随着科技的发展,其社会、经济、政治影响力得到全面扩展和深化,科技政策研究也因此变得越来越丰富而复杂,与此同时,科技政策研究的内涵和外延也变得更加难以界定,传统的科技政策的划分方法已经难以涵盖和解释当前丰富而庞杂的科技政策...随着科技的发展,其社会、经济、政治影响力得到全面扩展和深化,科技政策研究也因此变得越来越丰富而复杂,与此同时,科技政策研究的内涵和外延也变得更加难以界定,传统的科技政策的划分方法已经难以涵盖和解释当前丰富而庞杂的科技政策研究体系。因此,将利用政策分析中"政策场域(Policy Arena)"这一重要概念,对经济商业场域(Economy and Business Arena)、公共行政场域(Public Administration Arena)、公民社会场域(Civil SocietyArena)和道德伦理场域(Morality and Ethics Arena)中的科技政策,从政策主体(Policy Actors)、互动模式(InteractionModels)以及政策目标(Orientation of Policy)三个维度重新进行边界划分和内涵界定。科技政策研究实际上存在广义和狭义之分。广义的科技政策研究包涵所有与科技相关的政策研究,而狭义的科技政策研究为基于"科学—技术—创新"范式展开的科学技术与创新政策研究(STIPS),这也是我们最常见的科技政策研究的界定。从历史发展的角度,对狭义的科技政策研究进行了进一步的梳理和分析。展开更多
针对当前情绪脑电信号(emotion electroencephalogram,EM-EEG)识别研究中时间域信息的时间尺度难以把握和空间域信息易被忽视致使辨识率停滞不前,以及采集EM-EEG时通道过多导致信息冗余和信息处理成本增加等问题,提出了基于CNN的时-空...针对当前情绪脑电信号(emotion electroencephalogram,EM-EEG)识别研究中时间域信息的时间尺度难以把握和空间域信息易被忽视致使辨识率停滞不前,以及采集EM-EEG时通道过多导致信息冗余和信息处理成本增加等问题,提出了基于CNN的时-空卷积优化融合网络进行EM-EEG识别研究。该融合网络由提取EM-EEG时域信息的长卷积(long convolution,L-Conv)CNN和提取EM-EEG空域信息的CNN并联组成,在CNN模型时-空优化中使用粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)对时域CNN中的L-Conv尺度进行了优化,并使用短时功率谱(short time power spectrum,STPS)的相关分析方法进行空域CNN模型通道数目优化,深层且有效地提取了EEG中的时间域和空间域特征。结果表明,提出的时-空卷积优化融合CNN在SEED IV数据集上对平和、悲伤、恐惧、高兴4种情绪最终准确率可以达到90.13%,相比传统单一CNN的识别准确率提高了4.76%,并且通道数目由62路降低至33路,缩减了46.77%,证实了本方法的可行性。展开更多
Most of the monitoring data on the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage treatment plants(STPs)have been reported from Europe,North America and some countries in Northeast Asia,while very limited data can be found in So...Most of the monitoring data on the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage treatment plants(STPs)have been reported from Europe,North America and some countries in Northeast Asia,while very limited data can be found in Southeast Asian countries.As a pioneering research in Sri Lanka,we collected 24 h composite wastewater samples at the influent and effluent of two municipal STPs for consecutive 7 days to investigate occurrence,consumption and removal efficiency of seventeen antibiotics.The STP was located in Colombo and Hikkaduwa,respectively,representing two kinds of communities(i.e.local and tourists)in Sri Lanka.The targeted antibiotics were extracted by solid-phase extraction method and detected on an Agilent HPLCMSMS(1290/6470QQQ).Results illustrated that the majority of the antibiotics can be always detected from both STPs,except for chlorotetracycine(CTC),doxycycline(DOX)and florfenicol(FF).Fluoroquinolones(FQs)were detected at highest concentrations with ciprofloxacin(CIP)being the dominant compound.Concentrations of CIP in the influent samples were in the range of 433 e6010 ng/L.The consumption of antibiotics was estimated on the basis of influent mass load and catchment population data.We found difference in consumption patterns between the two served areas.Compared to local people in Colombo,tourists in Hikkaduwa appeared to take more antibiotics during the study period with the estimated daily dose of 0.25 g per 1000 persons.Moreover,macrolides accounted for a larger portion than FQs in Hikkaduwa,with azithromycin(AZM)being the most prevalent antibacterial agent.After comparison with an official report by Medical Supplies Division of Sri Lanka,we conjected that AZM was not commonly used among local people and it was mainly introduced by foreign arrivals.As for the removal efficiency,the activated sludge system of Colombo exhibited better elimination and more stable performance than the constructed wetland process of Hikkaduwa.展开更多
