Runoff at the three time scales （non-flooding season, flooding season and annual period） was simulated and tested from 1958 to 2005 at Tangnaihai （Yellow River Source Region： YeSR）, Zhimenda （Yangtze River Sourc...Runoff at the three time scales （non-flooding season, flooding season and annual period） was simulated and tested from 1958 to 2005 at Tangnaihai （Yellow River Source Region： YeSR）, Zhimenda （Yangtze River Source Region： YaSR） and Changdu （Lancang River Source Region： LcSR） by hydrological modeling, trend detection and comparative analysis. Also, future runoff variations from 2010 to 2039 at the three outlets were analyzed in A1B and B1 scenarios of CSIRO and NCAR climate model and the impact of climate change was tested. The results showed that the annual and non-flooding season runoff decreased significantly in YeSR, which decreased the water discharge to the midstream and down- stream of the Yellow River, and intensified the water shortage in the Yellow River Basin, but the other two regions were not statistically significant in the last 48 years. Compared with the runoff in baseline （1990s）, the runoff in YeSR would decrease in the following 30 years （2010-2039）, especially in the non-flooding season. Thus the water shortage in the mid- stream and downstream of the Yellow River Basin would be serious continuously. The runoff in YaSR would increase, especially in the flooding season, thus the flood control situation would be severe. The runoff in LcSR would also be greater than the current runoff, and the annual and flooding season runoff would not change significantly, while the runoff variation in the non-flooding season is uncertain. It would increase significantly in the B1 scenario of CSIRO model but decrease significantly in B1 scenario of NCAR model. Furlhermore, the most sensitive region to climate change is YaSR, followed by YeSR and LcSR.展开更多
Research on the combination of hydrological variation and ecological demands plays an important role in water availability assessment and sustainable management on basin scale. An integrative frame, consisting of hydr...Research on the combination of hydrological variation and ecological demands plays an important role in water availability assessment and sustainable management on basin scale. An integrative frame, consisting of hydrological regime modelling, ecological water demands estimation and renewable resources management, is given in this paper in order to support the implementation of the sustainable water resources management. The suggested integrative frame has been used to study the integrated water resources management in southern Hanjiang River Basin which is the water source of South-toNorth Water Transportation Project in China. SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model was used to simulate the monthly averaging streamflow and the amounts of ecological water demands in stream were also estimated in order to evaluate the available water resources for the local users and the transportation project. Then we formed the developing scenarioes by coupling the available water resources, the recovering rate of water resources in natural water cycle, the local water use rate and the amounts of the water transported to North, and used the Scheafer model to analyze their evolving trajectories. Eventually, the sustainable water resources management measures were assembled by the comprehensive evaluation of the scenarioes. The research indicates that the integrative frame provided a new way for the integrated water resources management in river basin.展开更多
