,Ag/SnO2 composites with different energy density were studied.The microstructure was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope.In addition,reinforced SnO2 phase was characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope.The results indicated that the microstructure,relative density and hardness of are influenced by energy density,while Ag/SnO2 composites with homogeneous microstructure,high relative density,higher hardness and lower electrical resistivity can be obtained by proper energy density(E?68 J/mm^3).展开更多
Nowadays,both n-i-p and p-i-n perovskite solar cells（PSCs） device structures are reported to give high performance with photo conversion efficiencies（PCEs） above 20%.The efficiency of the PSCs is fundementally det...Nowadays,both n-i-p and p-i-n perovskite solar cells（PSCs） device structures are reported to give high performance with photo conversion efficiencies（PCEs） above 20%.The efficiency of the PSCs is fundementally determined by the charge selective contact materials.Hence,by introducing proper contact materials with good charge selectivity,one could potentially reduce interfacial charge recombination as well as increase device performance.In the past few years,copious charge selective contact materials have been proposed.Significant improvements in the corresponding devices were observed and the reported PCEs were close to that of classic Spiro-OMeTAD.This mini-review summarizes the state-of-the-art progress of typical electron/hole selective contact materials for efficient perovskite solar cells and an outlook to their development is made.展开更多
Novel solid-contact perchlorate sensors based on cobalt phthalocyanine-C-monocarboxylic acid (I), and cobalt phthalocyanine-C,C,C,C-tetracarboxylic acid (II) as free ionophores and covalently attached to polyacryla- m...Novel solid-contact perchlorate sensors based on cobalt phthalocyanine-C-monocarboxylic acid (I), and cobalt phthalocyanine-C,C,C,C-tetracarboxylic acid (II) as free ionophores and covalently attached to polyacryla- mide (PAA)—ionophores III and IV, respectively were prepared. The all solid-state sensors were constructed by the application of a thin film of a polymer cocktail containing a phthalocyanine ionophore and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) as a lipophilic cationic additive onto a gold electrode precoated with the conducting polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as an ion and electron transducer. The sensor with 10.3% of ionophore (III) covalently attached to plasticizer-free poly (butyl methacrylate-co-do- decyl methacrylate) (PBDA) exhibited a good selectivity for perchlorate and discriminated many ions, in- cluding F–, Cl–, Br–, I–, SCN–, , S2– and . The covalent attachment of the ionophore to the polymer resulted in a near-Nernstian anionic slope of –62.3 mV/decade whereas a super-Nernstian slope of –79.9 mV/ decade was obtained for the free ionophore. The sensor covered a linear concentration range of 5 × 10–9 - 1 × 10–2 mol?L–1 with a lower detection limit (LDL) of 1 × 10–9 mol?L–1 and gave a stable response over a pH range of 4 - 10.5. The all-solid state sensors were utilized for the selective flow injection potentiometric determination of perchlorate in natural water and human urine samples in the nanomolar concentration range.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62174114)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4200203)+2 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(BE2022036,BE2022027,and BE2022023)the Distinguished Professor Award of Jiangsu Provincethe"Dual Carbon"Science and Technology Project of Suzhou(ST202219)。
文摘High carrier recombination loss at the metal and silicon contact regions is one of the dominant factors constraining the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of crystalline silicon(c-Si)solar cells.Metal compound-based carrier-selective contacts are being intensively developed to address this issue.In this work,we present a high-performance electron-selective SiO_(x)/MgO_(x)contact for c-Si solar cells.The SiO_(x)/MgO_(x)stack is prepared by thermally-grown SiO_(x)(∼0.7 nm)and thermally-evaporated MgO_(x)(~1.0 nm).The electron selectivity of SiO_(x)/MgO_(x)contact is investigated by measuring the surface passivation and the contact resistivity(ρ_(c))on the c-Si surface.The results demonstrate that optimized SiO_(x)/MgO_(x)contact displays a very lowρ_(c)(3.4 mΩcm^(2))and a good surface passivation on an n-type c-Si surface simultaneously.A high PCE of 21.1%is achieved on an n-type c-Si solar cell featuring a full-area SiO_(x)/MgO_(x)rear contact.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21107134)Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-YW-JS208)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.JQ200814)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province
文摘In recent years, there has been a pronounced interest in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes （SC-ISEs）, with emphasis on the use of conducting polymers as ion-to-electron transducer. In this work, a ladder conjugated polymer, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene （LCPT）, was investigated in fabricating Cu2＋-selective electrodes for the first time. The resulting electrodes were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）, chronopotentiometry, and the water layer test. Results proved that the active LCPT facilitates the ion-to-electron transduction, and avoids the detrimental aqueous layer formed at the interface of SC-ISEs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21107134)Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-YW-JS208)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (JQ200814)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province
文摘A new solid-contact Ag~＋-selective electrode was prepared with 9,10,12,13,24,25-hexahydro-5H,15H,23H-dibenzo [b,q][1,7,10,13,19,4,16]-entathiadiazacyclodocosine-6,16（7H,17H）-dione as ionophore,and cc,a-dihexylsexithiophene（DH- 6T） ion-to-electron transducer.The sensor exhibited a working concentration range of 10~8 to 10^（-3） mol/L,with a near-Nernstian slope of 55.1±0.2 mV/dec and detection limit of 1.7×10^（-9） mol/L.The fabricated electrodes demonstrated excellent selectivity over the most common monovalent and divalent cations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22179037)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.Thanks for the financial support of‘Zhang Jiangshu’cultivation program.The authors declare no competing interests.
