目的:了解上海市0~6岁儿童免疫规划疫苗延迟接种发生情况,并评价疫苗补种的安全性。方法:采用分层随机抽样方式,选取上海市徐汇区6个预防接种门诊,通过上海市免疫规划信息管理系统采集这6个接种门诊2019—2021年0~6岁儿童免疫规划疫苗...目的:了解上海市0~6岁儿童免疫规划疫苗延迟接种发生情况,并评价疫苗补种的安全性。方法:采用分层随机抽样方式,选取上海市徐汇区6个预防接种门诊,通过上海市免疫规划信息管理系统采集这6个接种门诊2019—2021年0~6岁儿童免疫规划疫苗的接种记录,并通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)监测模块收集上述6个接种门诊同期AEFI个案,进行描述流行病学分析。按照受种者是否出现延迟接种(0~12月龄儿童超出免疫规划疫苗接种月龄≥1个月;1岁以上儿童超出接种月龄≥3个月)分为及时接种和疫苗补种两组,比较两组接种方式的安全性。进一步分层比较单独接种、同时接种、常规免疫接种和替代联苗接种四种接种方式的安全性。采用χ^(2)检验比较不同组之间的差异。结果:2019—2021年上海市徐汇区6个接种门诊共接种124031剂次0~6岁免疫规划疫苗,延迟接种剂次占25.99%(32234/124031)。2020年上海市因新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情启动重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应期间延迟接种率高于2019年同期(34.70%vs.24.19%,χ^(2)=136.23,P<0.05),2021年新冠肺炎疫苗群体接种活动期间延迟接种率高于2019年(25.27%vs.22.55%,χ^(2)=82.80,P<0.05)。2019—2021年期间,6个接种门诊共监测到AEFI个案475例,AEFI报告发生率为382.97/10万剂次,其中一般反应421例(88.63%,339.43/10万剂次)、异常反应51例(10.74%,41.12/10万剂次)、偶合症3例(0.63%,2.42/10万剂次)。疫苗补种AEFI报告发生率低于及时接种(291.62/10万剂次vs.415.05/10万剂次,χ^(2)=9.53,P<0.05)。采用单独接种、2种及以上疫苗同时接种、常规免疫接种和替代联苗接种四种方式进行补种监测到的AEFI报告发生率均低于及时接种,除常规免疫接种组外其余各组间相比差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.82,P<0.05;χ^(2)=5.46,P<0.05;χ^展开更多
The safety and immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines in people living with HIV(PLWH)in real-world studies remain controversial.Thus,we conducted a comprehensive systemat...The safety and immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines in people living with HIV(PLWH)in real-world studies remain controversial.Thus,we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to address this issue.Data search were conducted from PubMed,Web of Science and EMBASE.Adverse events following vaccination,the risk ratio(RR)of SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG seroconversion and the level of anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were compared between the PLWH group and a healthy control group.A total of 10,582 PLWH from 22 studies were included.In our analysis,the incidence of local or systemic adverse events after the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose was not statistically different between PLWH and healthy controls.However,there was a statistical difference after the second dose(RR,0.83;95%CI,0.71–0.98).The seroconversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgGantibodies in PLWH was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group(RR,0.94;95%CI,0.89–0.98;I2=80%,P<0.01).The anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in PLWH after full immunization were also significantly lower than those in the healthy control group(RR,0.91;95%CI,0.85–0.98;I2=81%,P<0.01).The safety and tolerance of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWHare acceptable.However,their immunogenicitymay be impaired to a certain extent,characterized by a lower IgGseroconversion rate and neutralizing antibody titers compared with healthy individuals.These findings should provide guidance for optimizing future COVID-19 vaccination strategies among PLWH.展开更多
Influenza burden: Influenza imposes a major burden on people and public health systems, causing millions of severe cases and up to one million deaths annually. Much of this burden is borne by those aged 65 or over, ch...Influenza burden: Influenza imposes a major burden on people and public health systems, causing millions of severe cases and up to one million deaths annually. Much of this burden is borne by those aged 65 or over, children under 2 years of age and people with non-communicable chronic diseases, such as heart and lung conditions and diabetes. In the elderly, influenza can have longer-term effects beyond acute infection, with some facing increased disability and care requirements. Prevention: Taking into account the growing elderly population worldwide and their susceptibility to non-communicable conditions as well as rising healthcare costs, public health policies are increasingly focusing on disease prevention strategies and promotion of healthy ageing initiatives. Influenza vaccination has an important role to play in these approaches. Immunization of high-risk groups is recommended by public health organizations, both internationally and locally within many countries. However, although vaccines are considered the most effective method for preventing influenza, many high-risk people remain unvaccinated. Improving vaccination rates: In recent years, research has focused on increasing vaccine coverage. The results demonstrate the key role healthcare professionals play in encouraging immunization, alongside factors such as communication, education and financial support for vaccination. Paradoxically, although vaccination recommendations often include healthcare professionals and studies demonstrate the potential protection offered to workers and patients, many remain unvaccinated. As a result, a growing number of organizations, particularly in North America, are implementing policies requiring vaccination of healthcare pro fessionals as a patient safety measure. In summary: Influenza vaccination has a key role to play in helping to protect the health of the growing elderly population, reduce the burden associated with non-communicable diseases and decrease the annual toll on public health. Improving vaccination lev展开更多