应用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式水文模型对汉江流域1971—2000年30年逐月径流进行了模拟。结果表明:模型模拟精度高于评价标准(模拟效率Ens>0.5,相关系数r2>0.6),SWAT模型适用于汉江流域的径流模拟;水量平衡各...应用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式水文模型对汉江流域1971—2000年30年逐月径流进行了模拟。结果表明:模型模拟精度高于评价标准(模拟效率Ens>0.5,相关系数r2>0.6),SWAT模型适用于汉江流域的径流模拟;水量平衡各要素中,30年月、年平均蒸散发量、地表径流量、土壤对地下水补给量、土壤含水变化量、地下水侧流量分别占降水量的55.97%、25.88%、17.64%、0.26%、0.25%,蒸散发是该流域水量的主要输出项;各月30年平均降水量变化趋势与地表径流量变化趋势较一致,而与基流量变化趋势一致性较差;30年流域降水量年变化趋势与地表径流量、基流量的变化趋势较一致;30年月、年地表径流量对降水的响应程度高于基流。展开更多
【目的】分析河北秦皇岛市洋河水库流域N、P等主要污染元素的迁移特性,为洋河水库流域非点源污染入库前的治理提供参考。【方法】采用SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型,对秦皇岛市洋河水库流域内2008-2014年的径流及污染物迁...【目的】分析河北秦皇岛市洋河水库流域N、P等主要污染元素的迁移特性,为洋河水库流域非点源污染入库前的治理提供参考。【方法】采用SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型,对秦皇岛市洋河水库流域内2008-2014年的径流及污染物迁移情况进行模拟,同时借助SWAT中的部分模块功能,应用Fortran语言建立流域污染物迁移扩散数学模型,模拟计算2015年流域污染状况并验证模型精确度。【结果】在2008-2014年,洋河水库流域年均非点源污染流失总量中,TN负荷总量为845.96 t,流失率为10.6%,其中有机氮负荷总量占91%;TP负荷总量为240.56 t,流失率为6.4%,其中有机磷负荷总量占40%,有机态污染物负荷量的空间分布与产沙量基本保持一致。数学模型计算结果表明,东洋河入口处2015年TN、TP质量浓度计算值分别为11.62,0.032 mg/L,TN、TP质量浓度实测值分别为10.80,0.024 mg/L,其中TN质量浓度模拟的相对误差为7.59%,TP质量浓度的绝对误差仅为0.008 mg/L。【结论】洋河水库流域内的有机态污染源是主要流失源,其中有机氮、有机磷主要通过土壤流失入河;经验模型模拟对洋河水库流域径流及污染状况的模拟精度较高,可以满足区域非点源污染的治理需求。展开更多
南宁市五化灌区是广西典型的平原代表灌区。通过构建五化灌区SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式农业水文模型,探究其在灌区水管理措施下的水文循环规律,并对灌区尺度灌溉水均衡及水分生产率进行分析与评价。结果表明,研究区...南宁市五化灌区是广西典型的平原代表灌区。通过构建五化灌区SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式农业水文模型,探究其在灌区水管理措施下的水文循环规律,并对灌区尺度灌溉水均衡及水分生产率进行分析与评价。结果表明,研究区丰水年灌溉量小,枯水年灌溉量大;作物产量沿着主渠道北侧分布向北有减少趋势;该区域降水融雪对土壤水分的补给占主导作用;灌溉水分生产率主要表现为逐渐下降且趋于平稳,且研究区域边界的灌溉水分生产率较大,而研究区域中部的较小;作物水分生产率与总流入水分生产率随时间增长无明显变化,且两者的空间分布与作物产量空间分布相似。展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2012CB955304No.2009CB421403
文摘Runoff at the three time scales （non-flooding season, flooding season and annual period） was simulated and tested from 1958 to 2005 at Tangnaihai （Yellow River Source Region： YeSR）, Zhimenda （Yangtze River Source Region： YaSR） and Changdu （Lancang River Source Region： LcSR） by hydrological modeling, trend detection and comparative analysis. Also, future runoff variations from 2010 to 2039 at the three outlets were analyzed in A1B and B1 scenarios of CSIRO and NCAR climate model and the impact of climate change was tested. The results showed that the annual and non-flooding season runoff decreased significantly in YeSR, which decreased the water discharge to the midstream and down- stream of the Yellow River, and intensified the water shortage in the Yellow River Basin, but the other two regions were not statistically significant in the last 48 years. Compared with the runoff in baseline （1990s）, the runoff in YeSR would decrease in the following 30 years （2010-2039）, especially in the non-flooding season. Thus the water shortage in the mid- stream and downstream of the Yellow River Basin would be serious continuously. The runoff in YaSR would increase, especially in the flooding season, thus the flood control situation would be severe. The runoff in LcSR would also be greater than the current runoff, and the annual and flooding season runoff would not change significantly, while the runoff variation in the non-flooding season is uncertain. It would increase significantly in the B1 scenario of CSIRO model but decrease significantly in B1 scenario of NCAR model. Furlhermore, the most sensitive region to climate change is YaSR, followed by YeSR and LcSR.
