Antimony(Sb)is an intriguing anode material for Li-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to its high theoretical capacity of 660 m Ah·g^(-1)and appropriate working potential of~0.8 V(vs.Li^(+)/Li).However,just like all alloyi...Antimony(Sb)is an intriguing anode material for Li-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to its high theoretical capacity of 660 m Ah·g^(-1)and appropriate working potential of~0.8 V(vs.Li^(+)/Li).However,just like all alloying materials,the Sb anode suffers from huge volume expansion(230%)during repeated insertion/extraction of Li+ions,resulting in structural deterioration and rapid capacity decay.In this work,a novel amorphous Sb/C composite with atomically dispersed Sb particles in carbon matrix is prepared via a straightforward high-energy ball milling approach.The intimate intermixing of amorphous Sb with C provides homogeneous element distribution and isotropic volume expansion during cycling,resulting in persistent structural stability.Meanwhile,the disordered structure of amorphous material shortens the diffusion distance of lithium ions/electrons,promoting fast reaction kinetics and rate capability.Benefiting from the aforementioned effects,the amorphous Sb/C exhibits a high reversible capacity of537.4 m Ah·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)and retains 201.0 m Ah·g^(-1)at an ultrahigh current rate of 10.0 A·g^(-1).Even after 1500deep cycles at 2.0 A·g^(-1),the amorphous Sb/C electrode still maintains 86.3%of its initial capacity,which outperforms all existing Sb-based anodes reported so far.Postmortem analysis further reveals a greatly reduced volume variation of merely 34.6%for the amorphous Sb/C electrode,much lower than that of 223.1%for crystalline Sb materials.This study presents a new approach to stabilizing Sb-based alloy anodes and contributes to the construction of high-performance amorphous anode materials for LIBs,enabling advanced energy storage.展开更多
A solid iron base alloy of the so-called furnace residue is often formed as a by-product in reduction smelting of lead sinter and scraps with high contents of arsenic and antimony. The use of phase separation into a l...A solid iron base alloy of the so-called furnace residue is often formed as a by-product in reduction smelting of lead sinter and scraps with high contents of arsenic and antimony. The use of phase separation into a liquid iron-rich alloy and a liquid lead-rich alloy in lead-iron-arsenic and lead-iron-antimony systems saturated with carbon at relatively low temperatures of about 1200~C was proposed in a new process for treating the fumace residue to recover valuable elements into the lead-rich alloy and fLx toxic arsenic into the iron-rich alloy. As a fundamental study for the proposed process, the activity coefficients and interaction parameters of the Fe-As and Fe-Sb systems saturated with carbon at 1200℃ were derived in this study, based on the determined phase relations in the Fe-Pb-As and Fe-Pb-Sb systems saturated with carbon.展开更多
Sb-based materials with high specific capacity have targeted as an alternative anode material for alkali metal ion batteries.Herein,Sb nanoparticles embedded in hollow porous N-doped carbon nanotubes(Sb@N-C nanotubes)...Sb-based materials with high specific capacity have targeted as an alternative anode material for alkali metal ion batteries.Herein,Sb nanoparticles embedded in hollow porous N-doped carbon nanotubes(Sb@N-C nanotubes)are used as freestanding anode for Li-ion batteries(LIBs)and K-ion batteries(PIBs).The Sb@N-C nanotubes demonstrate exceptional reversible capacity of643 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)with long cycle stability,as well as outstanding rate performance(219.6 mAh·g^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1))in LIBs.As the anode material of PIBs,they reveal impressive capacity of 325.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1).The superior electrochemical properties mainly originate from the novel structure.To be specific,the obtained 3D connected network allows for quick ion and electron migration,and prevents the aggregation of Sb nanoparticles.The hollow porous nanotubes can not only accommodate the volume expansion of Sb nanoparticles during cycling,but also facilitate the infiltration of the electrolyte and reduce the ion diffusion length.This work provides a new insight for designing advanced Sb-based anodes for alkali metal ion batteries.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22279093 and 22075216)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2022CFB096)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central University(Nos.2042022gf0005 and 2042021kf0194)。
文摘Antimony(Sb)is an intriguing anode material for Li-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to its high theoretical capacity of 660 m Ah·g^(-1)and appropriate working potential of~0.8 V(vs.Li^(+)/Li).However,just like all alloying materials,the Sb anode suffers from huge volume expansion(230%)during repeated insertion/extraction of Li+ions,resulting in structural deterioration and rapid capacity decay.In this work,a novel amorphous Sb/C composite with atomically dispersed Sb particles in carbon matrix is prepared via a straightforward high-energy ball milling approach.The intimate intermixing of amorphous Sb with C provides homogeneous element distribution and isotropic volume expansion during cycling,resulting in persistent structural stability.Meanwhile,the disordered structure of amorphous material shortens the diffusion distance of lithium ions/electrons,promoting fast reaction kinetics and rate capability.Benefiting from the aforementioned effects,the amorphous Sb/C exhibits a high reversible capacity of537.4 m Ah·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)and retains 201.0 m Ah·g^(-1)at an ultrahigh current rate of 10.0 A·g^(-1).Even after 1500deep cycles at 2.0 A·g^(-1),the amorphous Sb/C electrode still maintains 86.3%of its initial capacity,which outperforms all existing Sb-based anodes reported so far.Postmortem analysis further reveals a greatly reduced volume variation of merely 34.6%for the amorphous Sb/C electrode,much lower than that of 223.1%for crystalline Sb materials.This study presents a new approach to stabilizing Sb-based alloy anodes and contributes to the construction of high-performance amorphous anode materials for LIBs,enabling advanced energy storage.
文摘A solid iron base alloy of the so-called furnace residue is often formed as a by-product in reduction smelting of lead sinter and scraps with high contents of arsenic and antimony. The use of phase separation into a liquid iron-rich alloy and a liquid lead-rich alloy in lead-iron-arsenic and lead-iron-antimony systems saturated with carbon at relatively low temperatures of about 1200~C was proposed in a new process for treating the fumace residue to recover valuable elements into the lead-rich alloy and fLx toxic arsenic into the iron-rich alloy. As a fundamental study for the proposed process, the activity coefficients and interaction parameters of the Fe-As and Fe-Sb systems saturated with carbon at 1200℃ were derived in this study, based on the determined phase relations in the Fe-Pb-As and Fe-Pb-Sb systems saturated with carbon.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFB2205005)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2020 JO1050)。
文摘Sb-based materials with high specific capacity have targeted as an alternative anode material for alkali metal ion batteries.Herein,Sb nanoparticles embedded in hollow porous N-doped carbon nanotubes(Sb@N-C nanotubes)are used as freestanding anode for Li-ion batteries(LIBs)and K-ion batteries(PIBs).The Sb@N-C nanotubes demonstrate exceptional reversible capacity of643 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)with long cycle stability,as well as outstanding rate performance(219.6 mAh·g^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1))in LIBs.As the anode material of PIBs,they reveal impressive capacity of 325.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1).The superior electrochemical properties mainly originate from the novel structure.To be specific,the obtained 3D connected network allows for quick ion and electron migration,and prevents the aggregation of Sb nanoparticles.The hollow porous nanotubes can not only accommodate the volume expansion of Sb nanoparticles during cycling,but also facilitate the infiltration of the electrolyte and reduce the ion diffusion length.This work provides a new insight for designing advanced Sb-based anodes for alkali metal ion batteries.
