The laparoscopic technique was introduced in gastrointestinal surgery in the mid 1980s. Since then, the development of this technique has been extraordinary. Triggered by technical innovations (stapling devices or coa...The laparoscopic technique was introduced in gastrointestinal surgery in the mid 1980s. Since then, the development of this technique has been extraordinary. Triggered by technical innovations (stapling devices or coagulation/dissecting devices), nowadays any type of gastrointestinal resection has been successfully performed laparoscopically and can be performed laparoscopically dependent on the patient’s condition. This summary gives an overview over 30 years of laparoscopic surgery with focus on today’s indications and evidence. Main indications remain the more common procedures, e.g., appendectomy, cholecystectomy, bariatric procedures or colorectal resections. For all these indications, the laparoscopic approach has become the gold standard with less perioperative morbidity. Regarding oncological outcome there have been several high-quality randomized controlled trials which demonstrated equivalency between laparoscopic and open colorectal resections. Less common procedures like esophagectomy, oncological gastrectomy, liver and pancreatic resections can be performed successfully as well by an experienced surgeon. However, the evidence for these special indications is poor and a general recommendation cannot be given. In conclusion, laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the field of gastrointestinal surgery by reducing perioperative morbidity without disregarding surgical principles especially in oncological surgery.展开更多
Sulfated tin oxide (STO) has been found to be an efficient reusable solid superacid catalyst for C3-alkylation and O-alkylation of 4-hydroxycoumarins with benzylic, allylic alcohols/and corresponding acetates respecti...Sulfated tin oxide (STO) has been found to be an efficient reusable solid superacid catalyst for C3-alkylation and O-alkylation of 4-hydroxycoumarins with benzylic, allylic alcohols/and corresponding acetates respectively, in acetic acid under reflux conditions with good yield of products.展开更多
In the present electricity market, where renewable energy power plants have been included in the power systems, there is a lot of unpredictability in the demand and generation. There are many conventional and evolutio...In the present electricity market, where renewable energy power plants have been included in the power systems, there is a lot of unpredictability in the demand and generation. There are many conventional and evolutionary programming techniques used for solving the unit commitment （UC） problem. Dynamic programming （DP） is a conventional algorithm used to solve the deterministic problem. In this paper DP is used to solve the stochastic model of UC problem. The stochastic modeling for load and generation side has been formulated using an approximate state decision approach. The programs were developed in a MATLAB environment and were exten- sively tested for a four-unit eight-hour system. The results obtained from these techniques were validated with the available literature and outcome was good. The commitment is in such a way that the total cost is minimal. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that DP is used for solving the stochastic UC problem.展开更多
By applying the fermionization approach, the inverse version of the bosoniza- tion approach, to the Sharma-Tasso-Olver （STO） equation, three simple supersymmetric extensions of the STO equation are obtained from the...By applying the fermionization approach, the inverse version of the bosoniza- tion approach, to the Sharma-Tasso-Olver （STO） equation, three simple supersymmetric extensions of the STO equation are obtained from the Painlee analysis. Furthermore, some types of special exact solutions to the supersymmetric extensions are obtained.展开更多
The radial wave functions of inner electron shell and outer electron shell of a Ne atom were obtained by the approximate analytical method and tested by calculating the ground state energy of the Ne atom. The equivale...The radial wave functions of inner electron shell and outer electron shell of a Ne atom were obtained by the approximate analytical method and tested by calculating the ground state energy of the Ne atom. The equivalent volume of electron cloud and the refractive index of Ne were calculated. The calculated refractive index agrees well with the experimental result. Relationship between the refractive index and the wave function of Ne was discovered.展开更多
When analysing the thermal conductivity of magnetic fluids, the traditional Sharma-Tasso-Olver (STO) equation is crucial. The Sharma-Tasso-Olive equation’s approximate solution is the primary goal of this work. The q...When analysing the thermal conductivity of magnetic fluids, the traditional Sharma-Tasso-Olver (STO) equation is crucial. The Sharma-Tasso-Olive equation’s approximate solution is the primary goal of this work. The quintic B-spline collocation method is used for solving such nonlinear partial differential equations. The developed plan uses the collocation approach and finite difference method to solve the problem under consideration. The given problem is discretized in both time and space directions. Forward difference formula is used for temporal discretization. Collocation method is used for spatial discretization. Additionally, by using Von Neumann stability analysis, it is demonstrated that the devised scheme is stable and convergent with regard to time. Examining two analytical approaches to show the effectiveness and performance of our approximate solution.展开更多
