Since its emergence in 2000, small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE) has assumed a pivotal role as an investigation method for small bowel diseases. The PillCam SB2-ex offers 12 h of battery time, 4 more than the previous...Since its emergence in 2000, small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE) has assumed a pivotal role as an investigation method for small bowel diseases. The PillCam SB2-ex offers 12 h of battery time, 4 more than the previous version(SB2). Rahman et al recently found that the PillCam SB2-ex has a significantly increased completion rate, although without higher diagnostic yield, compared with the SB2. We would like to discuss these somewhat surprising results and the new potentialities of the PillCam SB3 regarding the diagnostic yield of small bowel studies. PillCam SB3 offers improved image resolution and faster adaptable frame rate over previous versions of SBCE. We recently compared the major duodenal papilla detection rate obtained with PillCam SB3 and SB2 as a surrogate indicator of diagnostic yield in the proximal small bowel. The PillCam SB3 had a significantly higher major duodenal papilla detection rate than the PillCam SB2(42.7% vs 24%, P = 0.015). Thus, the most recent version of the PillCam capsule, SB3, may increase diagnostic yield, particularly in the proximal segments of the small bowel.展开更多
BACKGROUND Capsule endoscopy(CE) allows for a non-invasive small bowel evaluation for a wide range of gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms and diseases. Capsule technology has been rapidly advancing over recent years, often ...BACKGROUND Capsule endoscopy(CE) allows for a non-invasive small bowel evaluation for a wide range of gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms and diseases. Capsule technology has been rapidly advancing over recent years, often improving image frequency and quality. The Pillcam~? SB3(SB3) capsule is one such technology that offers an adaptive frame rate advantage over the previous versions of the capsule the Pillcam~? SB2(SB2). Some have proposed that this improvement in capsule technology may lead to increased diagnostic yields; however, real world clinical data is currently lacking.AIM To evaluate the clinically relevant findings of SB3 and SB2 capsules in a population of United States veterans.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 260 consecutive CE studies was performed including130 SB3 and 130 SB2 capsule studies. Recorded variables included: age, gender,type of capsule, body mass index, exam completion, inpatient status, opioid use,diabetes, quality of preparation, gastric transit time, small bowel transit time,indication, finding, and if the exam resulted in a change in clinical management.The primary outcome measured was the detection of clinically relevant findings between SB3 and SB2 capsules.RESULTS Mean age of the study population was 67.1 ± 10.4 years and 94.2% of patients were male. Of these 28.1% were on opioid users. The most common indications for capsule procedure were occult GI bleeding(74.6%) and overt GI bleeding(14.6%). Rates of incomplete exam were similar between SB3 and SB2 groups(16.9% vs 9.2%, P = 0.066). The overall rate of clinically relevant finding was48.9% in our study. No significant difference was observed in SB3 vs SB2 capsules for clinically relevant findings(46.2% vs 51.5%, P = 0.385) or change in clinical management(40.8% vs 50.0%, P = 0.135).CONCLUSION Our study found no significant difference in clinically relevant findings between SB3 and SB2 capsules.展开更多
YPO4 phosphors single-doped with Sb3+ or Gd3+ and co-doped with Sb3+ and Gd3+were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The phase purity, morphology, photoluminescence excitation and emission properties of the pr...YPO4 phosphors single-doped with Sb3+ or Gd3+ and co-doped with Sb3+ and Gd3+were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The phase purity, morphology, photoluminescence excitation and emission properties of the prepared phosphors were inves-tigated. The results showed that Sb3+ could sensitize Gd3+ in the co-doped phosphors which made the phosphors excitable by short-wave ultraviolet (UV) at a wavelength between 220 and 260 nm. Under 253.7 nm excitation, the co-doped phosphors Y1–x–yPO4: Sb3+x,Gd3+yshowed strong emission of Gd3+ at a wavelength of 312 nm whose intensity changed with the doping concentrations of Gd3+ and Sb3+. The optimized Y0.77PO4:Sb3+0.07,Gd3+0.16 phosphor showed an intensity comparable to commercial LaPO4:Ce phosphor (UVB-315), making it a potential candidate for mercury low-pressure discharge narrow-band UV-B emitting lamps.展开更多
The phase formation and thermoelectric(TE)properties in the central region of the Zn−Sb phase diagram were analyzed through synthesizing a series of Zn_(1+x)Sb(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.25,0.3)materials by reacting Zn and S...The phase formation and thermoelectric(TE)properties in the central region of the Zn−Sb phase diagram were analyzed through synthesizing a series of Zn_(1+x)Sb(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.25,0.3)materials by reacting Zn and Sb powders below the solidus line of the Zn−Sb binary phase diagram followed by furnace cooling.In this process,the nonstoichiometric powder blend crystallized in a combination of ZnSb andβ-Zn4Sb3 phases.Then,the materials were ground and hot pressed to form dense ZnSb/β-Zn4Sb3 composites.No traces of Sb and Zn elements or other phases were revealed by X-ray diffraction,high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses.The thermoelectric properties of all materials could be rationalized as a combination of the thermoelectric behavior of ZnSb andβ-Zn4Sb3 phases,which were dominated by the main phase in each sample.Zn1.3Sb composite exhibited the best thermoelectric performance.It was also found that Ge doping substantially increased the Seebeck coefficient of Zn1.3Sb and led to significantly higher power factor,up to 1.51 mW·m−1·K−2 at 540 K.Overall,an exceptional and stable TE figure of merit(ZT)of 1.17 at 650 K was obtained for Zn1.28Ge0.02Sb.展开更多
文摘Since its emergence in 2000, small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE) has assumed a pivotal role as an investigation method for small bowel diseases. The PillCam SB2-ex offers 12 h of battery time, 4 more than the previous version(SB2). Rahman et al recently found that the PillCam SB2-ex has a significantly increased completion rate, although without higher diagnostic yield, compared with the SB2. We would like to discuss these somewhat surprising results and the new potentialities of the PillCam SB3 regarding the diagnostic yield of small bowel studies. PillCam SB3 offers improved image resolution and faster adaptable frame rate over previous versions of SBCE. We recently compared the major duodenal papilla detection rate obtained with PillCam SB3 and SB2 as a surrogate indicator of diagnostic yield in the proximal small bowel. The PillCam SB3 had a significantly higher major duodenal papilla detection rate than the PillCam SB2(42.7% vs 24%, P = 0.015). Thus, the most recent version of the PillCam capsule, SB3, may increase diagnostic yield, particularly in the proximal segments of the small bowel.
