采用热风干燥、真空干燥和冷风干燥对海马进行干燥,比较不同干燥工艺下海马的干燥特性、水分有效扩散系数以及活化能的区别,并建立海马的干燥动力学模型。获得了50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃及100℃条件下海马热风干燥特性曲线,50℃、6...采用热风干燥、真空干燥和冷风干燥对海马进行干燥,比较不同干燥工艺下海马的干燥特性、水分有效扩散系数以及活化能的区别,并建立海马的干燥动力学模型。获得了50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃及100℃条件下海马热风干燥特性曲线,50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃及90℃条件下海马真空干燥特性曲线,20℃、30℃及40℃条件下海马冷风干燥特性曲线。以R^2、χ^2和RMSE为评价指标,选用13种典型干燥模型对海马的干燥曲线进行拟合,结果表明Page模型和Midilli模型最适合描述海马热风干燥过程;Page模型和Weibull模型可以准确描述海马真空干燥过程;Page模型、Logarithmic模型和Weibull模型可以很好的描述海马冷风干燥过程。海马热风干燥、真空干燥及冷风干燥的有效水分扩散系数D(eff)分别在1.1714×10^-10m^2/s^6.7873×10^-10m^2/s、4.9252×10^-10m^2/s^10.4920×10^-10m^2/s和2.3510×10^-10m^2/s^4.0174×10^-10m^2/s区间内,活化能分别为37.05 k J/mol、18.75 k J/mol和20.55 k J/mol。展开更多
Vertebrates have developed various modes of reproduction,some of which are found in Teleosts.Over 300 species of the Syngnathidae(seahorses,pipefishes and seadragons)exhibit male pregnancies;the males have specialized...Vertebrates have developed various modes of reproduction,some of which are found in Teleosts.Over 300 species of the Syngnathidae(seahorses,pipefishes and seadragons)exhibit male pregnancies;the males have specialized brood pouches that provide immune protection,nourishment,and oxygen regulation.Chemokines play a vital role at the mammalian maternal–fetal interface;however,their functions in fish reproduction are unclear.This study revealed the evolutionary traits and potential functions of chemokine genes in 22 oviparous,ovoviviparous,and viviparous fish species through comparative genomic analyses.Our results showed that chemokine gene copy numbers and evolutionary rates vary among species with different modes of reproduction.Syngnathidae lost cxcl13 and cxcr5,which are involved in key receptor–ligand pairs for lymphoid organ development.Notably,Syngnathidae have site-specific mutations in cxcl12b and ccl44,suggesting immune function during gestation.Moreover,transcriptome analysis revealed that chemokine gene expression varies among Syngnathidae species with different types of brood pouches,suggesting adaptive variations in chemokine functions among seahorses and their relatives.Furthermore,challenge experiments on seahorse brood pouches revealed a joint immune function of chemokine genes during male pregnancy.This study provides insights into the evolutionary diversity of chemokine genes associated with different reproductive modes in fish.展开更多
There is an urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia(MI)and potential drug treatments.Here,the anti-MI mechanism and material basis of Ginkgo biloba L.extract(GBE)were studied from the perspect...There is an urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia(MI)and potential drug treatments.Here,the anti-MI mechanism and material basis of Ginkgo biloba L.extract(GBE)were studied from the perspective of energy metabolism flux regulation.Metabolic flux analysis(MFA)was performed to investigate energy metabolism flux disorder and the regulatory nodes of GBE components in isoproterenol(ISO)-induced ischemia-like cardiomyocytes.It showed that[U-13 C]glucose derived m+2 isotopologues from the upstream tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle metabolites were markedly accumulated in ISO-injured cardiomyocytes,but the opposite was seen for the downstream metabolites,while their total cellular concentrations were increased.This indicates a blockage of carbon flow from glycolysis and enhanced anaplerosis from other carbon sources.A Seahorse test was used to screen for GBE components with regulatory effects on mitochondrial aerobic respiratory dysfunction.It showed that bilobalide protected against impaired mitochondrial aerobic respiration.MFA also showed that bilobalide significantly modulated the TCA cycle flux,reduced abnormal metabolite accumulation,and balanced the demand of different carbon sources.Western blotting and PCR analysis showed that bilobalide decreased the enhanced expression of key metabolic enzymes in injured cells.Bilobalide’s efficacy was verified by in vivo experiments in rats.This is the first report to show that bilobalide,the active ingredient of GBE,protects against MI by rescuing impaired TCA cycle flux.This provides a new mechanism and potential drug treatment for MI.It also shows the potential of MFA/Seahorse combination as a powerful strategy for pharmacological research on herbal medicine.展开更多
文摘采用热风干燥、真空干燥和冷风干燥对海马进行干燥,比较不同干燥工艺下海马的干燥特性、水分有效扩散系数以及活化能的区别,并建立海马的干燥动力学模型。获得了50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃及100℃条件下海马热风干燥特性曲线,50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃及90℃条件下海马真空干燥特性曲线,20℃、30℃及40℃条件下海马冷风干燥特性曲线。以R^2、χ^2和RMSE为评价指标,选用13种典型干燥模型对海马的干燥曲线进行拟合,结果表明Page模型和Midilli模型最适合描述海马热风干燥过程;Page模型和Weibull模型可以准确描述海马真空干燥过程;Page模型、Logarithmic模型和Weibull模型可以很好的描述海马冷风干燥过程。海马热风干燥、真空干燥及冷风干燥的有效水分扩散系数D(eff)分别在1.1714×10^-10m^2/s^6.7873×10^-10m^2/s、4.9252×10^-10m^2/s^10.4920×10^-10m^2/s和2.3510×10^-10m^2/s^4.0174×10^-10m^2/s区间内,活化能分别为37.05 k J/mol、18.75 k J/mol和20.55 k J/mol。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41825013)the Marine Economic Development Project(GDNRC[2022]36)+2 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3102403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230409,42276127)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515011380,2021A1515011393).