文摘Charge-transporting layers(CTLs)are important in determining the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Recently,there has been considerable use of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)as charge-selective contacts,especially for hole-selective SAMs in inverted PSCs as well as perovskite involving tandem solar cells.The SAM-based charge-selective contact shows many advantages over traditional thin-film organic/inorganic CTLs,including reduced cost,low optical and electric loss,conformal coating on a rough substrate,simple deposition on a large-area substrate and easy modulation of energy levels,molecular dipoles and surface properties.The incorporation of various hole-selective SAMs has resulted in high-efficiency single junction and tandem solar cells.This topical review summarizes both the advantages and challenges of SAM-based charge-selective contacts,and discusses the potential direction for future studies.
文摘We developed an apparatus for producing high-density hydrogen plasma. We confirmed that the temperatures of transition-metal films increased to above 800?C within 5 s when they were exposed to hydrogen plasma formed using the apparatus. We applied this phenomenon to the selective heat treatment of W/Ni films deposited on n+4H-SiC wafers and formed nickel silicide electrodes. To utilize this method, we can perform the nickel silicidation process without heating the other areas such as channel regions and improve the reliability.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 51775208)the Hubei Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 0216110085)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program “Additive Manufacturing and Laser Manufacturing”(No. 2016YFB1100101)Wuhan Morning Light Plan of Youth Science and Technology (No. 0216110066)the Academic frontier youth team at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
文摘Ag/SnO2,as a promising and environment-friendly electrical contact material,is widely applied in low-voltage apparatus.But the properties of Ag/SnO2 composites is difficult to improve due to the poor distribution phases and difficult component design.In this work,the Ag/SnO2 composites are prepared by selective laser melting.To get better performance,Ag/SnO2 composites with different energy density were studied.The microstructure was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope.In addition,reinforced SnO2 phase was characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope.The results indicated that the microstructure,relative density and hardness of are influenced by energy density,while Ag/SnO2 composites with homogeneous microstructure,high relative density,higher hardness and lower electrical resistivity can be obtained by proper energy density(E?68 J/mm^3).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21404045)the financial support from "Hundred Talents Program" of the Haixi Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.1017001)
文摘Nowadays,both n-i-p and p-i-n perovskite solar cells（PSCs） device structures are reported to give high performance with photo conversion efficiencies（PCEs） above 20%.The efficiency of the PSCs is fundementally determined by the charge selective contact materials.Hence,by introducing proper contact materials with good charge selectivity,one could potentially reduce interfacial charge recombination as well as increase device performance.In the past few years,copious charge selective contact materials have been proposed.Significant improvements in the corresponding devices were observed and the reported PCEs were close to that of classic Spiro-OMeTAD.This mini-review summarizes the state-of-the-art progress of typical electron/hole selective contact materials for efficient perovskite solar cells and an outlook to their development is made.
文摘Novel solid-contact perchlorate sensors based on cobalt phthalocyanine-C-monocarboxylic acid (I), and cobalt phthalocyanine-C,C,C,C-tetracarboxylic acid (II) as free ionophores and covalently attached to polyacryla- mide (PAA)—ionophores III and IV, respectively were prepared. The all solid-state sensors were constructed by the application of a thin film of a polymer cocktail containing a phthalocyanine ionophore and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) as a lipophilic cationic additive onto a gold electrode precoated with the conducting polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as an ion and electron transducer. The sensor with 10.3% of ionophore (III) covalently attached to plasticizer-free poly (butyl methacrylate-co-do- decyl methacrylate) (PBDA) exhibited a good selectivity for perchlorate and discriminated many ions, in- cluding F–, Cl–, Br–, I–, SCN–, , S2– and . The covalent attachment of the ionophore to the polymer resulted in a near-Nernstian anionic slope of –62.3 mV/decade whereas a super-Nernstian slope of –79.9 mV/ decade was obtained for the free ionophore. The sensor covered a linear concentration range of 5 × 10–9 - 1 × 10–2 mol?L–1 with a lower detection limit (LDL) of 1 × 10–9 mol?L–1 and gave a stable response over a pH range of 4 - 10.5. The all-solid state sensors were utilized for the selective flow injection potentiometric determination of perchlorate in natural water and human urine samples in the nanomolar concentration range.