文摘目的:了解上海市0~6岁儿童免疫规划疫苗延迟接种发生情况,并评价疫苗补种的安全性。方法:采用分层随机抽样方式,选取上海市徐汇区6个预防接种门诊,通过上海市免疫规划信息管理系统采集这6个接种门诊2019—2021年0~6岁儿童免疫规划疫苗的接种记录,并通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)监测模块收集上述6个接种门诊同期AEFI个案,进行描述流行病学分析。按照受种者是否出现延迟接种(0~12月龄儿童超出免疫规划疫苗接种月龄≥1个月;1岁以上儿童超出接种月龄≥3个月)分为及时接种和疫苗补种两组,比较两组接种方式的安全性。进一步分层比较单独接种、同时接种、常规免疫接种和替代联苗接种四种接种方式的安全性。采用χ^(2)检验比较不同组之间的差异。结果:2019—2021年上海市徐汇区6个接种门诊共接种124031剂次0~6岁免疫规划疫苗,延迟接种剂次占25.99%(32234/124031)。2020年上海市因新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情启动重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应期间延迟接种率高于2019年同期(34.70%vs.24.19%,χ^(2)=136.23,P<0.05),2021年新冠肺炎疫苗群体接种活动期间延迟接种率高于2019年(25.27%vs.22.55%,χ^(2)=82.80,P<0.05)。2019—2021年期间,6个接种门诊共监测到AEFI个案475例,AEFI报告发生率为382.97/10万剂次,其中一般反应421例(88.63%,339.43/10万剂次)、异常反应51例(10.74%,41.12/10万剂次)、偶合症3例(0.63%,2.42/10万剂次)。疫苗补种AEFI报告发生率低于及时接种(291.62/10万剂次vs.415.05/10万剂次,χ^(2)=9.53,P<0.05)。采用单独接种、2种及以上疫苗同时接种、常规免疫接种和替代联苗接种四种方式进行补种监测到的AEFI报告发生率均低于及时接种,除常规免疫接种组外其余各组间相比差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.82,P<0.05;χ^(2)=5.46,P<0.05;χ^
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971927)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0203100,2021YFC2300103)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2021B1212040017)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen City(JCYJ20190807155009482,JSGG20200225152008136,JCYJ20200109142601702)the Sanming Project ofMedicine in Shenzhen Nanshan(No.SZSM202103008)the Key Subject of Nanshan district of Shenzhen for AIDS surveillance and prevention.The funders had no role in study design,data collection or analysis,decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘The safety and immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines in people living with HIV(PLWH)in real-world studies remain controversial.Thus,we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to address this issue.Data search were conducted from PubMed,Web of Science and EMBASE.Adverse events following vaccination,the risk ratio(RR)of SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG seroconversion and the level of anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were compared between the PLWH group and a healthy control group.A total of 10,582 PLWH from 22 studies were included.In our analysis,the incidence of local or systemic adverse events after the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose was not statistically different between PLWH and healthy controls.However,there was a statistical difference after the second dose(RR,0.83;95%CI,0.71–0.98).The seroconversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgGantibodies in PLWH was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group(RR,0.94;95%CI,0.89–0.98;I2=80%,P<0.01).The anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in PLWH after full immunization were also significantly lower than those in the healthy control group(RR,0.91;95%CI,0.85–0.98;I2=81%,P<0.01).The safety and tolerance of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWHare acceptable.However,their immunogenicitymay be impaired to a certain extent,characterized by a lower IgGseroconversion rate and neutralizing antibody titers compared with healthy individuals.These findings should provide guidance for optimizing future COVID-19 vaccination strategies among PLWH.
文摘Influenza burden: Influenza imposes a major burden on people and public health systems, causing millions of severe cases and up to one million deaths annually. Much of this burden is borne by those aged 65 or over, children under 2 years of age and people with non-communicable chronic diseases, such as heart and lung conditions and diabetes. In the elderly, influenza can have longer-term effects beyond acute infection, with some facing increased disability and care requirements. Prevention: Taking into account the growing elderly population worldwide and their susceptibility to non-communicable conditions as well as rising healthcare costs, public health policies are increasingly focusing on disease prevention strategies and promotion of healthy ageing initiatives. Influenza vaccination has an important role to play in these approaches. Immunization of high-risk groups is recommended by public health organizations, both internationally and locally within many countries. However, although vaccines are considered the most effective method for preventing influenza, many high-risk people remain unvaccinated. Improving vaccination rates: In recent years, research has focused on increasing vaccine coverage. The results demonstrate the key role healthcare professionals play in encouraging immunization, alongside factors such as communication, education and financial support for vaccination. Paradoxically, although vaccination recommendations often include healthcare professionals and studies demonstrate the potential protection offered to workers and patients, many remain unvaccinated. As a result, a growing number of organizations, particularly in North America, are implementing policies requiring vaccination of healthcare pro fessionals as a patient safety measure. In summary: Influenza vaccination has a key role to play in helping to protect the health of the growing elderly population, reduce the burden associated with non-communicable diseases and decrease the annual toll on public health. Improving vaccination lev
