Nuclear domain 10(ND10) are spherical bodies distributed throughout the nucleoplasm and measuring around 0.2-1.0 μm. First observed under an electron microscope, they were originally described as dense bodies found i...Nuclear domain 10(ND10) are spherical bodies distributed throughout the nucleoplasm and measuring around 0.2-1.0 μm. First observed under an electron microscope, they were originally described as dense bodies found in the nucleus. They are known by a number of other names, including Promyelocytic Leukemia bodies(PML bodies), Kremer bodies, and PML oncogenic domains. ND10 are frequently associated with Cajal bodies and cleavage bodies. It has been suggested that they play a role in regulating gene transcription. ND10 were originally characterized using human autoantisera, which recognizes Speckled Protein of 100 kD a, from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. At the immunohistochemical level, ND10 appear as nuclear punctate structures, with 10 indicating the approximate number of dots per nucleus observed. ND10 do not colocalize with kinetochores, centromeres, sites of mR NA processing, or chromosomes. Resistance of ND10 antigens to nuclease digestion and salt extraction suggest that ND10 are associated with the nuclear matrix.They are often identified by immunofluorescent assay using specific antibodies against PML, Death domainassociated protein, nuclear dot protein(NDP55), and so on. The role of ND10 has long been the subject of investigation, with the specific connection of ND10 and viral infection having been a particular focus for almost 20 years. This review summarizes the relationship of ND10 and viral infection. Some future study directions are also discussed.展开更多
An interval of limestone,which generally has a dendroid appearance on outcrops,has been found in several Permian-Triassic boundary(PTB) sections in South China,and interpreted to be microbialites.Previous research has...An interval of limestone,which generally has a dendroid appearance on outcrops,has been found in several Permian-Triassic boundary(PTB) sections in South China,and interpreted to be microbialites.Previous research has examined the paleontology and sedimentology of the unit,however,little attention has been devoted to its diagenesis.This paper discusses the diagenesis of the microbialites in the PTB section at Laolongdong,Chongqing,South China.Examination of multiple outcrops reveals that the structure in this kind of rock is not always dendroid;in many cases it is irregular in shape,and seldom shows the "up-branching" form.In addition,the speckled interval has also been found beneath the dendroid interval.In outcrop,both the speckled and dendroid rocks consist of the darkercolored areas and the lighter-colored areas.Examination of thin sections reveals that the darker-colored areas on outcrops are actually lighter-colored in thin sections,consist of larger crystals,and are more transparent.The lighter-colored areas in thin sections generally consist of large blocky calcite containing scattered small dirty calcite rhombs and irregular residual limestones,which are the same as the lime mudstones between the lighter-colored areas.It is inferred that the dendroid and speckled rocks have experienced the following diagenetic processes:(1) exposure of the carbonate sediments to the subaerial environment because of a sea level drop;(2) dolomitization caused by the downward migration of fluids formed the dendroid and speckled dolomitic patches;(3) dedolomitization of the dolomitic patches formed dendroid and speckled patches of calcite;(4) dissolution occurred in the interstices between relic dolomite crystals formed spongy pores;and(5) filling of the spongy pores by large blocky calcite.Therefore,even though microbes played a critical role in the formation of these microbialites,diagenesis contributed greatly to the formation of the speckled and dendroid pattern of the microbialites.展开更多
Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)is a common hu-man pathogen causing cold sores and even more se-rious diseases.It can establish a latent stage in sensory ganglia after primary epithelial infections,and reacti-vate i...Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)is a common hu-man pathogen causing cold sores and even more se-rious diseases.It can establish a latent stage in sensory ganglia after primary epithelial infections,and reacti-vate in response to stress or sunlight.Previous studies have demonstrated that viral immediate-early protein ICP0 plays a key role in regulating the balance between lytic and latent infection.Recently,It has been deter-mined that promyelocytic leukemia(PML)nuclear bod-ies(NBs),small nuclear sub-structures,contribute to the repression of HSV-1 infection in the absence of functional ICP0.In this review,we discuss the funda-mentals of the interaction between ICP0 and PML NBs,suggesting a potential link between PML NBs and ICP0 in regulating lytic and latent infection of HSV-1.展开更多
