The continuous increase of global atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations brutally damages our environment. A series of methods have been developed to convert CO_(2) to valuable fuels and value-added chemicals to maintain t...The continuous increase of global atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations brutally damages our environment. A series of methods have been developed to convert CO_(2) to valuable fuels and value-added chemicals to maintain the equilibrium of carbon cycles. The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) is one of the promising methods to produce fuels and chemicals, and it could offer sustainable paths to decrease carbon intensity and support renewable energy. Thus, significant research efforts and highly efficient catalysts are essential for converting CO_(2) into other valuable chemicals and fuels. Transition metal-based single atoms catalysts(TM-SACs) have recently received much attention and offer outstanding electrochemical applications with high activity and selectivity opportunities. By taking advantage of both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts, TM-SACs are the new rising star for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) to the value-added product with high selectivity. In recent years, enormous research effort has been made to synthesize different TM-SACs with different M–Nxsites and study the electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) to CO. This review has discussed the development and characterization of different TMSACs with various catalytic sites, fundamental understanding of the electrochemical process in CO_(2) RR,intrinsic catalytic activity, and molecular strategics of SACs responsible for CO_(2)RR. Furthermore, we extensively review previous studies on 1 st-row transition metals TM-SACs(Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sn) and dual-atom catalysts(DACs) utilized for electrochemical CO_(2) conversions and highlight the opportunities and challenges.展开更多
结合HJ180海洋钻机井架的工程设计实例,基于大型海事结构有限元分析程序SACS,对井架实际结构进行简化,建立井架结构的动力学计算模型,采用Guyan缩聚法计算了井架结构动力特性,得到井架结构前10阶模态和振型。在动力特性分析的基础上,选...结合HJ180海洋钻机井架的工程设计实例,基于大型海事结构有限元分析程序SACS,对井架实际结构进行简化,建立井架结构的动力学计算模型,采用Guyan缩聚法计算了井架结构动力特性,得到井架结构前10阶模态和振型。在动力特性分析的基础上,选用API RP 2A-WSD地震响应谱从X、Y、Z3个方向对井架结构进行地震响应分析,得到3个方向结构地震响应的最大值。通过计算分析可以得出,井架结构在地震作用下响应值较小,该井架结构满足强度设计要求。展开更多
基金BRNS,Mumbai,India(No-2013/37P/67/BRNS),MNRE,New Delhi,India(No-102/87/2011-NT),and CSIR,New Delhi,India{YSP-02(P-81-113),OLP-95}for the financial supportUGC,New Delhi,for a fellowship。
文摘The continuous increase of global atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations brutally damages our environment. A series of methods have been developed to convert CO_(2) to valuable fuels and value-added chemicals to maintain the equilibrium of carbon cycles. The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) is one of the promising methods to produce fuels and chemicals, and it could offer sustainable paths to decrease carbon intensity and support renewable energy. Thus, significant research efforts and highly efficient catalysts are essential for converting CO_(2) into other valuable chemicals and fuels. Transition metal-based single atoms catalysts(TM-SACs) have recently received much attention and offer outstanding electrochemical applications with high activity and selectivity opportunities. By taking advantage of both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts, TM-SACs are the new rising star for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) to the value-added product with high selectivity. In recent years, enormous research effort has been made to synthesize different TM-SACs with different M–Nxsites and study the electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) to CO. This review has discussed the development and characterization of different TMSACs with various catalytic sites, fundamental understanding of the electrochemical process in CO_(2) RR,intrinsic catalytic activity, and molecular strategics of SACs responsible for CO_(2)RR. Furthermore, we extensively review previous studies on 1 st-row transition metals TM-SACs(Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sn) and dual-atom catalysts(DACs) utilized for electrochemical CO_(2) conversions and highlight the opportunities and challenges.
文摘结合HJ180海洋钻机井架的工程设计实例,基于大型海事结构有限元分析程序SACS,对井架实际结构进行简化,建立井架结构的动力学计算模型,采用Guyan缩聚法计算了井架结构动力特性,得到井架结构前10阶模态和振型。在动力特性分析的基础上,选用API RP 2A-WSD地震响应谱从X、Y、Z3个方向对井架结构进行地震响应分析,得到3个方向结构地震响应的最大值。通过计算分析可以得出,井架结构在地震作用下响应值较小,该井架结构满足强度设计要求。