基金Supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40730632)
文摘Research on the combination of hydrological variation and ecological demands plays an important role in water availability assessment and sustainable management on basin scale. An integrative frame, consisting of hydrological regime modelling, ecological water demands estimation and renewable resources management, is given in this paper in order to support the implementation of the sustainable water resources management. The suggested integrative frame has been used to study the integrated water resources management in southern Hanjiang River Basin which is the water source of South-toNorth Water Transportation Project in China. SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model was used to simulate the monthly averaging streamflow and the amounts of ecological water demands in stream were also estimated in order to evaluate the available water resources for the local users and the transportation project. Then we formed the developing scenarioes by coupling the available water resources, the recovering rate of water resources in natural water cycle, the local water use rate and the amounts of the water transported to North, and used the Scheafer model to analyze their evolving trajectories. Eventually, the sustainable water resources management measures were assembled by the comprehensive evaluation of the scenarioes. The research indicates that the integrative frame provided a new way for the integrated water resources management in river basin.
文摘应用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式水文模型对汉江流域1971—2000年30年逐月径流进行了模拟。结果表明:模型模拟精度高于评价标准(模拟效率Ens>0.5,相关系数r2>0.6),SWAT模型适用于汉江流域的径流模拟;水量平衡各要素中,30年月、年平均蒸散发量、地表径流量、土壤对地下水补给量、土壤含水变化量、地下水侧流量分别占降水量的55.97%、25.88%、17.64%、0.26%、0.25%,蒸散发是该流域水量的主要输出项;各月30年平均降水量变化趋势与地表径流量变化趋势较一致,而与基流量变化趋势一致性较差;30年流域降水量年变化趋势与地表径流量、基流量的变化趋势较一致;30年月、年地表径流量对降水的响应程度高于基流。
文摘【目的】分析河北秦皇岛市洋河水库流域N、P等主要污染元素的迁移特性,为洋河水库流域非点源污染入库前的治理提供参考。【方法】采用SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型,对秦皇岛市洋河水库流域内2008-2014年的径流及污染物迁移情况进行模拟,同时借助SWAT中的部分模块功能,应用Fortran语言建立流域污染物迁移扩散数学模型,模拟计算2015年流域污染状况并验证模型精确度。【结果】在2008-2014年,洋河水库流域年均非点源污染流失总量中,TN负荷总量为845.96 t,流失率为10.6%,其中有机氮负荷总量占91%;TP负荷总量为240.56 t,流失率为6.4%,其中有机磷负荷总量占40%,有机态污染物负荷量的空间分布与产沙量基本保持一致。数学模型计算结果表明,东洋河入口处2015年TN、TP质量浓度计算值分别为11.62,0.032 mg/L,TN、TP质量浓度实测值分别为10.80,0.024 mg/L,其中TN质量浓度模拟的相对误差为7.59%,TP质量浓度的绝对误差仅为0.008 mg/L。【结论】洋河水库流域内的有机态污染源是主要流失源,其中有机氮、有机磷主要通过土壤流失入河;经验模型模拟对洋河水库流域径流及污染状况的模拟精度较高,可以满足区域非点源污染的治理需求。
文摘南宁市五化灌区是广西典型的平原代表灌区。通过构建五化灌区SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式农业水文模型,探究其在灌区水管理措施下的水文循环规律,并对灌区尺度灌溉水均衡及水分生产率进行分析与评价。结果表明,研究区丰水年灌溉量小,枯水年灌溉量大;作物产量沿着主渠道北侧分布向北有减少趋势;该区域降水融雪对土壤水分的补给占主导作用;灌溉水分生产率主要表现为逐渐下降且趋于平稳,且研究区域边界的灌溉水分生产率较大,而研究区域中部的较小;作物水分生产率与总流入水分生产率随时间增长无明显变化,且两者的空间分布与作物产量空间分布相似。