The concentration and distribution of nonylphe-nol polyethoxylates(NPEOs represents the mixture,and NPnEO represents the monomer)and its metabolites in the influent and effluent of four municipal sewage treatment plan...The concentration and distribution of nonylphe-nol polyethoxylates(NPEOs represents the mixture,and NPnEO represents the monomer)and its metabolites in the influent and effluent of four municipal sewage treatment plants(STPs)in the north of China were measured.Moreover,the concentration and distribution of the above chemicals in the sludge of two STPs were also determined,and the transfer and fate of NPEOs in the sewage treatment process were discussed primarily by analyzing the distribu-tion of the products in the effluent and the sludge.The results showed that NPEOs and its metabolites existed in all the samples of the influent,effluent,and sludge.NPEOs were degraded in the sewage treatment process with the removal efficiency in the range of 23.38%-77.11%,or an average of 52.86%.However,the large analogs of NPnEO were only degraded to small ones,whose degradation rate was rather slow,and consequently the degradation was not complete.Hence,the concentrations of some small metabolites,such as nonylphenol(NP),nonylphenol monoethoxylate(NP1EO),and nonylphenol diethoxylate(NP2EO)were elevated in the effluent.These small metabolites are more toxic than the large NPnEO analogs,and some of them were reported to exhibit environmental endocrine disrupting activity.From this point of view,the process of sewage treatment does not reduce but elevate the risk of NPEOs,which becomes the main source of these small NPnEO in the environment.The sludge exhibited good adsorption ability for NPEOs,especially for the small analogs,which led to the high level of NPEOs in the sludge.Hence,reasonable disposal of the surplus sludge to avoid re-pollution is very important.展开更多
文摘随着科技的发展,其社会、经济、政治影响力得到全面扩展和深化,科技政策研究也因此变得越来越丰富而复杂,与此同时,科技政策研究的内涵和外延也变得更加难以界定,传统的科技政策的划分方法已经难以涵盖和解释当前丰富而庞杂的科技政策研究体系。因此,将利用政策分析中"政策场域(Policy Arena)"这一重要概念,对经济商业场域(Economy and Business Arena)、公共行政场域(Public Administration Arena)、公民社会场域(Civil SocietyArena)和道德伦理场域(Morality and Ethics Arena)中的科技政策,从政策主体(Policy Actors)、互动模式(InteractionModels)以及政策目标(Orientation of Policy)三个维度重新进行边界划分和内涵界定。科技政策研究实际上存在广义和狭义之分。广义的科技政策研究包涵所有与科技相关的政策研究,而狭义的科技政策研究为基于"科学—技术—创新"范式展开的科学技术与创新政策研究(STIPS),这也是我们最常见的科技政策研究的界定。从历史发展的角度,对狭义的科技政策研究进行了进一步的梳理和分析。
文摘针对当前情绪脑电信号(emotion electroencephalogram,EM-EEG)识别研究中时间域信息的时间尺度难以把握和空间域信息易被忽视致使辨识率停滞不前,以及采集EM-EEG时通道过多导致信息冗余和信息处理成本增加等问题,提出了基于CNN的时-空卷积优化融合网络进行EM-EEG识别研究。该融合网络由提取EM-EEG时域信息的长卷积(long convolution,L-Conv)CNN和提取EM-EEG空域信息的CNN并联组成,在CNN模型时-空优化中使用粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)对时域CNN中的L-Conv尺度进行了优化,并使用短时功率谱(short time power spectrum,STPS)的相关分析方法进行空域CNN模型通道数目优化,深层且有效地提取了EEG中的时间域和空间域特征。结果表明,提出的时-空卷积优化融合CNN在SEED IV数据集上对平和、悲伤、恐惧、高兴4种情绪最终准确率可以达到90.13%,相比传统单一CNN的识别准确率提高了4.76%,并且通道数目由62路降低至33路,缩减了46.77%,证实了本方法的可行性。
基金This work was funded by the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,(Grant No.132744KYSB20170002)UCAS scholarship for international students.The authors want to acknowledge the generous support from the National Water Supply and Drainage Board(Sewerage division),Sri Lanka and to Mr.S.M.Samaraweera for the assistance in wastewater sampling.