文摘The laparoscopic technique was introduced in gastrointestinal surgery in the mid 1980s. Since then, the development of this technique has been extraordinary. Triggered by technical innovations (stapling devices or coagulation/dissecting devices), nowadays any type of gastrointestinal resection has been successfully performed laparoscopically and can be performed laparoscopically dependent on the patient’s condition. This summary gives an overview over 30 years of laparoscopic surgery with focus on today’s indications and evidence. Main indications remain the more common procedures, e.g., appendectomy, cholecystectomy, bariatric procedures or colorectal resections. For all these indications, the laparoscopic approach has become the gold standard with less perioperative morbidity. Regarding oncological outcome there have been several high-quality randomized controlled trials which demonstrated equivalency between laparoscopic and open colorectal resections. Less common procedures like esophagectomy, oncological gastrectomy, liver and pancreatic resections can be performed successfully as well by an experienced surgeon. However, the evidence for these special indications is poor and a general recommendation cannot be given. In conclusion, laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the field of gastrointestinal surgery by reducing perioperative morbidity without disregarding surgical principles especially in oncological surgery.
文摘Sulfated tin oxide (STO) has been found to be an efficient reusable solid superacid catalyst for C3-alkylation and O-alkylation of 4-hydroxycoumarins with benzylic, allylic alcohols/and corresponding acetates respectively, in acetic acid under reflux conditions with good yield of products.
文摘In the present electricity market, where renewable energy power plants have been included in the power systems, there is a lot of unpredictability in the demand and generation. There are many conventional and evolutionary programming techniques used for solving the unit commitment （UC） problem. Dynamic programming （DP） is a conventional algorithm used to solve the deterministic problem. In this paper DP is used to solve the stochastic model of UC problem. The stochastic modeling for load and generation side has been formulated using an approximate state decision approach. The programs were developed in a MATLAB environment and were exten- sively tested for a four-unit eight-hour system. The results obtained from these techniques were validated with the available literature and outcome was good. The commitment is in such a way that the total cost is minimal. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that DP is used for solving the stochastic UC problem.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.10735030,11175092)the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos.2007CB814800,2005CB422301)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘By applying the fermionization approach, the inverse version of the bosoniza- tion approach, to the Sharma-Tasso-Olver （STO） equation, three simple supersymmetric extensions of the STO equation are obtained from the Painlee analysis. Furthermore, some types of special exact solutions to the supersymmetric extensions are obtained.
基金Supported by the New Star Program of Beijing Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 952870400)the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,and the Excellent Young Teachers Program of Ministry of Education, China
文摘The radial wave functions of inner electron shell and outer electron shell of a Ne atom were obtained by the approximate analytical method and tested by calculating the ground state energy of the Ne atom. The equivalent volume of electron cloud and the refractive index of Ne were calculated. The calculated refractive index agrees well with the experimental result. Relationship between the refractive index and the wave function of Ne was discovered.
文摘When analysing the thermal conductivity of magnetic fluids, the traditional Sharma-Tasso-Olver (STO) equation is crucial. The Sharma-Tasso-Olive equation’s approximate solution is the primary goal of this work. The quintic B-spline collocation method is used for solving such nonlinear partial differential equations. The developed plan uses the collocation approach and finite difference method to solve the problem under consideration. The given problem is discretized in both time and space directions. Forward difference formula is used for temporal discretization. Collocation method is used for spatial discretization. Additionally, by using Von Neumann stability analysis, it is demonstrated that the devised scheme is stable and convergent with regard to time. Examining two analytical approaches to show the effectiveness and performance of our approximate solution.