Melanie C. Green and Timothy C. Brock have proposed their transportation-imagery model of narrative persuasion. They argue that a narrative can evoke imagery in readers＇ mind and then transport readers into the narra...Melanie C. Green and Timothy C. Brock have proposed their transportation-imagery model of narrative persuasion. They argue that a narrative can evoke imagery in readers＇ mind and then transport readers into the narrative world the author has created, in the course of which the author can persuade readers of the beliefs he＇s put into the narrative. This paper employs this model to rethink how Arthur Conan Doyle persuades his readers of British imperialism in his ＂The Speckled Band＂. First, this model considers the vividness of the narrative and readers＇ participatory response as key factors in readers＇ transportation. The narratives of ＂The Speckled Band＂ are picturesque, and Sherlock Holmes＇ inferential process has reinforced readers＇ participatory response. On the other hand, detective fiction usually has the theme of how the detective/law and order beats the criminal/chaos. That is, Doyle persuades his readers that the British Empire will prevail in ＂The Speckled Band＂ when Holmes, representing the British imperialism, solves the case and kills Dr. Roylott, who represents the evil and savagery in the British colony. According to Green and Brock＇s model, it simply means that there are two narratives （i.e., one is about how the law of the British Empire is challenged, and the other is about how the British Empire＇s stability is restored）, and two complementary transportations before Doyle can successfully persuades his readers. However, if we closely read ＂＇The Speckled Band＂, we can learn that Holmes, who should have represented British law, is guilty of trespassing or taking the law into his own hands. In other words, the complementarity of the two transportations is compromised. Thus, we can conclude that it is highly questionable whether or not Doyle can transport his readers into the bosom of the British Empire.展开更多
This Letter proposes to apply full-color computer-generated holograms to the virtual image projection system so that the viewers can comfortably view floating images. Regarding the spatial division and distribution op...This Letter proposes to apply full-color computer-generated holograms to the virtual image projection system so that the viewers can comfortably view floating images. Regarding the spatial division and distribution operation,a modified Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm is used for acquiring the phase infographics, which are input into the spatial light modulator for the reconstructed projection. Such a virtual image projection system could reach the vertical angle of view of 15°–75° and the horizontal angle of view 360°, and the mixed-light modulating proportion contains a 3 m W red light laser, a 2 m W green light laser, and a 2.6 m W blue light laser to achieve the full-color mixed-light proportion with a speckle contrast of 6.65%. The relative diffraction efficiency and root mean square error of the reconstructed image are 95.3% and 0.0524, respectively.展开更多
目的探讨致密斑点型抗核抗体(dense fine speckled,DFS)在抗核抗体(antinuclear antibody,ANA)中的检出率及其在类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2017年至2020年本院就诊患者7865例ANA检测标本,...目的探讨致密斑点型抗核抗体(dense fine speckled,DFS)在抗核抗体(antinuclear antibody,ANA)中的检出率及其在类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2017年至2020年本院就诊患者7865例ANA检测标本,采用间接免疫荧光法(indirect immunofluorescence,IIF),统计DFS在ANA中的阳性率及风湿免疫科ANA、DFS的阳性率。结果7865例ANA检测标本中阳性检出率为34.01%(2675/7865),DFS检测率为2.75%(216/7865),DFS占ANA阳性标本的8.07%(216/2675)。ANA阳性标本中男性占18.62%(498/2675),女性占81.38%(2177/2675),DFS阳性标本中男性占29.17%(63/216),女性占70.83%(153/216),男女间DFS差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。DFS患者中风湿免疫科占52.78%(114/216),114人中有38人已确诊为类风湿性关节炎,占总的DFS阳性比率为17.59%。结论DFS是ANA阳性荧光模型中常见的一种,归属于细胞核核型中的斑点型,其中类风湿关节炎患者占有较高的比率。展开更多
基金Supported by A Pilot Grant from the National Center for Research Resources(G12 RR003050)the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities(8G12MD007579-27)+2 种基金the National Institutes of Health(To Tang Q)an American Cancer Society Grant(117448-RSG-09-289-01-MPC)(To Tang Q)NIH/NCRR U54RR022762(To Tang Q)
文摘Nuclear domain 10(ND10) are spherical bodies distributed throughout the nucleoplasm and measuring around 0.2-1.0 μm. First observed under an electron microscope, they were originally described as dense bodies found in the nucleus. They are known by a number of other names, including Promyelocytic Leukemia bodies(PML bodies), Kremer bodies, and PML oncogenic domains. ND10 are frequently associated with Cajal bodies and cleavage bodies. It has been suggested that they play a role in regulating gene transcription. ND10 were originally characterized using human autoantisera, which recognizes Speckled Protein of 100 kD a, from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. At the immunohistochemical level, ND10 appear as nuclear punctate structures, with 10 indicating the approximate number of dots per nucleus observed. ND10 do not colocalize with kinetochores, centromeres, sites of mR NA processing, or chromosomes. Resistance of ND10 antigens to nuclease digestion and salt extraction suggest that ND10 are associated with the nuclear matrix.They are often identified by immunofluorescent assay using specific antibodies against PML, Death domainassociated protein, nuclear dot protein(NDP55), and so on. The role of ND10 has long been the subject of investigation, with the specific connection of ND10 and viral infection having been a particular focus for almost 20 years. This review summarizes the relationship of ND10 and viral infection. Some future study directions are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40802001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20070420523)
