利用腐殖质、硫酸铵、石灰、过磷酸钙及其复配组合对污染土壤中的重金属进行快速钝化处理,根据稳定效率和钝化剂的钝化能力Cap值对钝化材料进行筛选,并采用BCR形态分级实验(European Communities Bureau of Referent,欧共体标准测量与...利用腐殖质、硫酸铵、石灰、过磷酸钙及其复配组合对污染土壤中的重金属进行快速钝化处理,根据稳定效率和钝化剂的钝化能力Cap值对钝化材料进行筛选,并采用BCR形态分级实验(European Communities Bureau of Referent,欧共体标准测量与检测局提取法)研究钝化前后土壤中重金属的形态变化.结果表明:1在单一钝化材料实验中,2%石灰稳定效果最好;在复配实验中,以2%腐殖质+2%石灰稳定效果最好,Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn稳定效率分别达98.49%、99.40%、95.86%、99.21%.2钝化能力Cap值顺序:石灰>腐殖质+石灰>硫酸铵+石灰>磷肥>硫酸铵+磷肥>腐殖质+磷肥>腐殖质>硫酸铵.3BCR形态分级实验表明,腐殖质+石灰复合钝化剂对重金属的稳定化效应优于单一石灰处理.此外,当2%腐殖质先添加时Cd被活化,使Cd在随后加入的2%石灰处理下更容易转换为了稳定性较高的有机结合态和残渣态.展开更多
利用磷酸二氢铵、过磷酸钙、羟基磷灰石与腐殖酸单独以及复配施用对模拟铅(Pb)污染农田土壤进行钝化处理,采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)浸提法、生物可利用性提取(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)评价Pb污染土壤的钝化效果...利用磷酸二氢铵、过磷酸钙、羟基磷灰石与腐殖酸单独以及复配施用对模拟铅(Pb)污染农田土壤进行钝化处理,采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)浸提法、生物可利用性提取(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)评价Pb污染土壤的钝化效果,并通过BCR形态分级实验研究钝化前后土壤Pb形态的变化,探讨不同钝化剂的修复机理.结果表明,施用不同的钝化剂均能降低土壤EDTA和PBET提取态Pb的质量分数,腐殖酸与磷酸盐复配施用的效果优于单一钝化剂处理,腐殖酸与羟基磷灰石(P/Pb物质的量比为2.4)复配施用时效果最明显,土壤EDTA和PBET提取态Pb的质量分数分别降低了29.7%、18.1%;BCR形态分级实验表明,添加钝化剂可有效减少土壤活性较高的弱酸提取态Pb的含量,增加活性较低的残渣态Pb含量,与单一钝化剂处理相比,腐殖酸和磷酸盐复配施用效果更好,尤其是与难溶性的羟基磷灰石复配施用效果最显著.展开更多
Mercury （Hg） contents in ten chemical fertilizers were determined, and the effect of calcium superphosphate （CSP） on the uptake and translocation of Hg in corn seedlings was investigated by pot experiments. CSP wa...Mercury （Hg） contents in ten chemical fertilizers were determined, and the effect of calcium superphosphate （CSP） on the uptake and translocation of Hg in corn seedlings was investigated by pot experiments. CSP was applied at the levels of 0, 66.7, and 133.4 mg P2O5/kg to Hg-treated （2 mg/kg） and untreated soils. CSP had the highest Hg content （5.1 mg/kg）, followed by the NPK compound fertilizer 15-5-5 （15% N, 5% P2O5, 5% K2O） （1.2 mg/kg）, then by nitrogen fertilizers （except for ammonia sulfate） and potassium fertilizers. Application of CSP did not obviously iuence the biomass of corn roots, but it significantly increased the biomass of corn shoots in Hg-treated soil. Application of CSP at the levels of 66.7 and 133.4 mg P2O5/kg did not obviously iuence the uptake of Hg by corn seedlings on soils without Hg treatment, but it decreased the Hg uptake of corn seedlings significantly on Hg-treated soils. The transfer coefficient of Hg in corn seedlings improved slightly on soils without Hg treatment, but decreased slightly on Hg-treated soils with the application of CSP. These results implied that CSP could ameliorate Hg toxicity to corn seedlings by inhibiting the uptake and the translocation of Hg in plants on Hg-polluted soils.展开更多