文摘BACKGROUND Capsule endoscopy(CE) allows for a non-invasive small bowel evaluation for a wide range of gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms and diseases. Capsule technology has been rapidly advancing over recent years, often improving image frequency and quality. The Pillcam~? SB3(SB3) capsule is one such technology that offers an adaptive frame rate advantage over the previous versions of the capsule the Pillcam~? SB2(SB2). Some have proposed that this improvement in capsule technology may lead to increased diagnostic yields; however, real world clinical data is currently lacking.AIM To evaluate the clinically relevant findings of SB3 and SB2 capsules in a population of United States veterans.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 260 consecutive CE studies was performed including130 SB3 and 130 SB2 capsule studies. Recorded variables included: age, gender,type of capsule, body mass index, exam completion, inpatient status, opioid use,diabetes, quality of preparation, gastric transit time, small bowel transit time,indication, finding, and if the exam resulted in a change in clinical management.The primary outcome measured was the detection of clinically relevant findings between SB3 and SB2 capsules.RESULTS Mean age of the study population was 67.1 ± 10.4 years and 94.2% of patients were male. Of these 28.1% were on opioid users. The most common indications for capsule procedure were occult GI bleeding(74.6%) and overt GI bleeding(14.6%). Rates of incomplete exam were similar between SB3 and SB2 groups(16.9% vs 9.2%, P = 0.066). The overall rate of clinically relevant finding was48.9% in our study. No significant difference was observed in SB3 vs SB2 capsules for clinically relevant findings(46.2% vs 51.5%, P = 0.385) or change in clinical management(40.8% vs 50.0%, P = 0.135).CONCLUSION Our study found no significant difference in clinically relevant findings between SB3 and SB2 capsules.
文摘YPO4 phosphors single-doped with Sb3+ or Gd3+ and co-doped with Sb3+ and Gd3+were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The phase purity, morphology, photoluminescence excitation and emission properties of the prepared phosphors were inves-tigated. The results showed that Sb3+ could sensitize Gd3+ in the co-doped phosphors which made the phosphors excitable by short-wave ultraviolet (UV) at a wavelength between 220 and 260 nm. Under 253.7 nm excitation, the co-doped phosphors Y1–x–yPO4: Sb3+x,Gd3+yshowed strong emission of Gd3+ at a wavelength of 312 nm whose intensity changed with the doping concentrations of Gd3+ and Sb3+. The optimized Y0.77PO4:Sb3+0.07,Gd3+0.16 phosphor showed an intensity comparable to commercial LaPO4:Ce phosphor (UVB-315), making it a potential candidate for mercury low-pressure discharge narrow-band UV-B emitting lamps.
文摘The phase formation and thermoelectric(TE)properties in the central region of the Zn−Sb phase diagram were analyzed through synthesizing a series of Zn_(1+x)Sb(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.25,0.3)materials by reacting Zn and Sb powders below the solidus line of the Zn−Sb binary phase diagram followed by furnace cooling.In this process,the nonstoichiometric powder blend crystallized in a combination of ZnSb andβ-Zn4Sb3 phases.Then,the materials were ground and hot pressed to form dense ZnSb/β-Zn4Sb3 composites.No traces of Sb and Zn elements or other phases were revealed by X-ray diffraction,high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses.The thermoelectric properties of all materials could be rationalized as a combination of the thermoelectric behavior of ZnSb andβ-Zn4Sb3 phases,which were dominated by the main phase in each sample.Zn1.3Sb composite exhibited the best thermoelectric performance.It was also found that Ge doping substantially increased the Seebeck coefficient of Zn1.3Sb and led to significantly higher power factor,up to 1.51 mW·m−1·K−2 at 540 K.Overall,an exceptional and stable TE figure of merit(ZT)of 1.17 at 650 K was obtained for Zn1.28Ge0.02Sb.