文摘An interval of limestone,which generally has a dendroid appearance on outcrops,has been found in several Permian-Triassic boundary(PTB) sections in South China,and interpreted to be microbialites.Previous research has examined the paleontology and sedimentology of the unit,however,little attention has been devoted to its diagenesis.This paper discusses the diagenesis of the microbialites in the PTB section at Laolongdong,Chongqing,South China.Examination of multiple outcrops reveals that the structure in this kind of rock is not always dendroid;in many cases it is irregular in shape,and seldom shows the "up-branching" form.In addition,the speckled interval has also been found beneath the dendroid interval.In outcrop,both the speckled and dendroid rocks consist of the darkercolored areas and the lighter-colored areas.Examination of thin sections reveals that the darker-colored areas on outcrops are actually lighter-colored in thin sections,consist of larger crystals,and are more transparent.The lighter-colored areas in thin sections generally consist of large blocky calcite containing scattered small dirty calcite rhombs and irregular residual limestones,which are the same as the lime mudstones between the lighter-colored areas.It is inferred that the dendroid and speckled rocks have experienced the following diagenetic processes:(1) exposure of the carbonate sediments to the subaerial environment because of a sea level drop;(2) dolomitization caused by the downward migration of fluids formed the dendroid and speckled dolomitic patches;(3) dedolomitization of the dolomitic patches formed dendroid and speckled patches of calcite;(4) dissolution occurred in the interstices between relic dolomite crystals formed spongy pores;and(5) filling of the spongy pores by large blocky calcite.Therefore,even though microbes played a critical role in the formation of these microbialites,diagenesis contributed greatly to the formation of the speckled and dendroid pattern of the microbialites.
基金supported by grants from the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(973 Program)(Grant Nos.2010CB530105 and 2011CB504802)The Startup Fund of the 100 Talents Program from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.20072020-141)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30870120,81171584,81101263,and 81000736)。
文摘Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)is a common hu-man pathogen causing cold sores and even more se-rious diseases.It can establish a latent stage in sensory ganglia after primary epithelial infections,and reacti-vate in response to stress or sunlight.Previous studies have demonstrated that viral immediate-early protein ICP0 plays a key role in regulating the balance between lytic and latent infection.Recently,It has been deter-mined that promyelocytic leukemia(PML)nuclear bod-ies(NBs),small nuclear sub-structures,contribute to the repression of HSV-1 infection in the absence of functional ICP0.In this review,we discuss the funda-mentals of the interaction between ICP0 and PML NBs,suggesting a potential link between PML NBs and ICP0 in regulating lytic and latent infection of HSV-1.
文摘Melanie C. Green and Timothy C. Brock have proposed their transportation-imagery model of narrative persuasion. They argue that a narrative can evoke imagery in readers＇ mind and then transport readers into the narrative world the author has created, in the course of which the author can persuade readers of the beliefs he＇s put into the narrative. This paper employs this model to rethink how Arthur Conan Doyle persuades his readers of British imperialism in his ＂The Speckled Band＂. First, this model considers the vividness of the narrative and readers＇ participatory response as key factors in readers＇ transportation. The narratives of ＂The Speckled Band＂ are picturesque, and Sherlock Holmes＇ inferential process has reinforced readers＇ participatory response. On the other hand, detective fiction usually has the theme of how the detective/law and order beats the criminal/chaos. That is, Doyle persuades his readers that the British Empire will prevail in ＂The Speckled Band＂ when Holmes, representing the British imperialism, solves the case and kills Dr. Roylott, who represents the evil and savagery in the British colony. According to Green and Brock＇s model, it simply means that there are two narratives （i.e., one is about how the law of the British Empire is challenged, and the other is about how the British Empire＇s stability is restored）, and two complementary transportations before Doyle can successfully persuades his readers. However, if we closely read ＂＇The Speckled Band＂, we can learn that Holmes, who should have represented British law, is guilty of trespassing or taking the law into his own hands. In other words, the complementarity of the two transportations is compromised. Thus, we can conclude that it is highly questionable whether or not Doyle can transport his readers into the bosom of the British Empire.
基金supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan,China under contract NSC 101-2628-E-224-002-MY3
文摘This Letter proposes to apply full-color computer-generated holograms to the virtual image projection system so that the viewers can comfortably view floating images. Regarding the spatial division and distribution operation,a modified Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm is used for acquiring the phase infographics, which are input into the spatial light modulator for the reconstructed projection. Such a virtual image projection system could reach the vertical angle of view of 15°–75° and the horizontal angle of view 360°, and the mixed-light modulating proportion contains a 3 m W red light laser, a 2 m W green light laser, and a 2.6 m W blue light laser to achieve the full-color mixed-light proportion with a speckle contrast of 6.65%. The relative diffraction efficiency and root mean square error of the reconstructed image are 95.3% and 0.0524, respectively.