文摘Most of the monitoring data on the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage treatment plants(STPs)have been reported from Europe,North America and some countries in Northeast Asia,while very limited data can be found in Southeast Asian countries.As a pioneering research in Sri Lanka,we collected 24 h composite wastewater samples at the influent and effluent of two municipal STPs for consecutive 7 days to investigate occurrence,consumption and removal efficiency of seventeen antibiotics.The STP was located in Colombo and Hikkaduwa,respectively,representing two kinds of communities(i.e.local and tourists)in Sri Lanka.The targeted antibiotics were extracted by solid-phase extraction method and detected on an Agilent HPLCMSMS(1290/6470QQQ).Results illustrated that the majority of the antibiotics can be always detected from both STPs,except for chlorotetracycine(CTC),doxycycline(DOX)and florfenicol(FF).Fluoroquinolones(FQs)were detected at highest concentrations with ciprofloxacin(CIP)being the dominant compound.Concentrations of CIP in the influent samples were in the range of 433 e6010 ng/L.The consumption of antibiotics was estimated on the basis of influent mass load and catchment population data.We found difference in consumption patterns between the two served areas.Compared to local people in Colombo,tourists in Hikkaduwa appeared to take more antibiotics during the study period with the estimated daily dose of 0.25 g per 1000 persons.Moreover,macrolides accounted for a larger portion than FQs in Hikkaduwa,with azithromycin(AZM)being the most prevalent antibacterial agent.After comparison with an official report by Medical Supplies Division of Sri Lanka,we conjected that AZM was not commonly used among local people and it was mainly introduced by foreign arrivals.As for the removal efficiency,the activated sludge system of Colombo exhibited better elimination and more stable performance than the constructed wetland process of Hikkaduwa.
基金This work was supported by Kurita Water Environ-ment Foundation of Japan(14701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20277022).
文摘The concentration and distribution of nonylphe-nol polyethoxylates(NPEOs represents the mixture,and NPnEO represents the monomer)and its metabolites in the influent and effluent of four municipal sewage treatment plants(STPs)in the north of China were measured.Moreover,the concentration and distribution of the above chemicals in the sludge of two STPs were also determined,and the transfer and fate of NPEOs in the sewage treatment process were discussed primarily by analyzing the distribu-tion of the products in the effluent and the sludge.The results showed that NPEOs and its metabolites existed in all the samples of the influent,effluent,and sludge.NPEOs were degraded in the sewage treatment process with the removal efficiency in the range of 23.38%-77.11%,or an average of 52.86%.However,the large analogs of NPnEO were only degraded to small ones,whose degradation rate was rather slow,and consequently the degradation was not complete.Hence,the concentrations of some small metabolites,such as nonylphenol(NP),nonylphenol monoethoxylate(NP1EO),and nonylphenol diethoxylate(NP2EO)were elevated in the effluent.These small metabolites are more toxic than the large NPnEO analogs,and some of them were reported to exhibit environmental endocrine disrupting activity.From this point of view,the process of sewage treatment does not reduce but elevate the risk of NPEOs,which becomes the main source of these small NPnEO in the environment.The sludge exhibited good adsorption ability for NPEOs,especially for the small analogs,which led to the high level of NPEOs in the sludge.Hence,reasonable disposal of the surplus sludge to avoid re-pollution is very important.