文摘Vertebrates have developed various modes of reproduction,some of which are found in Teleosts.Over 300 species of the Syngnathidae(seahorses,pipefishes and seadragons)exhibit male pregnancies;the males have specialized brood pouches that provide immune protection,nourishment,and oxygen regulation.Chemokines play a vital role at the mammalian maternal–fetal interface;however,their functions in fish reproduction are unclear.This study revealed the evolutionary traits and potential functions of chemokine genes in 22 oviparous,ovoviviparous,and viviparous fish species through comparative genomic analyses.Our results showed that chemokine gene copy numbers and evolutionary rates vary among species with different modes of reproduction.Syngnathidae lost cxcl13 and cxcr5,which are involved in key receptor–ligand pairs for lymphoid organ development.Notably,Syngnathidae have site-specific mutations in cxcl12b and ccl44,suggesting immune function during gestation.Moreover,transcriptome analysis revealed that chemokine gene expression varies among Syngnathidae species with different types of brood pouches,suggesting adaptive variations in chemokine functions among seahorses and their relatives.Furthermore,challenge experiments on seahorse brood pouches revealed a joint immune function of chemokine genes during male pregnancy.This study provides insights into the evolutionary diversity of chemokine genes associated with different reproductive modes in fish.
基金国家自然科学基金面上项目(81573487):二氢神经酰胺类鞘脂及其代谢通路在慢加急性肝衰竭发生发展中的作用及防治措施研究中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目(2017-12M-1-013):中药安全风险预警及防控国际合作项目(Grant ID4084):Applications and core technology university research(ACT-UR)proposal form
文摘目的利用Seahorse XF^e24海马细胞能量代谢分析系统分析对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)对人肝细胞线粒体有氧呼吸的整体影响,为APAP在能量代谢角度的毒性防控及毒性机制研究提供方法学的参考。方法体外培养人肝细胞系(HepG2),分别以1、2、4、8、16 mM APAP处理细胞24 h,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态;BCA法定蛋白含量。采用Seahorse XF^e24海马细胞能量代谢分析系统建立HepG2细胞实验方法,并检测不同浓度APAP对人肝细胞线粒体有氧呼吸的影响和特点。结果 Seahorse XF^e24海马细胞能量代谢分析系统检测HepG2细胞能量代谢的最佳条件为:24孔板细胞密度2×10~4/孔,FCCP浓度为2μM。MTT结果中对人肝细胞增殖有显著抑制作用的APAP(4、8、16 mM)能干扰人肝细胞的线粒体有氧呼吸,其中4、8 mM APAP有降低肝细胞基础呼吸和ATP生成的趋势,16 mM APAP能显著抑制肝细胞的基础呼吸、最大呼吸和ATP合成。结论高剂量APAP(16 mM)在人肝细胞活细胞体系中能够显著抑制细胞能量代谢,对活细胞线粒体有氧呼吸显示显著毒性作用。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81803496)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.:2016-I2M-3-016)the Applications and Core Technology University Research(ACT-UR,Grant No.:4084)。
文摘There is an urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia(MI)and potential drug treatments.Here,the anti-MI mechanism and material basis of Ginkgo biloba L.extract(GBE)were studied from the perspective of energy metabolism flux regulation.Metabolic flux analysis(MFA)was performed to investigate energy metabolism flux disorder and the regulatory nodes of GBE components in isoproterenol(ISO)-induced ischemia-like cardiomyocytes.It showed that[U-13 C]glucose derived m+2 isotopologues from the upstream tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle metabolites were markedly accumulated in ISO-injured cardiomyocytes,but the opposite was seen for the downstream metabolites,while their total cellular concentrations were increased.This indicates a blockage of carbon flow from glycolysis and enhanced anaplerosis from other carbon sources.A Seahorse test was used to screen for GBE components with regulatory effects on mitochondrial aerobic respiratory dysfunction.It showed that bilobalide protected against impaired mitochondrial aerobic respiration.MFA also showed that bilobalide significantly modulated the TCA cycle flux,reduced abnormal metabolite accumulation,and balanced the demand of different carbon sources.Western blotting and PCR analysis showed that bilobalide decreased the enhanced expression of key metabolic enzymes in injured cells.Bilobalide’s efficacy was verified by in vivo experiments in rats.This is the first report to show that bilobalide,the active ingredient of GBE,protects against MI by rescuing impaired TCA cycle flux.This provides a new mechanism and potential drug treatment for MI.It also shows the potential of MFA/Seahorse combination as a powerful strategy for pharmacological research on herbal medicine.