文摘利用腐殖质、硫酸铵、石灰、过磷酸钙及其复配组合对污染土壤中的重金属进行快速钝化处理,根据稳定效率和钝化剂的钝化能力Cap值对钝化材料进行筛选,并采用BCR形态分级实验(European Communities Bureau of Referent,欧共体标准测量与检测局提取法)研究钝化前后土壤中重金属的形态变化.结果表明:1在单一钝化材料实验中,2%石灰稳定效果最好;在复配实验中,以2%腐殖质+2%石灰稳定效果最好,Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn稳定效率分别达98.49%、99.40%、95.86%、99.21%.2钝化能力Cap值顺序:石灰>腐殖质+石灰>硫酸铵+石灰>磷肥>硫酸铵+磷肥>腐殖质+磷肥>腐殖质>硫酸铵.3BCR形态分级实验表明,腐殖质+石灰复合钝化剂对重金属的稳定化效应优于单一石灰处理.此外,当2%腐殖质先添加时Cd被活化,使Cd在随后加入的2%石灰处理下更容易转换为了稳定性较高的有机结合态和残渣态.
文摘利用磷酸二氢铵、过磷酸钙、羟基磷灰石与腐殖酸单独以及复配施用对模拟铅(Pb)污染农田土壤进行钝化处理,采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)浸提法、生物可利用性提取(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)评价Pb污染土壤的钝化效果,并通过BCR形态分级实验研究钝化前后土壤Pb形态的变化,探讨不同钝化剂的修复机理.结果表明,施用不同的钝化剂均能降低土壤EDTA和PBET提取态Pb的质量分数,腐殖酸与磷酸盐复配施用的效果优于单一钝化剂处理,腐殖酸与羟基磷灰石(P/Pb物质的量比为2.4)复配施用时效果最明显,土壤EDTA和PBET提取态Pb的质量分数分别降低了29.7%、18.1%;BCR形态分级实验表明,添加钝化剂可有效减少土壤活性较高的弱酸提取态Pb的含量,增加活性较低的残渣态Pb含量,与单一钝化剂处理相比,腐殖酸和磷酸盐复配施用效果更好,尤其是与难溶性的羟基磷灰石复配施用效果最显著.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40973079, 40673063)
文摘Mercury （Hg） contents in ten chemical fertilizers were determined, and the effect of calcium superphosphate （CSP） on the uptake and translocation of Hg in corn seedlings was investigated by pot experiments. CSP was applied at the levels of 0, 66.7, and 133.4 mg P2O5/kg to Hg-treated （2 mg/kg） and untreated soils. CSP had the highest Hg content （5.1 mg/kg）, followed by the NPK compound fertilizer 15-5-5 （15% N, 5% P2O5, 5% K2O） （1.2 mg/kg）, then by nitrogen fertilizers （except for ammonia sulfate） and potassium fertilizers. Application of CSP did not obviously iuence the biomass of corn roots, but it significantly increased the biomass of corn shoots in Hg-treated soil. Application of CSP at the levels of 66.7 and 133.4 mg P2O5/kg did not obviously iuence the uptake of Hg by corn seedlings on soils without Hg treatment, but it decreased the Hg uptake of corn seedlings significantly on Hg-treated soils. The transfer coefficient of Hg in corn seedlings improved slightly on soils without Hg treatment, but decreased slightly on Hg-treated soils with the application of CSP. These results implied that CSP could ameliorate Hg toxicity to corn seedlings by inhibiting the uptake and the translocation of Hg in plants on Hg-polluted soils.
