Background The subthalamic nucleus （STN） is widely recognized as one of the most important and commonly targeted nuclei in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. The success of STN surgery depends on accuracy in ...Background The subthalamic nucleus （STN） is widely recognized as one of the most important and commonly targeted nuclei in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. The success of STN surgery depends on accuracy in target determination. Construction of a digitaiized atlas of STN based on stereotactic MRI will play an instrumental role in the accuracy of anatomical localization. The aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional （3D） target location of STN in stereotactic space and construct a digitalized atlas of STN to accomplish the visualization of the STN on stereotactic MRI, thus providing clinical guidance on the precise anatomical localization of STN. Methods One hundred and twenty healthy people volunteered to be scanned by 1.5 Tesla MRI scanning with 1-mm-thick slice in the standard stereotactic space between 2005 and 2006. One adult male was selected for 3D reconstruction of STN. The process of 3D reconstruction included identification, manual segmentation, extraction, conservation and reconstruction. Results There was a significant correlation between the coordinates and age （P 〈0.05）. The volume of left STN was significantly larger than the right STN, and there was a significant negative correlation between volume and age （P 〈0.05） The surface of the STN nucleus after 3D reconstruction appeared smooth, natural and realistic. The morphological feature of STN on the individual brain could be visualized directly in 3D. The 3D reconstructed STN could be rotated, zoomed and displayed at any direction in the stereotactic space. The anteroposterior diameter of the STN nucleus was longer than the vertical and transverse diameters in 3D space. The 3D reconstruction of STN manifested typical structure of the ＂dual lens＂. Conclusions The visualization of individual brain atlas based on stereotactic MRI is feasible. However, software for automated segmentation, extraction and registration of MR images need to be further developed.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Buthus martensii Karsch is a rare medicinal animal, and dried integral Buthus rnartensii Karsch is an important drug in traditional Chinese medicine. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of scorpion ven...BACKGROUND： Buthus martensii Karsch is a rare medicinal animal, and dried integral Buthus rnartensii Karsch is an important drug in traditional Chinese medicine. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of scorpion venom analgesic active peptide （SAP） extracted from Buthus martensii Karsch on evoked unit discharge of the common peroneal nerve in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus using a stereotaxic electrophysiological extracellular microelectrode recording. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： One-way designed study, performed in the Physiological Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College on September 15, 2006. MATERIALS： Fifty 3-4 months old Wistar rats （25 males and 25 females） were used. SAP was provided by Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Morphine solution was made by the First Drug Manufactory, Northeastern Drug Manufacture Group （batch number： H20013351）. Naloxone solution was made by Hunan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch number： H43021669）. Type ATAC-350 medical data processing equipment was made by the Photoelectricity Company, Japan. METHODS： Fifty rats were randomly divided into the SAP group （n=20）, saline group （n=10）, morphine group （n=10）, or naloxone group （n=10）. In the SAP group, the common peroneal nerve was separated and stimulated with a single square wave （17-19 V intensity; 0.2 ms width; 20 ms retardation time）. Subsequently, SAP （0.01%, 2 μL） was injected into the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus. Rats in the naloxone group were injected with naloxone （1.0 mg/kg i.v.） before SAP injection. Rats in the saline group and the morphine group were injected with saline （2 μL） or morphine （0.01%, 2μL）, respectively, before SAP injection. Other procedures were the same as those in the SAP group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Evoked discharge in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus and effects of SAP alone and SAP in combination with saline, morphine, or naloxone on discharges in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus as 展开更多
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30770595） and Key Scientific and Technological Project in Heilongjiang Province （No. GB06C40302）.
文摘Background The subthalamic nucleus （STN） is widely recognized as one of the most important and commonly targeted nuclei in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. The success of STN surgery depends on accuracy in target determination. Construction of a digitaiized atlas of STN based on stereotactic MRI will play an instrumental role in the accuracy of anatomical localization. The aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional （3D） target location of STN in stereotactic space and construct a digitalized atlas of STN to accomplish the visualization of the STN on stereotactic MRI, thus providing clinical guidance on the precise anatomical localization of STN. Methods One hundred and twenty healthy people volunteered to be scanned by 1.5 Tesla MRI scanning with 1-mm-thick slice in the standard stereotactic space between 2005 and 2006. One adult male was selected for 3D reconstruction of STN. The process of 3D reconstruction included identification, manual segmentation, extraction, conservation and reconstruction. Results There was a significant correlation between the coordinates and age （P 〈0.05）. The volume of left STN was significantly larger than the right STN, and there was a significant negative correlation between volume and age （P 〈0.05） The surface of the STN nucleus after 3D reconstruction appeared smooth, natural and realistic. The morphological feature of STN on the individual brain could be visualized directly in 3D. The 3D reconstructed STN could be rotated, zoomed and displayed at any direction in the stereotactic space. The anteroposterior diameter of the STN nucleus was longer than the vertical and transverse diameters in 3D space. The 3D reconstruction of STN manifested typical structure of the ＂dual lens＂. Conclusions The visualization of individual brain atlas based on stereotactic MRI is feasible. However, software for automated segmentation, extraction and registration of MR images need to be further developed.
文摘BACKGROUND： Buthus martensii Karsch is a rare medicinal animal, and dried integral Buthus rnartensii Karsch is an important drug in traditional Chinese medicine. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of scorpion venom analgesic active peptide （SAP） extracted from Buthus martensii Karsch on evoked unit discharge of the common peroneal nerve in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus using a stereotaxic electrophysiological extracellular microelectrode recording. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： One-way designed study, performed in the Physiological Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College on September 15, 2006. MATERIALS： Fifty 3-4 months old Wistar rats （25 males and 25 females） were used. SAP was provided by Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Morphine solution was made by the First Drug Manufactory, Northeastern Drug Manufacture Group （batch number： H20013351）. Naloxone solution was made by Hunan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch number： H43021669）. Type ATAC-350 medical data processing equipment was made by the Photoelectricity Company, Japan. METHODS： Fifty rats were randomly divided into the SAP group （n=20）, saline group （n=10）, morphine group （n=10）, or naloxone group （n=10）. In the SAP group, the common peroneal nerve was separated and stimulated with a single square wave （17-19 V intensity; 0.2 ms width; 20 ms retardation time）. Subsequently, SAP （0.01%, 2 μL） was injected into the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus. Rats in the naloxone group were injected with naloxone （1.0 mg/kg i.v.） before SAP injection. Rats in the saline group and the morphine group were injected with saline （2 μL） or morphine （0.01%, 2μL）, respectively, before SAP injection. Other procedures were the same as those in the SAP group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Evoked discharge in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus and effects of SAP alone and SAP in combination with saline, morphine, or naloxone on discharges in the posterior nucleus group of the thalamus as
